Mycotoxicoses - izo ... Kupewa mycotoxin

Zinyalala mankhwala a bowa ena angabweretse ngozi kwa munthu ndi nyama. Pali chinthu monga mycotoxicoses. Izi gulu lapadera la matenda kuti chikanachitika chifukwa mavuto poizoni - mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya wa bowa nkhungu.

ndi chiopsezo cha nkhungu Kodi

tizilombo Awa ndi maganizo mayiko onse a dziko lathuli, ndi poizoni iwo amapanga kuwononga ndithu kuti chuma onse (chifukwa cha kuwonongeka zinthu), komanso thanzi la munthu ndi nyama. Zamgululi kukhala osayenera kudya, kukoma kwawo ndi makhalidwe ena organoleptic poipa zikuchepa. Bowa, zomwe mwina hule chitukuko cha nkhungu, bowa anawagawa majeremusi (chodabwitsa zikhalidwe moyo) ndi saprophytes (ali pa umoyo wa zomera akufa). Zikhalidwe mulingo woyenera kutsegula awo - kutentha, chinyezi mpweya kwa 95% chakudya chinyezi pafupifupi 30%. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mycotoxin (pali pafupifupi 250) akhoza kuyamba umoyo wawo ndi zokolola, ndi pa mayendedwe kapena kusunga cholakwika. Ngati nyama chakudya, matenda a mafangasi a nkhungu, nyama, mkaka zimakhala zosiyanasiyana tizilombo amenewa. Pankhaniyi, Mwina chotenga kachilombo, ndi munthu amene ntchito mankhwala amenewa. nyama mycotoxicosis akhoza kuwawononga. Koma palibe kuyan'anila zochepa kwambiri zingachititse deta poizoni anthu.

mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mycotoxins

Amatha kuumba ndi kungasokoneze kwambiri pa pafupifupi machitidwe onse a thupi. Ena mwa iwo amayambitsa matenda aakulu, ena kusokoneza ntchito ya ubongo. Dermatitis, thupi lawo siligwirizana, dysbiosis - izi mwina zizindikiro kwambiri chosaopsa zomwe zingachititse mycotoxicoses ndi matenda a mafangasi. matenda amenewa lingachititse chitukuko cha dystrophy aimpso, gout, maganizo, kuwononga zida, komanso kuyambitsa maonekedwe a zotupa. A ambiri tizilombo izi zimakhudza kakulidwe ka mwana wosabadwayo mu amayi apakati. Mfundo ina yofunika - amatha kulimbikitsa chibadwa zida.

Aflatoxins. Mavuto obwera chifukwa cha poyizoni

The tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ambiri kuphunzira za matenda a mafangasi a mikotoksikozov matumbo - A.flavus, aflatoxins. Akhoza kukhala mu chimanga, tirigu, mpunga, nyemba koko, khofi, masamba ndi zipatso. Kwenikweni deta poizoni anapeza mbewu, mu nthawi zina mankhwala nyama - nyama, mkaka, mazira (mpaka 1 mg / kg). Ngakhale wochepa aflatoxins amatha kungasokoneze pa ana aang'ono. Akatswiri anakhazikitsa kugwirizana pakati pa chitukuko cha khansa chiwindi chachikulu, ndi gulu ili la poizoni. Ngati aflatoxin nthawi zonse kulowa thupi, munthu akhoza kuona kuwonda. Ana m'mbuyo kukula. Nthawi zambiri, wothandizila zimenezi zimachititsa nyama mycotoxicosis - nkhumba, ng'ombe ndi mbuzi. Ndi tcheru aflatoxins ndi abakha, turkeys, atsekwe. Pamene matenda aakulu a imfa zotheka 30% mpaka 100% ya chonse cha anthu.

Fuzariotoksiny. zizindikiro za kuledzera

Ngati mbewu nyengo yachisanu pansi mpira wa matalala, chiopsezo chachikulu cha Fusarium bowa. mankhwala ake a kagayidwe ndi khola ndithu. Fuzariotoksiny silinawonongedwe m'kati otentha, ndi mkulu mankhwala kukana. Komanso kusungidwa mu mbewu oposa chaka chimodzi. poizoni izi chifukwa matenda monga angina septic. Choyamba, pali zizindikiro za zilonda zapakhosi, ambiri penapake poipa. Ndiye woyera achiyesa maselo a magazi akutsikira kwambiri (pafupifupi 10 nthawi). Komanso utachepa hemoglobin, totupa khalidwe uonekere pa khungu. Pa nthawi, kusiyana necrotizing ndondomeko. Choncho, matenda a mafangasi, mycotoxicoses - ichi ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri zofuna mankhwala woyenera ndi mankhwala. Tirigu zakhudzana fuzariotoksinami, Mulimonsemo si abwino anthu mowa onse anthu ndi zinyama. Ntchito yekha kwa processing luso (mwachitsanzo, mu kupanga mowa mafakitale).

Ergotism. Zizindikiro zoyambirira

bowa wina, chimene chingathe kumenya mbewu, - Claviceps purpurea. Chambiri bakiteriya ali ndi mdima wofiirira mtundu. Angayambe pa spikelets rye, tirigu. Ngati njere bwinobwino kuchapidwa wa ergot, ndi poizoni akumasulidwa mwachindunji mu ufa. Kuphika kwa zomangira zingachititse ergotism. Pa nthawi yomweyo zingamvekere ziwalo dongosolo m'mimba. Onetsani zizindikiro zonse poyizoni - nseru, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba. A mtundu choopsa cha matenda yodziwika ndi matenda kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, ndi kuona zilubwelubwe. N'zotheka ndi gangrenous mawonekedwe, mmene muli necrosis wa malekezero, nkhope. Chithandizo Pankhaniyi symptomatic walangizidwa kuchotsa kuledzera. Yoyamba njira ya kulimbana ergot ndi mokwanira yoyeretsa ya mbewu.

Stahibotriotoksikoz

Mycotoxicoses deta - awa ndi matenda amene ambiri mwa nyama ali osowa anthu. The causative wothandizila - poizoni bowa Stachybotrys alternans. Stahibotriotoksikoz - chikhalidwe kwambiri a akavalo, ng'ombe ndi nkhuku. Chithunzi matenda chiri motere: pali kutupa kapepala kakuti m'mimba, ndiyeno - necrotic zotupa a dongosolo m'mimba. Mukhale pachimake mtima kulephera, agranulocytosis. matenda ena amene amakhudza dongosolo mtima wa nyama - dendrodohpotokeikoz. Mbali ya matenda ndi panopa ake mofulumira, chifukwa imfa ya nyama amapezeka.

mycotoxins ena owopsa

Ndi chimodzimodzi oopsa mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya wa bowa ndi ochratoxin A, patulin. Choyamba kalasi poizoni kubala bowa Penicillium, Aspergillus. Pakuti kaphatikizidwe ake amafuna chinyezi mkulu wa mankhwala (osachepera 22%). Chotero mycotoxicoses - ndi chiphe nyama, chakhungu impso ntchito anthu. Komanso, ochratoxin, kufalitsidwa magazi, ndipo amatha kudutsa mu mkaka wa m'mawere. Laboratory maphunziro kutsimikizira zotsatira zake carcinogenic. Patulin amasonkhana makamaka zipatso, zipatso. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti poizoni izi kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha, choncho angathe kuonedwa ndi kukonzedwa mankhwala yovunda. Makamaka zambiri patulin mu madzi apulo. Zotsatira amene amayambitsa poizoni poizoni, aakulu mokwanira. Izi ndi ubongo edema, ndi kukanika aimpso, m'mapapo.

Kupewa kudzikundikira poizoni zomera

Kuchepetsa mycotoxicoses, kupewa maonekedwe awo ayenera zikuphatikizapo zinthu zotsatirazi. Bzalani kuswana - ndi njira ya kulimbana bowa. Development wa kukonza majini kungatithandize kukhala ndi kukana mkulu tizilombo chikhalidwe. Mfundo yachiwiri ndi ntchito bwino ndi umisiri ulimi. Kololani iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa motsatira malamulo okhazikika. Anasintha mankhwala a mbewu ndi yovuta. Choyamba muyenera kuyeretsa mankhwala akhudzidwa kwa nyengo. Kusungiramo zopangira ziyenera kuperekedwa m'madera bwino mpweya wokwanira, sibwino upambana ndi pakhomo chinyezi zikhalidwe. Nkofunika kugwira ntchito zomwe cholinga chake ndicho chiwonongeko cha makoswe, tizilombo m'madera yosungirako tirigu. Isanafike mankhwala processing kukumana zasayansi kuyezetsa pamaso pa mycotoxins. Ngati angapezeke m'pofunika kuyeretsa zopangira kapena kusuta kwake kwathunthu kwa kupanga.

Kupewa mycotoxin panyumba

Mycotoxicoses - matenda amene nthawi zambiri amakhala aakulu. Kudziunjikira poizoni okha patapita nthawi zina amayamba disabling thupi lathu. Choncho, chilengedwe m'banja n'kofunika kwambiri kupewa chitukuko cha amatha kuumba pa chakudya. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti chinthu chachikulu chomwe kumapangitsa kukula kwa tizilombo awa ndi chinyezi mkulu ndi kutentha. Zakudya kumawononga msanga, m'pofunika bwinobwino. Poyamba chizindikiro cha nkhungu pa ntchito yawo bwino kukana. Sikuti onse nkhungu - ndi ngozi ziphe. Komabe, pachiswe umoyo wawo akali sikuthandiza. lamulo limeneli likukhudza zipatso, masamba, katundu zowotcha sachedwa chifukwa ndi umatetezera ena. Pet chakudya ayenera mosamala anayendera. Ngati anapeza mbewu kachilombo chakudya chakudya ndi kale unusable. mycotoxicoses chakudya angathe kuchititsa mavuto aakulu kwa nyama ndi mbalame.