Nihilism - ndi chiyani? Kusasamala komanso kukana!

Nihilism ... Kodi chodabwitsa ichi ndi chiyani? Ili ndilo dzina la chiphunzitso chomwe chimanena kuti moyo ndi zenizeni ziri zochepa chabe ndi zozizwitsa, palibe chinthu choposa chivumbulutso. Koma ichi ndi chiphunzitso chokhacho cha nthiti, ntheradi, lingaliro ili likukana kufunikira kwa ubwino, luntha ndi choonadi ndi maziko apamwamba a kukhalapo.

Kupititsa patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu kunayamba m'zaka za zana la XIX chifukwa cha kusakhulupirira kwaumulungu ndi malingaliro okonda chuma. Anthu a ku Nihilists amamatira kumalo owonera kukana kwathunthu, chifukwa iwo analibe choyenera kulemekezedwa. Iwo ankaona kuti zinthu zonse zimakhala zopanda pake, zomwe anthu ankakonda kupembedza, kunyoza magulu omwe amavomerezedwa, amayesa kuswa ndi kukana zonse zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo.

Lingaliro la nthano

Anthu oterewa amadziona okha kuti ndi anthu amene amachitira zinthu zonse molakwika, samadziwa mphamvu, ndipo samatenga mfundo. Kusayeruzika kunachokera kwa anthu osokonezeka kupita ku mania, iwo anali ngakhale manyazi ngati iwo ankagawana nawo maganizo awo ndi winawake. Nihilism - ndi chiyani? Kupanda kutsutsana kapena kutsutsana kwa mfundo? Malinga ndi chithunzithunzi, zolinga zonse za anthu ndi zamoyo chabe zomwe zimachepetsa chidziwitso chaulere cha munthu ndikumuletsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Nihilism amadziwika padziko lino lapansi, ndi ma atomu okha omwe amapanga izi kapena zozizwitsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo ndi kudzikonda ndi kudzipulumutsa, zomwe sizikudziwa chikondi cha uzimu. Zolengedwa zonse, malingaliro a otchulidwa, ndizochabechabe, zosafunikira ndi zopanda pake. Zikuwonekeratu kuti iwo adachitira nkhanza chipembedzocho. Nihilism amakana kuti kuli Mulungu ndi moyo wosafa.

Kuonjezera apo, yankho la funsoli ndiloti: "Nihilism - ndi chiyani?", Mmodzi sangathe kulephera khalidwe lachiwerewere limene amesiya alalikidwa. Iwo sankawona kuti ndi kofunikira kuti akhalebe ndi manyazi amanyazi, chifukwa manyazi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za kufooka.

Makhalidwe a chiyankhulo cha Russian

Malinga ndi malingaliro a nkhanza, chikwati chaukwati ndi banja la magawo onse chinkawoneka ngati chosamvetsetseka komanso chisankho chosafunikira. Chiphunzitso chimenechi chinatsutsa mawonetsedwe oyenerera ndi othandizana nawo. Mu maukwati awo ndi achibale awo, anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi amtendere, amasonyeza kusamvera, ndipo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa uzimu anthu omwe amatsutsana nawo amakhala ovuta kwambiri, osati m'mawu okha komanso m'maganizo: anthu omwe amatsutsa malamulowa ankafuna kunyalanyaza malamulo onse okhudza ubwino ndi ntchito, komanso poyankhulana, komanso momwe amavalira.

Kusayeruzika ndi khalidwe lalikulu lachisipanishi cha Chirasha. Oimira enieniwo adatanthauzira chithunzithunzi - kuti "sichiyenera kunyalanyazidwa, kungolumbira." Choncho, ndizomvetsetseka kuti kusalidwa kwa anthu osakhulupirika kunayambitsa chiwonongeko cha dziko lapansi, ndikusiya chinthu chopanda pake komanso chosasangalatsa. Anthu otchedwa Nihilists ali pafupi ndi chilichonse choipa, iwo amadzazidwa ndi chitonzo kwa chirichonse.

Chiphunzitsochi chimawonekera pokayikira mopambanitsa m'machitidwe odziwika ndi makhalidwe abwino. Palinso lamulo lovomerezeka lalamulo, momwe chinthu choletsedwa ndi lamulo. Mu mtundu uwu wa chikhalidwe, malamulo ovomerezeka sakuwonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino yothetsera chiyanjano.