Sale nthaka ya zaulimi. mgwirizano chitsanzo malonda

Land oyenera kulima chakudya chofunika mawu a zikhalidwe, amaonedwa mipherezero njira m'mayiko onse. Mu Russia, zomwe, ngakhale ngati mbali zikuluzikulu za m'gawo lake "zone ya ulimi yowopsa", oyenera ulimi m'dziko ambirimbiri ndipo ngati gwero aliyense zothandiza, kuti ali pansi pa chofufuzidwa ya boma.

Land ulimi monga mutu wa ndikupeleka

Pa perestroika, pamene panali pafupi kusintha kotheratu kwa chimango malamulo m'dzikoli, boma wataya udindo wake monga mwini yekha wa dziko. Anatengera 25.04.1991, ndi Code Dziko la RSFSR ndi kusinthidwa kwa Constitution la anthu 1978 kukhala mopanda malire malo zosowa zosiyana. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa moratorium pa kugulitsa nthaka yazaulimi nthawi ya zaka 10, mu nkhani ya phwando ake free, ndi zaka 5 tsiku kugula kwa amalipiritsa.

Komabe, ndi kukhazikitsidwa mu 1993 lalikhulu la dziko la zoletsa onse anakweza, ndi malo akhala ophunzira wonse zolowa boma.

Land Code wa Russian Federation (RF LC) Gawo 11,1 imalongosola m'madera monga mbali ya malo padziko lapansi, malire a zimene zalembedwa ndi mayina malamulo enieni. Komanso, iwo ali osasunthika, divisible, si consumable, transferable zinthu zomwe ndi mbali zenizeni mu mawonekedwe a udindo malamulo (gulu), amene anapereka malingana ndi cholinga cha dziko.

Pakati pa mndandanda m'chilamulo cha mitundu ikuluikulu ya dziko ntchito zosowa za ulimi, ndi mu malo oyamba, chifukwa kufunika wapadera ndi boma. Mu Part 1 Article 77 a LC RF Izi zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Madera linali kunja m'midzi ndi anafuna kuti ntchito ulimi - (. Minda, kusunga tirigu ndi zina zotero) mbewu kubzala, ziweto, udzu, komanso mayikidwe a maofesi zogwirizana.
• Mbali zimene mungathe kuchita ulimi koma m'magulu ena - m'dziko kuthetsa ndipo sanali nkhalango mayiko a thumba nkhalango.

zinthu zonse anafotokoza mu kapangidwe kake ndi sakanikira, n'cholinga zogulitsa zotsatirazi mitundu ingakhale monga iyi:

Mbali zaulimi

m'mayiko ulimi madera amene ali patsogolo pa ntchito ulimi	dziko Non-ulimi m'madera zinthu "wothandiza"
Olimapo dziko (gawo mbeu)	misewu mkati
Osatha zomera munda chakudya (minda ya mphesa, etc.).	zomera Forest kuti adziteteze mavuto gawo (moto, mphepo zotentha ndi zina zotero.)
Madipoziti - lapansi, poyamba ntchito ngati munda analima, koma anasiya pa mpumulo kuti achire katundu chonde	Land kwa nyumba okhazikika kapena nyengo, nyumba ndi zida, amene anafuna kuti yosungirako ndiponso pokonza wa ulimi
haymaking	Madzi zinthu - zachilengedwe kapena kupanga anatseka malo (amatunga, odulidwa madzi ntchito)
	Kulumikizana, kuphatikizapo reclamation

Kaya kapangidwe ndi anapangira m'dziko, kugulitsa chawo chidzakhala nkhani malamulo apadera, ena RF Land Code ndi Chilamulo Federal № 101 FZ (hereinafter - Chilamulo pa zolowa). Komabe, pali zina zimene anam'gulira ndi kugula zaulimi ndi kulolerana kwambiri m'dziko wothandiza. Makamaka, zikuchokera zawo, zinthu zosayembekezereka ndi ntchito zina ayenera m'gulu lemba panganoli.

Zofunikila pa malonda a dziko

m'madera Civil makope ikuchitika kutenga nkhani ya oletsa ndi Civil, Land Code ndi malamulo ena. Pansi iwo kumvetsa zinthu, lamulo limene asagwiritse mwini nthawi ya kupatuka pa chuma (easement, kubweza, kukhulupirirana kasamalidwe, lendi, etc.).

Malinga ndi malamulo a Chilamulo pa zolowa, kugula ndi kugulitsa zaulimi ali ndi zofooka zotsatirazi:

1. Zambiri osati kunditumiza ku umwini alendo (anthu kapena makampani), anthu stateless, komanso makampani Russian, ngati likulu lawo udindo gawo umwini yachilendo oposa 50%.
2. Madera silingagulitsidwe ndi kusintha wotsatira wa gulu (komwe). Pankhaniyi, pambuyo ndikupeleka amaloledwa kusintha ntchito analola m'dziko. Mwachitsanzo, malo ndikutchetcha zikhoza kusinthidwa mu msipu.
3. Malinga Article 4 za mmbuyo, wokwatibwa ndi gulu limodzi (munthu kapena ntchito) akhoza kumatanthauza malo okha - 10 100% ya chiwerengero cha mbali malire a mizinda yambiri. More zofooka yeniyeni anapereka malangizo dera.

ufulu Pre-emptive kugula dziko

Nkhani 8 cha lamuloli amasonyeza chopinga chachikulu kwa ufulu kufalitsidwa m'dziko - patsogolo m'maderawa kwa ogulidwa dziko pamene anagulitsa. Popeza kufunika njira ya m'dera ndi chakudya, zinthu zimene dongosolo wapadera wa kupatuka, ndithu chake.

Akamanena za ufulu chisanadze emptive ndi wogulitsa ndi cholinga kulowa mu mgwirizano tsogolo la zogulitsa malo, ayenera mu kulemba kupereka mfundo zotsatirazi:

• mtengo wa dziko ndi moyo midzi pakati pa zipani (palibe masiku oposa 90);
• Malo chinthu ndi Q mahekitala. meters;
• Location (adiresi) gawo la cadastral kulembetsa zambiri;
• cadastral (makonzedwe) chiwerengero cha dziko;
• nkhani wogulitsa, kuphatikizapo mfundo kukhudzana.

zidziwitso The sayenera kulowa zokhudza makasitomala. Lamulo amafuna kalembedwe pa kupatuka mwini wake. Komanso, chikalata ichi si zikuphatikizapo anakhumudwitsa kutsatira kugulitsa.

Zidziwitso imafalikira ku ofesi kapena ulamuliro anatumiza kalata ndi mndandanda wa ZOWONJEZERA. Mu zolemba izi zogwirizana ndi zikalata adzakhala umboni waukulu ku khoti mikangano pa zotuluka pa mgwirizano wa zogulitsa.

Ngati thupi wamkulu (dipatimenti, utumiki, dipatimenti) dera akukana kugula, wogulitsa ndi zindikirani yoyenera, kugulitsidwa kwa dziko zaulimi ayenera kuonedwa chifukwa 1 chaka. Koma lingaliro pa ogulidwa ndi nthaka akhoza kukhala abwino. Pankhaniyi, anayamba kumachita Nkhani malamulo dera kusamalira njira yeniyeni imene zindikirani wogulitsa (zindikirani, kuti kapena lamulo) ndi kulembetsa wa wotsatira malonda ndi kugula pangano.

Mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa nthaka yazaulimi m'dera Moscow pamaziko a ndime 3 Article 10 la nambala Chilamulo 75/2004 oz mumzinda 12.06.2004, kuti kuchitidwa mukati ma masiku 60 kuchokera pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa thupi oyang'anira tauni pa kupeza dziko.

Kuwonjezera ufulu wa dera kapena boma, malamulo ameme Russian amapereka mwayi ndi ena:

1. Lendi pansi item 8 Article 22 la Dziko Code la Chitaganya cha Russia ali ndi ufulu kugula dziko anausiya ku umwini boma la dziko kutsogolo kwa anthu ena onse chidwi.
2. Pamene mwiniwake wa bankirapuse - Agriculture Organization - mwini loyandikana dziko nawo ufulu wa chisanadze emption katundu wake.

Compliance ndi zikhalidwe kugula zinthu mokondera chofunika. Ngati kuphwanya, ogulidwa ndi kugulitsa zaulimi simungakhoze kutenga malo kapena kuferatu kukhoti.

Nkhaniyi zogulitsa a m'dzikolo: nyemba

Mchikhalidwe nkhani № 101 FZ anayamba maiko oyandikana, mwa issuance wa malamulo osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa nthaka ya zaulimi ku Ivanovo malamulo № 31 oz wa May 8, 2008 "Pa kumbuyo kwa dziko m'dera Ivanovo." M'madera ena vuto pa kupatuka pa zinthu izi aphatikizidwa malamulo ambiri monga mutu osiyana kapena gawo.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi nkhani zidziwitso za malonda tsogolo la malo. M'madera ambiri, akupemphedwa kutumiza kalata mu mawonekedwe free, kuwapatsa malangizo ndi zonse zofunika. Koma m'madera ena a mtundu munakonda thupi wamkulu. Mwachitsanzo, mu zindikirani Nizhny Novgorod Region ndi kutsatira alumikiza № 1 Zochita boma № 453-r Mukhoza pachibwenzi March 13, 2012

Njira kwa ndikupeleka kwa gawo kupeza

Pangano, monga mfundo malamulo, zikuoneka chifukwa cha njira zake mapeto pakati pa zipani palokha (wogula ndi wogulitsa), chimene chiri kukwaniritsa pangano pa zinthu zonse. Komabe, m'pofunika kunena mgwilizano ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Mapangidwe dziko.

Sale a zaulimi zitha kukhala mudziko la ena malo payekha, kutanthauza kuti kudutsa ndondomeko yoyeza (ndi kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza a kumalire pansi) ndi kulembetsa cadastral malinga ndi Chilamulo Federal № 221-FZ wa 24.07.2007

2. womwe umapangidwa wokha wa mphamvu wamkulu mu dera ndi / kapena dera chilakolako kugulitsa m'dziko zinthu konkire ndi kupeza kuchokera kwa iwo anamvera.

3. Kupeza chilolezo cha gulu lachitatu zogulitsa, m'kukoma kulemba. malamulo Current kupereka kwa mitundu zotsatirazi wa iwo:

• Chilolezo cha mkazi wa mwini zogulitsa (ndime 3 Article 35 a Banja Code).
• Chilolezo cha woyang'anira osakhalitsa, msonkhano angongole 'kapena munthu kupereka chuma (Nkhani 64, 82 ndi 101 wa Chilamulo Federal № 127-FZ wa 26.10.2002 "Pa Insolvency").
• Chilolezo cha mwini (minda munthu, ulimi) oyandikana malo ngati malo omwewo ndi wogulitsa mu mkhalidwe bankirapuse pa siteji ya Kuthi bankirapuse.

Mndandanda pamwamba pa zinthu ndi lotseguka, monga kufunika zochita zina kuti mapeto a mgwirizano malonda kumatengera zifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo malo palokha, malo ake, ndi wogwira bwino, njira kupatulana.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene kachiwiri kugulitsa ntchito kafukufuku chofunika, monga phunziro la mgwirizano kale kuvala mlandu yoyenera. Zidziwitso za akuluakulu a cholinga kugulitsa chofunika pokhapokha ngati wogulitsa ndi munthu payekha.

zinthu zofunika

Chakudya cha Article 432 la Civil Code (Civil Code), amaonekera kuti pamaso mapeto enieni a ndikupeleka ndi kulanda katundu ndi ndalama zipani ziyenera kugwirizana pa zinthu izi:

1. Mutu wa mgwirizano - ikulongosola zonse m'dziko kusiyanitsa izo kwa ena. Mchitidwe zachitika ya zomwe ziyenera kutchulidwa mgwirizano:

• cadastral chiwerengero;
• adiresi (malo);
• m'dera mahekitala kapena lalikulu. meters;
• gulu ndi ntchito kuloledwa.

2. Mtengo wa dziko expropriated - zakuthupi mawu a udindo kulipira wogulitsa motsatirana kuti mawu awo a pangano la zogulitsa. Iwo akhoza mwachindunji monga gawo lonse wonse, ndi pa malo unit. maphwando ndi ufulu wosankha kukula kwa mtengo, koma simungathe kusintha amangosankha.

Popeza malonda awa m'dera zinthu mgwirizano sati anasaina, koma khalidwe la chuma chake mwa munthu winayo basi sizichitika.

Ufulu ndi udindo wogulitsa wa Malowo

Land zogulitsa a zaulimi zikutanthauza osati tanthauzo la chinthu ndi mtengo, komanso lamulo wathunthu zochita za zipani (wogulitsa ndi wogula) pa kutengerapo, alandile malipilo pa chuma, komanso wotsatira chikalata kulembetsa mu Rosreestra.

Ufulu ndi udindo mwini, anatsimikiza mu malamulo applicable la Chitaganya cha Russia, ndipo motere:

1. ntchito ndi ufulu wa Wogulitsa.

1.1. Kupereka mfundo zonse zilipo za katundu (zoletsa) gawo, khalidwe ndi chiyembekezo ntchito zawo anafuna. Nkhani ili:

• chilolezo kuchita mitundu yeniyeni ya zaulimi (mpesa, chipangizo analenga chinthu, etc.);
• pamaso pa okwerera oyandikana kuti mphamvu iliyonse pa gawo anapeza;
• Mkhalidwe katundu wa dziko lapansi, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ndi ndalama;
• deta ena amene akhoza mwa njira iliyonse kusintha zochita wogula ndi kugula.

Ufulu kwa nthaka akhoza okha kukhazikitsidwa pa maiko oyandikana, mfundo zenizeni ntchito ndipo akafuna kasamalidwe ndi zogwirizana ndi kuteteza nyama ndi zomera zolengedwa, kusamala nthaka, malo a mitundu osowa nyama kapena mbalame, maulendo zachilengedwe kusamuka ndi zina zotero.

Eni nthaka akhoza sindikudziwa za zonse zofunikila, koma ayenera mwachindunji mu mgwirizano ndi anthu omwe amadziwika.

1.2. Kusamutsa dziko.

Pansi makonzedwe amatanthauza zimene wogulitsa mu mfundo ndi malamulo pa oyamba a wogula umwini dziko. Ndipo anatanthauza osati tanthauzo lenileni la "awarding" ndi amene anapatsa mawu ndi lamulo.

Malinga ndi ndime 1 Article 224 la Civil Code, item aliyense amaona kuti kupereka pambuyo chikuonetseratu mwachindunji ku malo a wogula. inawo tingasonyezere monga gawo za kumasulidwa katundu wogulitsa kapena kutha kwa ulimi.

Udindo kutengerapo analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a chikalata wapadera - akuchita kutengerapo ndi kuvomereza yolembedwa ndi zipani kuchepa kenako okha kuonedwa akwaniritsidwe.

2. Ufulu yaikulu ya wogulitsa ndi luso amafuna malipiro yake ya m'dziko lawo mfundo za mgwirizano wa zogulitsa. Ngati chuma lotalikirana ulamuliro wamkulu, iye akhoza:

• kuyan'ana chitetezo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo;
• kugwiritsa ntchito anafuna pa chuma, komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa maudindo ena pa ntchito za gawolo.

Ufulu ndi udindo wogula wa Malowo

The zokhudza ntchito ndi mphamvu ya wogula, monga ulamuliro, ofanana pankhani kwa wogulitsa. Komanso, yotsirizira sangathe kugwira ntchito zawo popanda ofanana zochita za wogula. Nthawi zambiri iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2:

1. Basic udindo.

1.1. mtengo Cash malo a ndalama, mawu ndi ndondomeko anakhazikitsa mgwirizano wa zogulitsa. Monga ulamuliro, izi zimachititsa kulanda ndalama kwa nkhaniyi mu dongosolo la malipiro.

1.2. Zochita umalimbana pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko malo enieni a dziko ndi kupanga akuchita phwando ndi HIV.

chiwerengero cha maudindo anatumizidwa wogula, ndi lalikulu ndi ameneŵa pangano msonkho dziko si kuchokera tsiku la kusintha kwa mwini dziko mu zolembedwa za akuluakulu a msonkho, ndipo kuchokera tsiku la chimaliziro cha mgwirizano wa zogulitsa kapena chiyambi cha ntchito leni wa chinthu. Ndi, monga ulamuliro, anakakamizika kuchita ndi kulipira kulanda kulembetsa ufulu lidzaponyedwe ziwalo Russian Register.

Ngati chinthu zogulitsa ndi mwini amachita monga ulamuliro, maudindo ena akhoza anasamutsa kwa wogula, kuphatikizapo:

• mapulogalamu yokonza ndi kusintha kwa gawo pafupi ndi misewu;
• migwirizano ndi ndondomeko za chitukuko m'dera kubzala;
• kuonetsetsa kumafika wa oimira matupi boma m'dera zolinga mafamu yachinsinsi;
• kuteteza kafukufuku, zolembera kafukufuku;
• ndi ena amangokhala ndi nthawi ya ntchito kuti ateteze ndi kusintha dziko.

2. Chinthu chachikulu ufulu wogula akukumana udindo wogulitsa ndi ndiye kuti amafuna kulanda yake ya Malowo ndi kukhazikitsa yosalala mphamvu zawo za mwiniwake:

• yomanga nyumba ndi nyumba zolinga zaulimi;
• ntchito pa zofuna zawo mchere anthu, pansi ndi matupi chatsekedwa madzi;
• ya ulimi wothirira, ngalande, dziko reclamation mchere chipangizo (amatunga ndi quarries madzi).

Mapangano dziko kupeza si kumanga ndi zinthu zinazake malingana ndi malamulo ambiri pa malonda a malo. Koma si choletsedwa ntchito kale alipo zida, mitundu ya mapangano. Mwachitsanzo, dongosolo la RF Roskomzema 1-16 / 770 kuchokera 06.02.1993 ndipo anavomereza chitsanzo pangano malonda a zaulimi. Panopa, chikalata ichi ndi opanda, koma atha kutumikira ngati lina wotuluka pa kupatuka a dziko.

kamba yolakwika ya mgwirizano malonda

Ndime 2 Article 37 a RF Land Code imalemba mavuto kugulitsa nthaka yazaulimi adzakhala yolakwika:

1. Lamanja la wogulitsa kapena munthu wina aliyense kuti awombole katundu kumbuyo pa chifuniro, kapena zivute zitani. Kukhalapo ngati mphatso yochokera zosemphana ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa chuma.
2. zoletsa latsopano mwini (a acquirer) kwa kuthekera kwa madongosolo zina zopezera chuma. Mwachitsanzo, kuletsa zanyumba, mbeu zina, kubwereketsa ndi zina zotero.
3. Wogulitsa kumasulidwa kwa munda udindo pamene m'zimenezi ndi amati dziko ndi lachitatu maphwando kapena maulamuliro onse. udindo azilipira wogula chifukwa kumawononga kapena achire zopinga ntchito m'dziko operekedwa ndi Article 461 la Civil Code.
4. Kufotokozera za zochita za mwini m'tsogolo, mwa njira iliyonse chikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa gulu dziko kapena ntchito pa zolinga zina, mwachitsanzo osati ulimi.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo tanthauzo zina ndi moyenerera. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa iwo kupatula pamene pansi pa amati ndi kugulitsa ndi mgwirizano wa chikole. Malinga pati ndi ukulu wa likhale pangano, kugulitsa nthaka yazaulimi akhoza kuferatu mu gawo kapena mu utumiki.

Njira kulowa mgwirizano malonda

Mogwirizana umwini ndi dongosolo nkhani limatchula ndondomeko izi zogulitsa a zaulimi:

1. The kupeza malo payekha chifukwa mosalekeza kugula ndi kugulitsa malamulo operekedwa § 7 Chapter 30 wa Civil Code, Nkhani 30 ndi 38 RF Land Code, Article 8 Chilamulo Federal № 101 FZ.
2. Site kupeza kudzera tenders (kapena amagulitsa nsombazo). Kawirikawiri njirayi amachitidwa pa kulanda ziwembu mu umwini anthu. malamulo osiyana kukhazikitsa kugulitsa makamaka nthaka ya zaulimi kudzera amagulitsa nsombazo, ndi kwina, ndi malamulo wa Chilamulo pa zolowa amanena kuti chakudya muyezo wa Article 38-38.1 wa LC RF.
3. Site kupeza lendi. Njira imeneyi yogula ndi umwini zofunika kwambiri. Ngati zogulitsa umamumvera mbali yapadera, ndikupeleka zikuchitika pa malamulo chilengedwe. Koma kugula dziko anausiya ku chikhalidwe kapena dera, motere kuyambira ndime 4 Article 10 la Chilamulo pa zolowa, n'zotheka mwa njila zaphindu, koma pakalibe malamulo applicable wosindikiza akuluakulu boma kapena oyang'anira tauni kupereka malo pangano.

Mfundo ufulu wa mgwirizano likukhudza, makamaka, ndi pa njira pamapeto pake, zimene zimathandiza kuti kutaya dziko osati malamulo chabe, koma kudzera amagulitsa nsombazo dziko mseri (amagulitsa nsombazo). MAKONZEDWE Chilamulo pa zolowa sindilola, obliging kutsatira udindo mu ulamuliro zidziwitso za nkhani za cholinga kugulitsa dzikolo.