Ndi kugwirizana a dongosolo zotuluka chiyani? Lingaliro la kasamalidwe khoti ndipo bwalo

Dongosolo Russian milandu lofunika kwambiri pakati pa magulu onse m'dzikolo amene analipo a mphamvu ya boma. Pamaso zimautsa mavuto ofunika pofuna kuteteza ufulu ndi zofuna za nzika. Various Russian makhoti kumva mikangano boma ndi waswa malamulo, ena kuyan'anila ntchitoyi, kuthetsa kusamvana pakati pa mabungwe. Palibe ulamuliro wina nthambi alibe mphamvu zoterezi.

General maonekedwe a anayambitsa

Dongosolo alipo tsopano akuimira mu anatilamula yomanga zombo. Iwo ndi zolinga zofanana ndi zolinga, ndi gulu nchito mfundo zina demokalase. Kachitidwe milandu wamangidwa malinga ndi utsogoleri-Kupititsa ndi dziko boma kugawikana dziko. Malinga Art. 71 mu nkhani sangathe amangosankha anakhazikitsa matupi sinabweretse Pakuti m'chilamulo Federal. Iwo saloledwa kukhazikitsa m'madera a dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mabungwe wogwila boma m'dera lawo.

kapangidwe

pali onse a boma ndi dera mu dongosolo milandu. Atalenga ndipo anathetsa yekha malinga ndi malamulo kapena Chilamulo. Iwo amachita Bwalo lamilandu Lalikulu. malamulo amakhazikitsa ndondomeko yapadera chifukwa chiyembekezo chakuti mabungwe. Choncho, njirayi sangathe anachita mpaka zokhudza khalidwe la bwalo, sati anasamutsa wina nthawi yomweyo. ndi boma:

1. Wapolisi.
2. Zida Mphamvu ya la Russia, makhoti wapamwamba wa oyang'anira zigawo, madera, mizinda kudyetsedwa. mfundo mayiko, zigawo, madera yoyenda yokha / zigawo.
3. Apadera ndi asilikali akuluakulu.
4. SAC, chigawocho ndi boma zotengera malingaliridwe chigamulo, bungwe appellate.

ndi oyang'anira mzindawo:

1. KS nkhani.
2. Oweruza 'mabwalo amilandu.

zodzitetezera

dongosolo milandu alipo lero natenga maonekedwe a ku January 1, 1997 ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chilamulo zogwirizana. The Institute adzakhala kuonetsetsa:

1. Kulamulidwa ndi wamkulu ndi nthambi malamulo.
2. Ufulu wa nzika nawo utsogoleli wa chilungamo.
3. chitetezo Mwaluso ufulu wa munthu ndi nzika mu malamulo wobvomerezedwayo mwa dongosolo.
4. Access kuti Chilungamo anthu onse pa maziko ofanana.
5. Ankamvera akuluakulu milandu, ali wokhoza munthu.
6. Lamanja la mamembala kubwerezanso zochita zonse ndi ziganizo, amene anatenga khoti loyamba.

Iwo saloledwa kukhazikitsidwa zokhudza malamulo, chikadzabadwa, chidzatchedwa zimafika kapena yafupika ufulu wa matupi, ufulu wa akuluakulu yochepa chitetezo cha munthu ndi nzika.

Lingaliro la milandu dongosolo mlingo

matupi angapo mwina mphamvu yunifolomu ndi zatenga udindo ofanana kukonza. akonzedwa Izi mabungwe ndipamene ulalo wa dongosolo milandu. membala matupi ake ndi wokhoza chomwecho. Iwo ndi dongosolo ofanana ndi zikuchokera. Lingaliro la milandu dongosolo lomwe tiyenera kuganizira zitsanzo. Mu Russia, akuluakulu a malamulo ndi mabungwe asilikali popangidwa ndi mbali zitatu. Ndipo choyamba ndi kugwirizana dongosolo yachiwiri yaikulu milandu alipo. Asilikali mabungwe - ndi akuluakulu asilikali. Dongosolo la ulamuliro ambiri - ndi chigawo mabwalo amilandu. Kenako mmwamba ndi zinthu pakati. Dongosolo la chilamulo:

1. Makhoti a mayiko.
2. Regional ndi dera lawo akuluakulu.
3. Makhoti Kukhuta mizinda. makhalidwe.
4. Mabungwe a m'madera yoyenda yokha / malo.

District (zombo) mabwalo - m'ma mlingo asilikali mabwalo amilandu. Mlingo lachitatu m'pake Russian onyamula Mphamvu mu matupi ambiri ulamuliro. Chili ngati Collegium Asilikali a ulalo lachitatu la mabwalo a asilikali.

chigamulo

Ulalo chachikulu cha dongosolo zotuluka mu nkhani iyi - akuluakulu dziko la nkhani. Komanso pali woyamba wapakatikati membala. Iwo chigamulo appellate matupi. The chachiwiri wapakatikati membala protrude circumferential mabwalo (cassation). Mbali yomaliza bolodi mikangano zachuma Russian onyamula Zikuchititsa.

Link mu dongosolo milandu: makhoti

Zimenezi zimathandiza ntchito achindunji chigamulocho milandu. maudindo awo monga:

1. Zochita nyota lapansi.
2. Poona n'loonadi, kumbali ndi zotuluka pa analowa kapena ayi adalowa mphamvu kuchita.

makhoti District ndi mphamvu kutenga zochita pa thunthu la nkhani, amene zazikulu nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mu njira ya Kuthi chigawenga ndidzalimbikitsa ndi wosalakwa kapena mlandu wa nzika za. Zikatero analankhula nkhani ya ntchito kapena osakhala ntchito chilango anapereka yeniyeni Kukwanilitsa muyeso. Poganizira milandu boma, ndi maulalo a dongosolo zotuluka la Russia Mzimuyo unali woyenerera kapena kulephera kutsimikizira mlandu chonena. Komanso anapereka zotsatira kuti ayenera uka. Nthawi chigawenga ndi wachibadwidwe wa Poyamba mwina pafupifupi mabwalo mwa mphamvu anawalola. Zosiyana ndi chigamulo matupi m'maboma ndi mabungwe apilo. Izi zafotokozedwa mu ERPs № 1.

Chongani Anakonza

Mlandu Court la Cassation, komanso pamtima, ndi kuonanso n'loonadi, kumbali ndi zotuluka pa chiweruzo, ziganizo kuphatikizapo. Pankhaniyi, kuganizira ikuchitika onse adalowa sanalowe mu mphamvu zochita. Mu kugwirizana lachiwiri la milandu akhoza anatsutsa zosankha:

1. matupi Regional amene analowa mphamvu. Ufuluwu amayikidwa mu luso. 320 GIC.
2. Malamulo mu mphamvu, kupatula zochita dzuwa. Iwo saloledwa kuti ndikaonekere pansi luso. 376 Code la Civil Kayendesedwe ku bwalo la cassation.

Kukonda (general ulamuliro)

ulamuliro Izi zikhoza kukhala membala aliyense wa milandu. Pamtima zochita anachita vertically. Motero, amachita wa akuluakulu ankaona m'makhoti dera. Solutions asilikali asilikali ndi chigawo boma ali anapempha kuti:

• Zida Mphamvu ya Republic.
• Malire / dera bwalo.
• Chiwalo mzinda kudyetsedwa. makhalidwe.
• yoyenda yokha dera / chigawo bwalo.
• Bulu (chigawo) ulamuliro.

The Judicial Division onyamula Mphamvu, milandu boma, anatumiza amadandaula kuti zinthu amawatenga Poyamba:

1. Sun mayiko.
2. Provincial, madera mabwalo amilandu.
3. Maulamuliro Moscow ndi St. Petersburg.
4. M'mabwalo a m'madera yoyenda yokha / malo.

The Board la apilo ya dzuwa Russia anajambulitsa madandaulo a Sun. Chisankho sanatsutse ayenera munaupereka pa Poyamba. The Appellate Thupi Moscow City Court amamva apilo ku zochita amawatenga kuti milandu zokhudzana ndi kuteteza pafupi / kukopera.

Features poganizira

makhoti Appellate nhiani kapena pang'ono kusintha choncho. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga ulamuliro, izo ikuchitika kungofunsa zonse umboni kapena zoperekedwa. The Chifukwa ndemanga akhoza kukhala imposition njira yatsopano (mu mkangano yapachiweniweni) kapena chilango (mu mlandu).

Oyang'anira

Pamene iwo ali wachiwiri ndi kugwirizana chachitatu cha dongosolo milandu. Makhoti tinapangidwa kuti atsimikizire zoti pafupifupi onse zosankha ndi maweruzo kuti talowa ndipo sanalowe mu mphamvu. Malinga ndi Art. 377 GIC supervisory dandaulo anatumiza:

• The presidium wa dera / dera la Supreme Court la Republic, ndi yoyenda yokha dera / dera.
• Bolodi ya Sun (milandu yapachiweniweni).
• The presidium wa Navy (chigawo) bwalo.
• Komitiyi amamva milandu pamene ndege Russian asilikali.

ulamuliro District

Iwo amachita monga kugwirizana loyamba dongosolo milandu. matupi amenewa anapanga m'boma lililonse, mzinda, oyang'anira tauni ndi yapakati-dera mabungwe akhoza kwaiye m'madera a m'tawuni. Mu makhoti amenewa ankaona namtindi wa milandu ya dziko. competencies Amenewa sakuphatikizapo yopanga (zigawenga ndi yapachiweniweni), anaphatikizapo pansi ulamuliro wa matupi ena a malamulo (mayiko ndi chigamulo). Pa nthawi yomweyo, zopangidwa ndi zochita za mabungwe dera akhoza tibwereze mayunitsi wachiwiri ndi wachitatu dongosolo Russian milandu. Kukhazikitsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito kwa matupi anatsimikiza ndi mtima wonse payokha anatengedwa ndi lamulo la feduro. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chiyembekezo chakuti mabungwe.

matupi dziko

Iwo akuyimira mlingo m'munsi mwa dongosolo. Iwo m'njira wosalira amaonedwa chigawenga, kayendetsedwe ndi yapachiweniweni milandu chikhalidwe zazing'ono. Chinthu chapadera cha mabwalo akuluakulu ndi kuti iwo ali m'gulu la gulu, kutsogozedwa ndi Russian asilikali, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, si laboma. Iwo ndiwo maulamuliro m'nkhani zigawo dziko. Cholinga dziko woweruza ananyamula nthumwi ya kapangidwe ka dera kapena kusankha anthu a m'dera kake. Nthawi ofesi - kwa Mauwa wa osapitirira 5 zaka, lotsatira - zaka zosachepera zisanu. Oweruza a milandu Mtendere akumva okha.

mabungwe asilikali

makhoti amenewa ndi matupi a ulamuliro onse. Zokambirana ikuchitika mu matupi wamkulu boma kumene usilikali ali envisaged. Mapangidwe zombo zikuchitika pa mfundo Kupititsa malinga ndi malo dislocation mbali, kuphatikizapo mayiko kunja. mabungwe asilikali kuthana ndi nkhani ya milandu kuti kungapondereze pa chitetezo cha boma, anthu ndi munthu. Iwo apangidwa kuti ateteze:

1. Public ndi zina mabungwe, nzika amene zokonda akhala linaphwanya mu njira ya ntchito chitetezo atetezedwe.
2. The kuti oyendetsera dziko a dziko.

Russian asilikali

Khoti la Chitaganya cha Russia Supreme ndi malamulo. Iye ukugwira ntchito mu ulamuliro Russian. Institution amapereka mafotokozedwe pa nkhani zina, ali ndi ufulu amasintha malinga ndi zochita malamulo a matupi aliyense wamng'ono wa ulamuliro onse milandu uliwonse. Pa wapolisi ndi EAC ali ndi kanthu malamulo. Zochita anatengedwa ndi Khoti Lalikulu la Chitaganya cha Russia, mawonekedwe / Zionetsero sangakhale.

mphamvu Sun

The Supreme Court ali ndi ufulu:

1. Akuti zikuluzikulu milandu boma ndi boma. Maonekedwe makamaka ikuchitika mikangano anthu ndi kulakwirana zokhudza matupi kasamalidwe ka malamulo, kupatula Okhawo amene ali wokhoza mwa wapolisi wa. Ankamvera ikuchitika Poyamba.
2. Amayang'anira ntchito ya ulamuliro ambiri, kuphatikizapo apadera ndi asilikali.
3. Kufufuza ndi zambiri mchitidwe milandu, kuchita kusanthula zowerengera.

Pankhani ya malemeredwe wa State Duma cha kusintha kwa kuchotsa pulezidenti ofesi, Dzuwa limapereka mfundo za kukhalapo zake zimapanga mlandu. Pamaziko a amatipatsa malamulo, Supreme Court zitha anathetsa ndi Kukonzanso Chilamulo Basic. Nomination wa asilikari mu Mphamvu ya onyamula anagwira SF ndi pulezidenti.

Kulunjika wa uziyenda

ntchito Judicial makamaka anachitika ku dzuwa gulu milandu pa milandu chigawenga kapena ing'ono ing'ono. zikuchokera awo anatsimikiza ndi mfundo imene Plenum za Supreme pa umboni wa wapampando. Chitsanzo choyamba ankaona payekha kapena gulu (osachepera 3 oweruza). Zochita ndi maweruzo akhoza anapempha. zochita zovuta anachita pamaso pa bolodi pempho. Kali ndi zionetsero madandaulo kuti sanalowe mu mphamvu zosankha za matupi dera ndi ofanana. Kukonda gulu limapatsa waswa malamulo ndi yapachiweniweni ngati khoti achiwiri wa amanena kuti zinthu zomwe si koma ogwira mtima ndipo anapanga imodzi matabwa 3 dzuwa Poyamba.

presidium

Ndi thupi collegial. Iwo limapangidwa oweruza 13. misonkhano Presidium umachitika kamodzi pa mwezi. Ankaona kuti vuto ndi njira ya kuyang'aniridwa atangotulukiridwa kumene kapena latsopano zinthu, zipangizo kufufuza ndi generalization mchitidwewu, kusanthula zowerengera. yamtunduwu zimapezekanso nkhani pa gulu la matabwa, ndi Supreme Court chipangizo. Komanso, dzuwa kumathandiza matupi Kumvetsela ku ntchito bwino malamulo.

plenum

Pamafunikanso oweruza onse Sun. Pali za zana. Convocation wa plenum yemwe anachitika kamodzi pa miyezi 4. misonkhano nawo:

• Loya.
• Nduna ya Za Chilungamo.
• Mpando wa matupi wamng'ono.
• Akatswiri asayansi.

Ntchito yaikulu ya Plenum wa kumbali kulingalira zinthu zofufuzira ndi generalization ziwerengero milandu ndi zochita zoimira Loya komanso nduna za chilungamo. Komanso akuluakulu okalamba milandu kumabwalo kupereka mfundo zofotokoza pa nkhani ya malamulo.

wapolisi Russia

The Constitutional Court amachita monga ulamuliro wa supervisory Iwo autonomously ndi paokha umayendetsedwera. Khoti unakhazikitsidwa mu 1991. cholinga chake chachikulu amatumikira chitetezo la Constitutional kuti, ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa munthu ndi nzika, kuonetsetsa zotsatira mwachindunji ndi mphamvu ya malamulo m'dziko lonselo. Khoti limafufuza kuti Chilamulo Basic:

• FZ, SF zolimbana zochita pulezidenti, boma, boma Duma, nkhani RF anatengera kwa ulamuliro olowa.
• Mapangano anapangana ndi matupi a nyumba boma mphamvu ya deralo.
• mapangano mayiko amene sanalowe mu mphamvu.

The Constitutional Court watsimikiza mikangano pa yamtunduwu pakati pa akuluakulu a boma ndi dera, vuto la kuphwanya ufulu oyendetsera dziko ndi ufulu kwa nzika zonse. Pa pempho la akuluakulu ena adzakhala kafukufuku chilamulo ntchito pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Khoti amapereka kulongosola zinthu za malamulo, mapeto za kugwilizana ndi dongosolo la ulaliki wa Pulezidenti wa atamunamizira woukira boma kapena kuchita felony wina. Authority, wakuti kuyambitsa malamulo okhudza nkhani mkati yamtunduwu ake.

Features akaonekere kwa Court Constitutional

The Constitutional Court akhoza kupanga dandaulo, musawononge kapena pempho. Ufulu akaonekere kwa Constitutional Court ndi Russia, anthu opanda unzika ndi malamulo mabungwe, amene amanena kuti zofuna zawo yovomerezeka chosakayikitsa Chilamulo Basic zisakuyenda kapena kutetezedwa ndi lamulo kunachitika kugwira boma bungwe kapena boma. The suti ayenera kutsatira amazilamulira, komanso sanali boma kulembetsa gulu. Kuphunzira ntchito ikuchitika ndi akatswiri a dipatimenti wapolisi secretariat. Atatero anatumiza bwalo tcheyamani kapena wachiwiri wake.