Photo ndi yonena za Karl Briullov. mfundo zosangalatsa

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov - wotchuka zojambulajambula, draftsman, watercolorist, amene ankakhala mu zoyambirira za m'ma 19. akusoŵa wabweretsa umoyo watsopano, chikondi, masewera zachilengedwe pa luso classicism chi maphunziro. Padziko lonse kutchuka wojambula uno ntchito yake "masiku otsiriza a Pompeii."

M'nkhani ya yonena za Karl Briullov. Mwachidule amatiuza za wojambula izi sikokwanira. Kumene, Karl Pavlovich akuyenera tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane moyo wake ndi ntchito. Iwo zoyenera anapereka m'munsimu yonena za Karl Briullov.

Origin ndi ubwana wa mmisiri

Bryullov Karl Pavlovich anabadwa mu St. Petersburg December 23, 1799 bambo ake, Pavel Ivanovich, - academician wa chosema yokongola. Pa nkhani imeneyi, n'zosadabwitsa kuti ana onse asanu ndi awiri m'banja ndi luso luso. Komanso, ana asanu - Ivan, Paulo Alexander, Fedor ndi Karl - anakhala amisiri. Kutchuka kwambiri Komabe, anagwa asamathe.

Monga mwana, Charles ankasiyana odwala. Wambiri Karl Briullov zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro chakuti kwa zaka zisanu iye anali pafupifupi chigonere. Karl Pavlovich anadwala scrofula. Kwambiri precocious mnyamata talente zazikulu kupenta. Pavel Ivanovich ntchito ndi mwana wake kuyambira ali mwana. Monga mphunzitsi, iye anali okhwima kwambiri. bambo Karl ankatha ngakhale kuchoka popanda mwana wodwala chakudya chokha chifukwa iye sanali kukwaniritsa ntchito zojambula.

Maphunzilo ku Academy of Tirhana, ntchito zoyamba

Pamene Charles zaka 10, iye anavomereza kuti St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. The mnyamata kuyambira maphunziro anaimirira pakati anzawo maphunziro aakulu analandira motsogoleredwa ndi atate wake, komanso talente yowala. Karl Pavlovich kutifotokozera ankakonda kujambula. Pakuti ichi nthawi zina atsanzira matenda scrofula, anapita ku chipatala ndipo kumeneko iye anajambula zithunzi za abwenzi.

Aphunzitsi a mnyamata Academy anali Egorov, A. Ivanov, V. Shebuev ndi ena. Ntchito "Narcissus kuyang'ana m'madzi," anali oyambirira kudziwa ntchito yake. Chifukwa cha chiwembu - bodza Greek za wokongola mnyamata amene anagwidwa ndi chinyezimiro lake madzi. Mu 1819, ntchito imeneyi Bryullov anali kupereka golide Mendulo wa pamlingo wachiwiri. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri kuti filimu lake lotchedwa "The chodabwitsa cha Abrahamu angelo atatu izo Large golide Mendulo anali kupereka.

Moyo ndi m'bale wake

Karl Pavlovich mu 1819 kuthetsedwa ndi m'bale wake Alexander mu msokhano uno. m'bale wake anali wachiwiri Montferrand pomanga wotchuka Cathedral St. Isake. Katswiri pa nthawi ino kukhala moyo kulenga zithunzi kuyitanitsa. Mwa makasitomala ake anali anthu amene nayenso Komiti ya Society kulimbikitsa ojambula zithunzi. Karl Pavlovich pa pempho lawo, analenga "Polynices chisoni" ndi "Oedipus ndi Antigone". Pa ichi iye anapatsidwa angachite ulendo zaka zinayi pensioner ku Italy ndi mchimwene wake.

Ulendo wa ku Rome, ntchito ya nthawi Chitaliyana

Wambiri Karl Briullov kuti iye ndi Alexander mu 1822 anapita ku Rome. Apa, abale ankaphunzira ambuye luso, Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Karl Pavlovich anapereka kwambiri maphunziro Komabe, ndi moyo chikhalidwe zinali olemera kwambiri. Pa nthawi imene ku Italy, chithunzicho utoto angapo zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mu ntchito za "masana Chitaliyana" (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) ndi "Italy Morning" kuti zinalengedwa nkhaniyo kumtumizako kunja Society kulimbikitsa ojambula zithunzi, wolemba ntchito zithunzi tsiku ndi tsiku yokolola mphesa kusamba m'mawa, osati m'nthano kapena mbiri nkhani. Penti "Italy Morning" apasa Nicholas I. Iye anapereka ntchito imeneyi Mfumukazi.

Karl Bryullov mu nthawi Italy ntchito lolunjika pa portraiture. Mwa ntchito zake tisaiwale analenga padziko 1832 Chithunzi cha wotchuka Samoilova Yu ndi blackamoor, 1828 - woimba M. Vielgorsky, 1832 - Dzhovaniny Pachchini (wotchuka "Wokwera" mu chithunzi pamwambapa), komanso kudzikonda chithunzi, amene akulemba za 1834 yonena Karla Bryullova tinaonera. Zosangalatsa za chithunzicho ndi ntchito zake kwambiri achuluka, monga mudzaona powerenga lisanathe nkhaniyi.

Bwererani ku Russia

Back mu Russia, mu Moscow, chithunzicho analenga ntchito zingapo ndi khalidwe lapamtima. Pakati pawo titchedwe zithunzi za Tolstoy, A. Pogorelsky ndi I. Vitali kuntchito. Patapita nthawi, kale kukhala mu St. Petersburg, Karl Pavlovich walenga zithunzi za Krylov (mu 1841) ndi V. Zhukovsky (1838). N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ntchito otsiriza anagwira mwachindunji lotale, umene unapangidwa bungwe kulera ndalama chiwombolo cha T. G. Shevchenko ku serfdom.

Tinakumana ndi Samoylovoy Yu. P., ulendo zatsopano Italy

Pa phwando unachitikira mu 1827, chithunzicho anadziwa Samoylovoy Yuliey Pavlovnoy. wotchuka uno unali Karl Pavlovich chikondi, bwenzi wapamtima zolinga luso. Pamodzi ndi wojambula wake ku Italy pa bwinja la mizinda ya Hekuleniya ndi Pompeii yemwe anamwalira mu 79 AD. e. chifukwa cha kuphulika chiphala. Katswiri ouziridwa ofotokoza za ngozi imeneyi ya wolemba Roma Pliny wang'ono, amene anaona kuti izo, ndinazindikira kuti mwambo umenewu ukhala mutu wa ntchito zake lotsatira. Chithunzicho kwa zaka zitatu kusonkhanitsa chuma pa ntchito yomanga ndi zakale zofukula m'mabwinja. Adafuna kuonetsetsa kuti wachina chilichonse kuperekedwa pa nsalu wake, chikufanana chi.

"Masiku Otsiriza wa Pompeii"

zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ntchito anapitiriza chithunzi lotchedwa "The M'masiku Otsiriza wa Pompeii." Mu ndondomeko ya chilengedwe chake wolemba wapanga zambiri zina zachidule chithunzichi ndipo zithunzi, komanso osintha zikuchokera kangapo. Pamene kupenta unaperekedwa kwa anthu (zinachitika 1833), kwachititsa inaphulika chimwemwe. Lisanaperekedwe, palibe ntchito a sukulu Russian wa zithunzi, sanali analemekeza uyu ulemerero waukulu European. Pa ziwonetsero malonda Paris ndi Milan mu 1834, kupambana kwake kunali zidzasintha. Katswiri mu Italy anakhala membala aulemu wa maphunziro angapo a zojambulajambula, ndi ku likulu la French, iye anali kupereka ya Zikho Gold.

Nanga tingazifotokoze bwino ngati a kupenta izi? Osati kokha nkhani yabwino kuti chikufanana ndi chikondi kutsitsimuka kwa akuluakulu a m'nthawi imeneyo kutali, komanso njira woyambitsa gawo pa magulu m'dera mwinji wa anthu akufa. Gulu lililonse izi zikusonyeza ena chilakolako - dyera, kutaya mtima wodzipereka chikondi. Mphamvu ya namondwe, amene akuimira mu pachithunzipa, mwachisawawa kuwononga chilichonse, akuswa mu chiyanjano cha moyo. Pa m'nthawi iye zachititsa maganizo a ziyembekezo zosakwaniritsidwa, Musanyengedwe mavutowo. kupenta Izi zinabweretsa Mlengi wake wotchuka padziko lonse. Anatoly Demidov, chithunzi kasitomala, anaipereka kwa Nicholas I.

Ulendo ndi zipatso zake

Briullov Zinali zovuta kulenga chinachake kuti sakhudzidwa pachithunzipa. Atalemba izo, iye anagwera mu vuto kulenga. Karl Pavlovich anayamba imodzi mwa mapepala angapo, koma sanamalize aliyense wa iwo. Mu May 1835 chithunzicho anapita kukaona VP Orlov-Davydov, amene anatumidwa Turkey ndi Greece. The brig "Themistocles" anachokera ku Athens ku Constantinople. Mkulu wa ngalawa zakhala VA Kornilov. chithunzi chake, olengedwa mwa 1835 (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) ndi umodzi wa watercolors zabwino zimene chinali moyo Karla Bryullova. akusoŵa linauziridwa ndi maulendowa kenako wodzilemekeza ndi mndandanda wa watercolors, zojambula ndi zithunzi zojambulajambula. Mwa iwo ntchito ya 1835 "anavulazidwa Greek" ndi "The Turk pansi pa kavalo"; "Turk" (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), olengedwa mwa zapakati pa 1837 ndi 1839; chithunzi 1849 "Kasupe wa Bakhchisarai", "zokoma madzi mu Constantinople" ndi "Harbor ku Constantinople."

Phwando mu Odessa

Katswiri mu chaka cha 1835 anakakamizika kubwerera ku Russia pa malamulo a mfumu. Woyamba wa mizinda Russian kumene anafikako, anali Odessa. Anthu amene ankachitika phwando wojambula. MS Vorontsov, anayamba kuchonderera Kazembe-General wa Odessa kuti nthawi anakhala ku mzinda uwu wakhala kuchuluka. Komabe, wojambula sanafune kukhala m'dera lino.

Monga Brullov kumbuyo ufulu wodzilamulira

December 25, Bryullov anafika ku Moscow. Ankadziwa A. S. Pushkinym anali chochitika chofunika mu mbiri yake. Atafika ku St. Petersburg Mfumu inalamula ku Karl Pavlovich kwa zithunzi za m'banja lachifumu. Komabe, iye ankadabwa chifukwa kuti ntchitoyo. Ogwira anadabwa ulemu umene chithunzicho a akuluakulu a udindo wapamwamba. Katswiri kumbuyo ufulu kulenga, iye anali wokhoza kuti aliyense kulemekeza okha.

kuphunzitsa ndi ntchito watsopano

Karl Bryullov, mbiri ndi zinthu zomwe zinali ndi ndiye kudziwika kwa ambiri, mu 1836, anayamba kugwira ntchito ku St. Petersburg Academy of Wabwino Tirhana pulofesa komwe anaphunzitsa ojambula zithunzi wamng'ono. Iye analenga "bryullovskoy sukulu," umene umaphatikizapo otsatira ake. ambuye ambiri amadziwika monga Shevchenko Fedotov neri Al., Kuchuluka mchikakamizo cha Karl Pavlovich. Kumaphatikizaponso chilengedwe pafupifupi 80 zithunzi zatsopano nthawi ya ntchito pa Academy. Mwa mabuku wotchuka Bryullov 30s ndi zithunzi V. A. Perovskogo, alongo Shishmareva (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), puppeteer, woimba A. Ya. Petrovoy. Komanso Brühl Isakkievskogo nawo kupenta a tchalitchi.

Zochitika mu moyo wa chithunzicho

Tikumbukenso kuti mu theka lachiwiri la 1830 anali wosungulumwa kwambiri moyo wake mseri Karl Pavlovich Bryullov. mbiri yake yodziwika ndi mphamvu ya mayi wina dzina lake Julia Samoilova, amene tinachita kale anafotokoza. Komabe, pamene iye anali kunja. Karl Pavlovich pa zaka makumi anai, anakumana ndi Emily Timm, mphatso limba. Bambo a mtsikanayo anali meya wa Riga. Emilio, ndiyenera kunena, zinali zovuta zakale. Anati kwa wojambula poyerekezera ndi bambo ake. Koma chifundo ndi chikondi khungu wojambula. Iye akhali na chidikhiro kuti kumverera Adzagonjetsa onse. Choncho ukwati zinali zodzaza ndi Emilia yonena Karla Bryullova. moyo ndi Komabe, sizinali zophweka. miyezi 2 kenako, bambo lake anapulumuka zonena za dona wake, kumuyalutsa anthu, adaunyema ndi Emily. The wotchuka Samoilova posachedwa anabwerera ku Russia. Mu 1841, chithunzicho analenga chithunzi ake ofunda.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1847, enaake ophwanya malungo, ozizira kwambiri ndi zoipa mtima zojambulajambula zamangidwa pa bedi kwa zaka 7. Komabe, pa nthawiyi anapitiriza ntchito. Lodziwika kwambiri "Self-Chithunzicho" yoimira 1848 (alembedwera koyambirira kwa nkhani ino).

Potsatira malangizo a madokotala April 1849 Briullov kumanzere Russia zabwino. Komabe, mankhwala pa za. Madeira simunabwere naye mpumulo. wojambula kulengedwa zithunzi zingapo. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo ali fanizo la M. Lanci, kunena 1851. Komabe, Karl Pavlovich sanapeze kusangalala pantchito. M'chaka cha chaka chotsatira anasamukira Marciano pafupi Rome. Wambiri Karl Briullov mathero June 23, 1852 Zinali ndiye kuti chithunzicho anafa. situdiyo wake unadzaza ndi zina zachidule zosonyeza zithunzi za ku Italy moyo national.

Karl Bryullov, yonena mwachidule zomwe lakhazikitsidwa mwa ife, ndi mmodzi mwa ojambula kwambiri Russian. ntchito zake zimadziwika osati dziko lathu komanso padziko lonse. Tsopano inu mukudziwa chiyani chidwi wojambula monga Bryullov Karl Pavlovich mbiri. Nkhani ya moyo wake, inu mukuona, ndi chidwi kwambiri.