Pakatikati wotchuka wa St. Petersburg: kufotokoza ndi chithunzi. UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Wapadera St. Petersburg mu zomangamanga modabwitsa ali wamphamvu zake umunthu. Palibe zodabwitsa pakati mbiri ya St. Petersburg ndi mbali ya UNESCO cholowa mu uthunthu wake.

mzinda wamng'ono uyu ali wolemera mu mbiriyakale, izo zikanakhala zokwanira mmizinda. Mzindawu unali likulu lalikulu Russian Ufumu, kumene zochitika zinachitika zokhudza osati dziko komanso dziko pa lalikulu. Pakatikati mbiri ndi zipilala la St. Petersburg kwa mboni.

History of kumanga mzinda

Back mu 1703 pa zilumba za ku malo a kulekana kwa mtsinje Neva pa manja 2 - Big ndi Small Neva - anakhazikitsidwa St. Petersburg linga, amene kumanga zinachitikadi mofulumira, nkhondo inali kupitiriza, ndipo m'mphepete mwa Gulf wa Finland anali chofunika kuchita kuti apeze kufalikira mu njira iliyonse.

Dambo mochedwa yomanga mpanda wa linga ndipo ankapha anthu, osati wolingalira kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi zikhalidwe ntchito mwakhama. Pomanga pabwalo la nyumba yoyamba amatabwa anamangidwira: Mpingo wa St. Peter ndi Paulo, Senate, ndi nkhokwe ndi mankhwala chachikulu. Pafupifupi zaka 300 zinatengera kuti malo amenewa anakhala zimene zili m'gulu pakati mbiri ya St. Petersburg.

Patatha zaka 3 makoma yomanga pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi mwala, amene adatenga pafupifupi zaka 35. Poyamba, Petro ine ndikukhumba kuti mzindawo unali kwathunthu pa mphambano ya njira, kutsatira chitsanzo cha Venice, koma yomanga anapita pa zolinga zina kamangidwe. Mu masiku St. Petersburg njira zatenga 10 okha% ya m'derali yomwe ndi pafupifupi 300 Km.

St. Petersburg komanso monyadira milatho ake omwe oposa 300 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu. Kukula, mzinda Kenako anabalalikira zinthu zimene odziwika bwino lero, St Petersburg.

Mu nthawi yathu, alendo a kumpoto atsogoleri likulu ndikukuuzani, izo zikuwoneka ngati likulu wotchuka wa St. Petersburg, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani malo.

Petro ndi Paulo linga

The linga, omwe anakhala dongosolo loyamba likulu m'tsogolo ndipo lero kudziwika kuti Paulo, muli dzina la mpingo, ili m'gawo lake. Lero malo mbiri ya St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg amene chachikulu kwambiri "Petro ndi Paulo Linga" ndi bwino mpanda wake akudikira masana kuwombera kuchokera Cannon a.

Kapangidwe ka linga ali ngati zipilala mapulani monga Commandant wa Akatswiri House, Zachuma ndi Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral. Kale oyambirira 18 atumwi phata inasanduka m'ndende kwa akaidi a zandale, ndi wina wa akaidi woyamba anali mwana wa Peter Ine Tsarevich Alexei.

Pang'onopang'ono, mwala makoma anayamba kutha, choncho anaganiza "kavalidwe" wa Neva ndi makoma phata mu lubwe. Ndicho chimene lero ndi Paulo linga, omwe anakhala waukulu kwambiri Russian mbiri owonetsera zakale.

Admiralty

Nyumba yoyambirira kumanzere mtsinje wa Neva anali milimo ya Admiralty. Poyamba anaima ndi Peter Ine doko la zombo zapanyanja mwachizolowezi, wapafupi Petro ndi Paulo phata, wakhala linga weniweni zokhalamo. kusankha kumanga linga panali mantha kuti nthawi ya kuukira asilikali a Sweden mu mzinda achinyamata.

Woyamba Admiralty nyumbayi inatha mu 1705, ndipo lero lonse mapulani gulu loyimba anazindikira mwa UNESCO monga mmodzi wopambana mu dziko. maonekedwe ake zasintha mwapang'onopang'ono. Poyamba inali nyumba inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a kalata "P", limene linaikidwa mkati doko la zombo zapanyanja lapansi. Mozungulira iye anakumba dzenje, limene lili kumbuyo dambo ndi madera bwino kuonera.

Patapita kanthawi, unali dambo Alexandrovsky m'munda pakati pa mabwalo 3 - St. Isake, Senate ndi Palace. Pa Admiralty sitima wamanga zombo zoposa 300, mpaka chinatsekedwa m'zaka 19 mochedwa, ndipo nyumbayo kwathunthu adzamangidwenso. Zinali ndiye kuti anali "anapeza" spire wake wotchuka. Pa kunalimbikitsa mphepo vane mu mawonekedwe a ngalawa, yokutidwa ndi golide.

Admiralty lero - chipilala wokongola wa classicism oyambirira, mbali ina ya cholowa dziko. St. Petersburg a pakati mbiri limachokera ku Admiralty ndi atatu matabwa divergent wotchuka msewu - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street ndi Voznesensky Prospekt.

Cathedral St. Isake

Pokhala chachinayi m'dziko kukula, Cathedral St. Isaac ku St. Petersburg kale ndi chisoni kwa nyumbayi. Popeza kuti Baibulo loyamba a tchalitchi inamangidwa 1707, ndipo Baibulo chikutha anali opatulidwira ku 1858, kuti pomanga anatenga pafupifupi zaka 150.

Poyamba anali mpingo matabwa anamanga pafupi kwambiri kwa Neva. Mu 1717, iwo anaganiza kuti agule nyumba mwala, koma 1724 kwambiri kuonongeka chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi mtsinje ndi maziko zoipa anapezeka mu tchalitchi. Iwo anayesera kumanganso ndi kulimbikitsa ndi Catherine Ine lamulo, koma pambuyo achire, anamuwotcha ndi kumenya kwa mphezi.

Anaganiza kumanga Cathedral St. Isaac pa Admiralty dambo, kumene anakhala gawo Isake, ndi Senate Square. Polojekiti yatsopanoyi pathupi ndithu yaikulu ndi kowala tiled mu nsangalabwi, koma imfa ya Catherine II inaimitsidwa yomanga pamene nyumbayi inamangidwa pamaso theka.

Amene anakwera wachifumu wa Paulo Ine analamula kuti amalize yomanga tchalitchi mu mwala, kugwiritsa ntchito yotsala ya mabo kwa pomanga nyumba yake. Izi umboni kapangidwe inatsogolera chakuti anayamba mvula pulasitala. Kunafuna kuti kukhazikitsanso latsopano la nyumba, umene kale Alexander I mu 1809 analengeza mpikisano pakati mapulani.

Izo zimayenera kukhala kale Baibulo chachinayi cha Cathedral ku St. Isake. Implementer polojekiti anasankhidwa Montferrand, kupambana amene anali nambala kochuruka kwa lotengeka mu milu maziko (10 caka ca 762), nyumba 40 wazaka ndi ndalama yaikulu nthawi imene wapanga tchalitchi mtengo kwambiri ku Ulaya (23,256,852 rubles., Ndipo kopecks 80.).

Komabe, Cathedral St. Isaac ku St. Petersburg - ndi lero mmodzi wa wokongola kwambiri mu dziko ndipo m'gulu la UNESCO dziko cholowa.

Nevsky Chiyembekezo

Nevsky - ndi Njira yaikulu, kufanizira pakati mbiri ya St. Petersburg. Iwo umachokera 4.5 kukafika ku Admiralty kwa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa, kulumikiza zilumba 4 pa Neva Mtsinje. Kamodzi pathupi waukulu "pershpektiva" a mzinda, Nevsky Prospekt inamangidwa mbali zonse nthawi yomweyo ndipo sanali kupewa zinachitika. Atafika pakati pa omanga anawona cholakwika anapezazo, kotero ali yopuma. Mbali imene inamangidwa mu 1718 ku obisika, otchedwa Neva, ndi gawo la Admiralty, umene unakwaniritsidwa mu 1720, dzina lake "Ambiri pershpektiva".

Mwapang'onopang'ono Nevsky Prospekt zokhalamo za otchuka, nyumba Afilisiti ndi mipingo kwachititsa chakuti lero ndi dziko chokha chachikulu msewu, kumene kuli mipingo yonse 4 zipembedzo Mkhristu ndi nyumba wotchuka amene amapanga malo wotchuka wa St. Petersburg.

Mu Soviet Union, ife tayesera kuti Sinthani dzina msewu, koma maina alibe kupulumuka, kotero Nevsky Prospekt mu nthawi yathu amadziwika komanso Broadway ku New York, ndi Arbat mu Moscow ndi Deribasovskaya ku Odessa.

Malovu a Vasilyevsky Island

Kuti timvetse, izo zikuwoneka ngati likulu wotchuka wa St. Petersburg, zokwanira inu Vasilevsky Island. Ngakhale mu nthawi ya Peter Ine, anaganiza kuti chitukuko "mivi" Vasilyevsky Island.

Mu ntchitoyi, panali kumangidwa, "khumi matabwa" (wapamwamba boma bungwe), ndi Stock Kusinthanitsa, Cathedral ndi Gostiny Dvor, koma kumanga pa malingaliro anali anazindikira bwinobwino. Curiosities zinamangidwa ndi nyumba yachifumu ya Mfumukazi Praskovya Feodorovna, amene chotsatira cha Academy of Sciences.

Pa kum'mwera kwa sukulu utakhazikitsidwa, ndi kumpoto kwa "mivi" anali berths kwa katundu zombo ndi kuwombola komwe amachita zidalengedwa. Palinso pabalaza ndi nyumba bwalo.

M'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa, anaganiza kuti kukonzanso kwa Kusinthanitsa ndi kumanga nyumba yatsopano ya sukulu ya. Chifukwa chilumba anaonekera otchuka chabwino nsanja, imene masiku ano ndi "kuitana khadi" pachilumbachi.

Kutsogolo kwa Neva embankment

The quay koyamba kuti kamodzi anakumana ndi sitima za mayiko ena, otchedwa English. Pang'onopang'ono kumanga ake anali pomwepo lolunjika pa mfundo yakuti iye ndi "nkhope" mumzinda ndi amayendera mfundo ya "pamakoma yothandizira". Pambuyo akukumana ake mu lubwe m'zaka 18 mochedwa anakhala malo ambiri yapamwamba ya mzinda. Apa ndi nyumba zomwe zinali za anthu ambiri laulemerero la Russia Ufumu.

Palace Square

Chifaniziro cha Palace Square unakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Inamangidwa mu 1762 Rastrelli wokongola Zima Palace, moyang'anizana ndi backyards tsidya lina la lalikulu. yomanga ake anayamba ndondomeko yaitali, kuyambira yekha mu 1829 zinalengedwa ndi Carlo Rossi yomanga nyumba yaitali arched mu Europe inatha. Ongokhala nyumba 2 chikugwirizana ndi kupambana Chipilala, nyumba, ndi lero ndi kukwapula kukongola ndi monumentality.

Mu 1834, izo anakhazikitsidwa mu Palace Square Alexander yachiwiri. Mu 40s m'dera anawonjezera likulu nyumba alonda Corps ndi Post pabwalo.

UNESCO cholowa

The lonse pakati wotchuka wa St. Petersburg, Kuwulura umene zilibe kufalitsa kukongola ndi chisomo, zili m'gulu la UNESCO mndandanda cholowa. Mwina ndi m'modzi mwa "wamng'ono" misewu mbiri ya kukula ili pa mndandanda.