Ndi dera lymph mfundo ziti?

Palibe wina anganene kuti anthu ofunika kwambiri ndi awiri inakula machitidwe - magazi ndi lymph. Ndi kulemekeza dongosolo lonse magazi momveka bwino: izo akuchita mayendedwe mpweya ndi carbon dioxide, zakudya ndipo thupi mankhwala linanena bungwe kwa impso, khungu, mapapo ndi ziwalo zina, komanso thermoregulation magazi ofunda .. Choncho, kuti Musaone kufunika kwake ku moyo wa chamoyo n'zosathekadi, koma osati wosalemekezeka, ndi dongosolo lymphatic. Lymph - madzi chigawo chimodzi cha magazi, ndipo dongosolo lakonzedwa lymph ngalande, yokonza homeostasis, kubwezeretsanso lymphocytes magazi ndi kumagwira chitetezo chokwanira humoral ndi ma. dongosolo Lymphatic tichipeza mwanabele ndi zotengera, amene yagawidwa mfundo dera lymph.

Dongosolo lymphatic

Achikhalire lonse la nyumba ya dongosolo ukufanizidwa nthambi zopezera ziwiya (capillaries, makungwa, ducts), mmene muli achuluka zisindikizo - dera kapena dera mfundo. Pamene dongosolo madzi aziyenda m'thupi, dongosolo lymphatic ndi udindo achire wa particles madzi insoluble, colloidal ndi inaimitsidwa njira ya zimakhala. Mu lymphonodes dera accumulations wa lymphocytes kuwononga zoipa zinthu kukwaniritsa m'thupi (zoteteza) ntchito.

Lymph mfundo mu dongosolo

Lymph mfundo - ichi mapangidwe anatomic a mtundu pinki, zofewa ndi zotanuka pa palpation. Childs, impso woboola pakati, kutalika kwa millimeters 0.5 50. Lymph mfundo ili imodzi kapena magulu, ndipo n'zofunika anatomical ziwalo. Iwo yodziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana payekha, koma ndi zaka loyandikana mfundo akhoza kuphatikiza. Mfundo zimene woyamba mu njira ya zida za lymphatic dongosolo, onyamula lymph ku dipatimenti makamaka kapena bungwe (dera), anatchula dera, kapena dera mwanabele.

Lymph mfundo munthu

Chiwerengero za "Zosefera" thupi payekha, koma pafupifupi awo ku 400 1000. Kuti timvetse kumene dera lymph mfundo, kudzakuthandizani chiwembu zotsatirazi.

Lymph mfundo moyo wa munthu kuwayalanso, kusintha mawonekedwe awo ndi dongosolo. Ndi zaka, chiwerengero chawo yafupika ndi maulendo 1.5-2, iwo akhoza ophatikizidwa kapena m'malo mwa connective ndi mafuta minofu. Mfundo kukhala kuwoloka kwa lymph ndi manja. Choncho, yafupika mlingo wa ayankhe m'thupi ndi kukana ambiri matenda.

Ntchito ya mwanabele

Kuwonjezera sefa, mbali ya dongosolo lymphatic amachita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• mwachindunji mapangidwe mayankho m'thupi (yopanga T-lymphocytes ndi phagocytes);
• amadzimadzi kukhalabe homeostasis;
• ngalande za madzimadzi interstitial;
• nawo kagayidwe zofunika mapulotini, mafuta, chakudya.

Mitundu ya mfundo dera lymph

Magulu a mwanabele imakonzedwa kuti asalalikire mayendedwe a matenda. Kupeza magulu awa a mfundo dera lymph:

• mediastinal (thoracic);
• bronhopulmonologicheskie;
• chigongono ndi popliteal;
• ndulu;
• paraortalnye;
• bryzzheykovye.
• iliac;
• inguinal ndi femoral.

Kuwonjezeka mfundo dera lymph zimasonyeza vuto m'deralo "Services" wagawo, chomwe ndi chizindikiro mu matenda a matenda.

Kapangidwe ka mfundo lymph

Anatomically, kapangidwe ali ndi dongosolo lobed. Aliyense mfundo aphimbidwa ndi minofu connective kapisozi. Brain (kunja) ndi yokhudza kotekisi (mkati) zakuthupi anagawa trabeculae kapena crossbars.

The medulla lili follicles, amene B lymphocytes kukumana kusasitsa ndi zosiyanasiyana za Antigen. The kotekisi lili makamaka T-lymphocytes kuti apa, nawonso, zipse ndi kusiyanitsidwa. Lymph mfundo kwaiye ayankhe zimakumana antigens achilendo, zomwe zimabweretsa mu sinusoidal ducts lymph. The ducts macrophage maselo pamwamba TACHIMATA, lomwe vuto - chiwonongeko cha zinthu mlendo.

M'madera pakhomo lymphatic chotengera ali kuganiza - zipata. Sine makapisozi - slits chapadera pakati pa kapisozi ndi crossbeams - lymph akulowa kapisozi kotekisi ndi medulla, kupita ku chipata ndi mu nkusani outputting chotengera. Podutsa kukonza mfundo ndi osasankhidwa lymph.

Mitundu ya mwanabele

Conventionally, pali mitundu itatu ya nyumba deta:

• anachita mofulumira yomwe m'dera kotekisi kakang'ono kuposa ubongo. Anadzazidwa mofulumira kwambiri.
• Yaying'ono dongosolo kapena ayankhe pang'onopang'ono - ndi kotekisi kuposa oziziritsa lapansi.
• Wapakatikati - onse zinthu (kotekisi ndi ubongo) ndi kuwonetsa yofanana.

The predominance munthu wa mtundu winawake wa mfundo dera lymph anthu kumadalira mphamvu ya mankhwala khansa.

Kuwononga dongosolo la

Mu wathanzi chamoyo, ndi lymph mfundo si kowawa ndipo pafupifupi palpable. Ngati dera lymph mfundo ndi kukula, ndi zimasonyeza osasamalika a m'dera limene dongosolo lino ikunena. Kukula kukula ndi mwachikondi m'dera malo angasonyeze pamaso pa matenda tizilombo (nsungu, chikuku, chikuku) kapena matenda connective minofu (nyamakazi, la misempha). Nato chotupa cha mfundo dera lymph ali anamuona pa lymphedema, lifangiome, lymphosarcoma, lymphadenitis, TB, HIV, ndipo mu gawo ina ya zotupa za kansa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba chizindikiro cha nkhawa, ayenera pitani kuchipatala. Kwa matenda a boma la kafukufuku zolondola kwambiri lero ndi US dera lymph mfundo.

Pamene pitani kuchipatala

Kuwonjezeka wagawo - chifukwa kuwona dokotala (immunology, matenda opatsirana, Oncology). Koma si mantha - zambiri chikhalidwe ichi amagwirizana ndi chotupa matenda, kuli ndi khansara.

• Pamene purulent kutupa mu zimakhala wa tizilomboto bala kulowa lymph mfundo, kuchititsa lymphadenitis - pachimake yotupa ndondomeko. Ngati mulibe kutsegula mfundo zamafinya zinangoti angathe cellulitis - vuto lalikulu ndi chophukacho wa mfundo lymph.
• zosiyanasiyana TB nthawi zonse chifukwa kutupa lymph mfundo ( "zoyipa mfumu" otchedwa) nthawi zambiri m'dera khosi.
• Mfundo achuluke pa matenda a Bartonella ndi matenda mphaka zikande. Onyamula nyongolosi ndi amphaka. Kuwonjezeka mayunitsi ndi sanali kuchiritsa mabala ayenera kuchenjeza makolo.
• Nthawi zambiri, lymph mfundo kuonjezera ndi SARS chifukwa cha nkhondo thupi ndi achilendo HIV. Pa mayunitsi kuchira ndi kubwerera mwakale.
• M'dera inguinal kuwonjezeka mfundo amaganizira matenda opatsirana pogonana (chindoko).

Komanso malangizo a ultrasound ndi, adokotala akhoza amanena kuti wodwala wathunthu magazi okwanira, immunogram, kuyezetsa HIV ndi dera lymph mfundo puncture m'dera akhudzidwa.

Kodi US

Panthawi yake ndiponso Mkhalidwe kafukufuku Mzimuyo chithandizo zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo akhoza kupulumutsa osati thanzi, komanso moyo wa wodwalayo. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kusintha mfundo minofu dongosolo, matenda magazi zotupa kutanthauzira, minofu Echo osalimba. Mu phunziro atengedwa ndi kuti zokhudzana zizindikiro: kuzizira, zopweteka thupi, kusowa tulo, kusowa chilakolako mutu. Yolondola zotsatira ultrasound wa kafukufukuyu si mkulu. Zolakwa kutanthauzira mwina chifukwa pamaso pa abscess kapena chotupa mu malo a phunziroli. Zikatero, kusankha kuunikidwa zina: kulingalira kapena biopsy. Ultrasound mosamala mwanabele alibe contraindications, si irradiate osati kovulaza thanzi.

Regional lymph mfundo ya m'mawere

Dongosolo lymphatic wa m'mawere akuyimira m'madipatimenti mwa thupi ndi kunja. Dongosolo mkati ukufanizidwa ndi minofu mafuta, capillaries ndi choyenera chifuwa parenchyma. The dera lymph mfundo akuyamwitsa axillary, subclavian ndi parasternal lymph mfundo. Kuwonjezeka axillary mfundo ndi chosadziwa mwachikondi - akukulirakulira chizindikiro kuposa pamaso pa edema ndi zopweteka kwambiri palpation. Sabweretsa chisoni kutupa mu mfundo amasonyeza isanayambike metastasis a zotupa zilonda.

lymph Regional mfundo chithokomiro

Malo dera kunyamula chithokomiro mfundo khosi ndi zimene zili pambuyo breastbone lapansi. Kutupa umayamba ndi kuwonjezeka mfundo kutupa ndi kuzikonda kwa palpation. Pankhaniyi, kutenga matenda kapena metastasis khansa ndi oopsa moyandikana ndi ubongo.

Kufala kwa zotupa khansa

maselo a khansa kufalikira mu thupi m'njira zotsatirazi:

• hematogenous njira (Mitsempha);
• lymphogenous njira (kudzera ziwiya lymphatic, lymph mfundo kupyolera);
• wosanganiza njira.

Lymph mfundo pakhosi - chotchinga chachikulu matenda ndi zotupa pa mutu; mfundo armpit kuteteza mabere, manja, masamba phewa. Kutupa kwa mfundo inguinal zingasonyeze kutupa thumba losunga mazira, chindoko, ndi coleitis matenda a m'matumbo, appendicitis ndi nyamakazi. Pamene kutupa mu m'kamwa zibowo zam'mano ndi mlomo khansa, nsagwada kapena lilime kumawonjezera submandibular lymph mfundo. Cancer zotupa mu m'mimba lymph metastases mfundo kupereka minofu sternocleidomastoid.

Cancer ndi lymph

Kuti kuwonjezeka mu zotengera dera lymph mukhoza kuweruza magawo koyamba malignancies. M'dziko Oncology pa imfa lero, yokha pathologies mtima. The World Health Organization amaneneratu kuwonjezeka mu nthawi 2 imfa ku pathologies zilonda mu zaka makumi awiri. Nazi mfundo zingapo zimene zikuyendera.

Pafupifupi 25% a milandu onse a khansa chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi B ndi anthu papilloma HIV.

Gawo lachitatu la imfa khansa zogwirizana magwero zakudya za chiopsezo. kunenepa ichi, otsika mtengo wa zipatso ndi masamba chakudya, asamapereke, kumwa mowa ndi kusuta fodya kumachitira.

Pakati pathologies oncological kutsogolera khansa ya m'mapapo, kumutsatira: khansa chiwindi, m'matumbo rectum, m'mimba ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Zizindikiro apamwamba imfa wamwamuna kum'mawa ndi chigawo chapakati ku Ulaya, ndi akazi amene amamwalira ndi matenda a kansa kum'mawa Africa.

Malinga WHO, chaka chilichonse ana oposa 200,000 kudwala matenda oncological mu dziko.

Health - mphatso ya mtengo wapatali kuti inu simungathe kugula kapena kubwereka. Munthu aliyense amene akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika ndi zimakhala zina udindo, ayenera kusamalira thanzi lanu. Today kukhala wathanzi - ndi yapamwamba, kukhala mu azimuth. kudya wathanzi, chitani zotheka, kuleka zizolowezi zoipa - zonsezi si kudwala, ndi kuthandiza thupi lanu. Komabe, pa zizindikiro woyamba ndi zizindikiro za dongosolo lymphatic pamafunika kukaonana ndi dokotala. mwayi yake, kuyendera khalidwe ndi matenda yolondola - chinsinsi chithandizo bwino, kubwerera ku thanzi labwino komanso moyo wautali.