Naomi nthawi lamba: zotsatira ndi chochita lotsatira?

Zaka 20 zapitazo pafupifupi makina anaika nthawi unyolo pagalimoto. Ntchito malamba imodzi pa nthawi chifukwa ziziyenda ambiri anazunguzika. Ndipo palibe munthu anakhoza ngakhale pang'ono kuti mu zaka pang'ono ndi kapangidwe limeneli lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magalimoto amakono onse. Opanga pofotokoza mfundo yakuti lamba, mosiyana ndi unyolo ndi zochepa phokoso, ali ndi dongosolo losavuta ndi yaing'ono kulemera. Komabe, palibe amakhala kwamuyaya. Kodi ngati chinang'ambika nthawi lamba? Pa osati - Patapita m'nkhani ino.

Kusiyana kwa galimoto unyolo

Pa ntchito ya galimoto unyolo pafupifupi palibe avale. Iye ali basi kwambiri ndi injini yokha. Inde, zambiri phokoso, nthawi zina anatambasula Koma mosiyana ndi lamba sadzatero kuzembera ndi restarts wake. siziyenera dera la Tambasula. Pankhaniyi lamba ayenera nthawi omangika. Ndipo yosayenera kutambasula zingachititse kupotoza pa mano. Chifukwa cha ichi, galimoto ya sizigwira ntchito, ndipo amafotokozera gwero ali kwambiri yafupika.

Kodi mavavu chinyengo?

Pakati ziziyenda pali maganizo kuti ngati nthawi "Reno" lamba anathyola, pomwepo kukakamiza mavavu. Chifukwa china choona. Koma osati nthawi zonse. Izi zidalira pa zovuta za kamangidwe engine. Ngati izi "shesnar" ndithudi adzakhala maondo valavu. Cars umene 2 mavavu pa yamphamvu (polowera ndi kubwereketsa, motero), amaonedwa wodalirika kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi. Koma ndiye kachiwiri, pali kuchotserapo (Mwachitsanzo, Soviet "eyiti", 1.3-lita carburetor). Pankhani ya unyolo zinthu zambiri mosavuta. Iye ayamba mphete. Ndipo phokoso izi apitirize kwa nthawi yaitali - chimodzi, ziwiri, makilomita zikwi zitatu. Mpaka ndiye, mpaka mwini galimoto satopa cha phokoso, ndipo sadzabwera kuganiza kuti chinachake cholakwika apa. Unyolo, monga kuyenera lamba, ndi kwambiri "akhama" pankhaniyi.

Kodi zimenezi?

Ngati inu anathyola lamba nthawi, zotsatira angathe kukhala osiyana. Monga tidanena kale, izo zidalira pa kapangidwe mphamvu unit. Pano mukhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi mfundo za "chosavuta galimoto, m'pamenenso m'chitetezo izo ziri." Pamene injini ndi pa TDC vavu pisitoni ukufika pansi, palibe chichitike. Pankhaniyi, ngati nthawi lamba analiphwanya okha kugula mankhwala akhoza zinafotokozedwa ndalama. mavavu onse sizisintha, popanda kuwononga ndodo Masamu. Koma si nthawi zonse wosweka lamba amapezeka ndi kusonkhanitsa pang'ono. Ngati galimoto yanu ntchito mwa kuli nthambi ziwiri kudya ndi utsi pa yamphamvu (Chomwe chiri chokhumudwitsa koposa kwa magalimoto pansi 2000s ndi), n'zokayikitsa okwezeka iwo patsogolo. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi kapangidwe walangizidwa kuwonjezeka mphamvu. Komabe, ngati nthawi lamba anathyola, zotsatira zake zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Mu nkhani iyi, camshafts (zomwe awiri) kusiya pa udindo pa zimene breakage zinachitika. Flywheel, analimbikitsa ndi inertia, ndi crankshaft imazungulira, chifukwa muli ndi kugunda kwa ndodo pisitoni. Ngati kulephera limapezeka pa zachabezo ndi ndale, kodi Usatong'olere zinthu 2-3. Ngati nthawi lamba (16 mavavu) anathyola pa njanji (ndi pa liwiro Kumwambamwamba, amene akupezeka 90 peresenti milandu), mbali zonse za goli mosachotsera. M'malo iwo, pamafunika dismantling mutu yamphamvu. Koma ngakhale panali unakhota ndi zinthu zochepa, akatswiri amavomereza kusintha lonse vavu msonkhano. Komanso imathamanga deform chitsogozo bushings. Motero, pamafunika m'malo kapena kukonza zodula yamphamvu. Ngati liwiro ndi liwiro ndi lalikulu kwambiri, zingakhale zokwanira deform ndi pisitoni anakumana ndi valavu. Tikonze safuna m'lingaliro - chabe mmalo.

ndi Motors kwambiri wosadalirika pa breakage chiyani?

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, chizolowezi mkulu mapindikidwe ndi kuwonongeka ndi DOHC injini, komanso mayunitsi ku opanga Japanese ( "Nissan", "Toyota", "Subaru"). Mophweka kwambiri choncho odalirika - izo vosmiklapannye injini ndi camshaft umodzi (SOHC). Zakonzedwa kuti "Nexia", "Lanos" ndi "Lacetti".

dizilo

Kaya mantha nkhani za injini aliyense eight- ndi shestnadtsatiklapannye petulo, ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri nawobe mayunitsi dizilo. Chifukwa zovuta kapangidwe mavavu pa TDC ali kusuntha. Choncho, ngati nthawi lamba kuthyoka injini dizilo, padzakhala mapindikidwe angapo a mfundo. Iwo camshafts kubala ndodo (monga mukuonera pamwambapa) ndi pushers. Komanso phunziro kwa yamphamvu chipika m'malo.

zifukwa

Pali zifukwa zambiri, chifukwa cha zimene breakage akupezeka:

• Lumikizanani ndi mafuta ndi mphira ❖ kuyanika ndi dothi. Pofuna kupewa izi zisachitike, mfundo mosamala anatseka nyumba pulasitiki, umene uli mbali zonse chamangiriridwa. Mu nkhani ya breakage kapena m'malo mchitidwe zambiri deform a casing chifukwa chimene zinthu zakunja angalumikizaniranenso kupeza padziko limagwirira lapansi.
• Normal avale mchitidwe kapena chipango.
• Mphero madzi mpope, kapena "mpope" wamba. Iwo kumagwirizana ndi ntchito imeneyi limagwirira.
• Mphero tensioning wodzigudubuza, camshaft kapena crankshaft. Chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa yotsirizira awiri ndi zovuta, amene si anati za mpope kapena wodzigudubuza.

m'malo

Ngati chinang'ambika nthawi lamba (kapena lina galimoto Vaz izo - zilibe kanthu), chinthu choyamba - wakhala chinthu chatsopano. Nawo mwa zifukwa ziwiri, kuyankhula za m'malo yayandikirayo.:

• Natural zoti likuwonongeka. Opanga amalangiza m'malo amafotokozera kuchita kamodzi pa makilomita 80 chikwi. Komabe, pali milandu pamene lamba "nasamalidwa" kwa 150-200 zikwi popanda mapindikidwe ndi whistles. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti akhoza kukwaniritsa mmalo nthawi yosatha. Ndi zinadzala ndi kukonza mtengo.
• Mawotchi kuwonongeka. dongosolo lamba mwina imawonongeka chifukwa cha zolakwa zazikulu pa unsembe. zikusiyana Izi zinasonyeza, osakwanira kapena kwambiri tensioning amafotokozera. Komanso akugwera lamba (zambiri chabe kuwuluka) ndi ulendo yogwira "kudula", amene anatsagana ndi braking mwadzidzidzi. Ngati makina "prochipovana" kuchepetsa cutoff, zikuoneka wosweka lamba. Kotero musati zambiri amapotoza galimoto m'mikhalidwe aakulu katundu.

Ntchito yothandizira m'pofunika kulabadira mlingo wa mavuto amafotokozera, ndi kumangitsa ngati n'koyenera. Kupezeka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ming'alu mu pamwamba pake ndi zosayenela. Mwa njira, nedotyanuty lamba kuwuluka kuchokera chizindikiro. Pankhaniyi, kuthawa pakati pa mfundo pa camshaft sprocket ndi nyumba adzakhala centimeter kuposa wina.

kupewa

Kuti mwadzidzidzi chinang'ambika nthawi lamba (8 mavavu), muyenera kutsatira chikhalidwe chake structural ndi kumvera injini. Ngati muli ndi kukayika kulikonse, kulabadira limagwirira mpweya kufalitsidwa. Kumbukirani kuti m'malo lamba ndi zosavuta ndi mtengo kuposa yokonza injini. Ngati apanga squeaks khalidwe kapena sags pamene galimoto ndi anangotsika, ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba wolankhula m'malo ake. Ena madalaivala kukhulupirira kuti "kutenthedwa." Izi ndi bodza - lamba ayenera ntchito bwino ndi masekondi loyamba kuyambira injini. Simuyenera kukokera - chingwe amatha kutambasula, motero kutaya mphamvu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, yopuma lamba kapena Timitengo ndi zolemba. Ngati azipumira, osalephera inu anaika mbali zosalongosoka. Kuti panalibe wedges migodi ndi mpope, musati overheat injini ndipo yesetsani ntchito mu zovuta mode masewera.

Mtengo wa ntchito

Ngati chinang'ambika nthawi lamba (2112 makamaka) popanda kupinda mavavu ndi mtengo wa m'malo adzakhala 500 rubles. Koma pansi luso zina mukhoza kuchita ndi manja anu. Choncho, kusokonezeka bajeti si kuposa rubles chikwi. Komabe, Ndi bwino kuonanso mmene impeller mpope ndi tensioner pulley - ayenera atembenuza bwino, popanda phokoso, ndi kusewera. Ngati panali mphero ndipo amafuna vavu m'malo ndi kukonza chipika yamphamvu, mtengo wa ntchito angafikire 40-50 zikwi rubles. Ngati ndi galimoto chakale yachilendo, mosavuta kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi disassembly wa injini - mu zina kwenikweni mtengo kukonza chimodzi. Chabwino, kupewa vuto limeneli, kutsatira zinthu Tambasula ndi chikhalidwe chake structural, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kusunga intervals m'malo a makilomita 60-80 zikwi. Ngakhale patapita nthawi kuti lamba si ngozi (popanda deformations ndi phokoso extraneous), sadzakhala superfluous kusewera izo otetezeka, wakhala chinthu chatsopano mu malo ake.

Choncho tidadzatulukira zoyenera kuchita ngati nthawi lamba linathyoka.