Microcontroller ESP8266: kulumikiza ndi configuring

Ambiri owerenga kale anatha kuweruza kwake kwa ESP8266-12 Chip anamasulidwa ndi Espressif. Mtengo wa ndi mtengo kuposa muyezo khadi Bluetooth-adaputala, ndi pa miyeso ang'onoang'ono, iye wakhala mbali zambiri. Tsopano mafani onse kunyumba ndi mwayi ntchito zopezera Wi-Fi mu modes awiri, ndiye kulumikiza kompyuta mfundo iliyonse mwayi kapena monga ngati mfundo.

Komano, muyenera kumvetsa bwinobwino zimene makadi si Chikopa, cholinga yekha kulankhulana kudzera Wi-Fi. Lokha ESP8266 pawokha ndi microcontroller, amene ali UART yake, GPIO ndi SPI-mawonekedwe, mwachitsanzo, akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida azikapanga okha-munali. Ambiri pambuyo Chip otchedwa izo kusintha woona, ndipo pa nthawi, makina onga adzamangira ngakhale mitundu ofunika kwambiri a sayansi, koma malingana ngati chipangizo ali watsopano ndi fimuweya khola pa izo siziri. Akatswiri ambiri padziko lonse akufuna kuyambitsa fimuweya anu, chifukwa kuzikwaniritsa kuyang'anira kwenikweni si yovuta, koma ngakhale mavuto osiyanasiyana, chipangizo tsopano angatchedwe abwino kwambiri ntchito.

Pa nthawi, timaona yachiwiriyo yekha ntchito gawo ili:

• Ntchito bolodi osakaniza ndi microcontroller zina, kapena kompyuta, yomwe idzachitike mwa UART ulamuliro gawo.
• Independent kulemba fimuweya kwa Chip, amene amalola ndiye kuti ntchito monga gulu kudzikonda zili.

Sizachilendo kwa taganizirani fimuweya wodzilamulira mu nkhani iyi, ife sadzatero.

Kuyang'ana chomasuka ntchito ndi ntchito zabwino, anthu ambiri ali pakati pa microcontrollers ambiri zokonda ESP8266 awo chitsanzo. Kulumikiza ndi kasinthidwe ndi fimuweya chipangizo Ndi yosavuta ndi Kufikika, ndipo anapanga pa hardware lomwe lija muli polumikiza zipangizo kuti kompyuta. Kuti ali yemweyo kudutsa USB-TTL-Converter, kapena ngati munthu wakonda Zosintha zamalumikizidwe zina, akhoza kuchitika kudzera RPi ndi Arduino.

Kodi kuonanso?

Pofuna kuyesa magwiridwe a chipangizo kumene anagula, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito gwero apadera okhazikika voteji, chifukwa kwa 3.3 volts. Mwakucimbidza Dziwani kuti lenileni la kusowa kwa gawo voteji osiyanasiyana ndi ku volts 3 3.6, ndi kuchuluka voteji kotunga yomweyo atsogolere chakuti chabe kuonongeka ESP8266 wanu. Kung'anima ndi mapulogalamu ena zikufanana angayambe ntchito bwino, ndipo inu kale kukonza unit kapena chinachake kusintha.

Kudziwa ntchito ya chitsanzo microcontroller, inu muyenera kulumikiza zikhomo zitatu:

• CH_PD ndi VCC olumikiza magetsi a 3.3 volts.
• GND chikugwirizana pansi.

Ngati mulibe ntchito ESP-01, ndipo gawo lina lirilonse ndipo poyamba pano anachokera GPIO15, ndiye mu choncho muyenera, ndipo chidzapatsidwa zina olumikizidwa kwa pansi.

Ngati fakitale fimuweya kuthamanga bwinobwino, ndiye mu choncho mungathe kuwona kuwala kofiira, ndiyeno angapo nthawi adzakhala zimaphethira buluu. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti wofiira mphamvu kuwala alibe zipangizo zonse ESP8266 Series. Fimuweya ena zipangizo sasamalira chiwalitsiro cha kuwala kofiira, ngati gawo palibe (makamaka, izi zikufanana ESP-12 lachitsanzo).

Pambuyo kulumikiza kwa maukonde anu opanda zingwe ndi adamulowetsa ndi mwayi mfundo yatsopano imene adzatchedwa ESP_XXXX, ndipo angathe kuonedwa ndi chipangizo chilichonse chimene angapeze Wi-Fi. Pankhaniyi, dzina mfundo kupeza mwachindunji amadalira fimuweya Mlengi wa mumamwa, choncho mwina ena.

Ngati mfundoyo Kodi kuoneka, mukhoza kupitiriza experimenting, mwinamwake adzakhala ndi kuchititsa kukonzanso review mphamvu, komanso kulondola kwa GND ndi CH_PD kugwirizana, ndipo ngati zonse chikugwirizana molondola, ndiye zambiri, inu mukuyesa ntchito unit wosweka kapena pa izo mophweka anaika fimuweya mwaika sanali muyezo.

Kodi kugwirizana mwamsanga?

Standard akonzedwa wofunikila kugwirizana gawo ndi monga izi:

• ndi gawo lokha;
• solderless breadboard;
• akonzedwa zonse za mawaya Mayi, bambo, anaikira gulu prototyping, kapena chingwe wapadera DUPONT MF;
• USB-TTL Converter zochokera PL2303, FTDI kapena ena Chip ofanana. Njira - ngati USB-TTL adaputala ndi linanena bungwe RTS ndi DTR, chifukwa chifukwa ichi chingapezeke ndithu mofulumira kukopera fimuweya ena UDK, Arduino IDE kapena Sming, popanda kufunika Buku kusinthitsa GPIO0 nthaka.

Ngati inu ntchito Converter 5 volts, ndiye kufunika kugula zina voteji yang'anira Chip pamaziko a 1117 kapena aliyense wofanana, komanso gwero mphamvu (pa muyezo 1117 bwino abwino adzapereke ngakhale wamba ku foni kuti 5 volts). Ndi bwino kuti ntchito Arduino IDE kapena USB-TTL kuti gwero mphamvu ESP8266, ndi ntchito achiwiri, chifukwa chifukwa mungathe kuchotsa potsiriza mavuto kulemera.

MwaukadauloZida akonzeratu kupereka omasuka ndi zonse ntchito ndi gawo amapereka kufunika kwa zina zolumikizira mphamvu, resistors, LEDs ndi DIP-masiwichi. Komanso, n'zothekanso ntchito yotchipa USB polojekiti, chomwe chimathandiza kuti nthawi zonse kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mowa panopa, ndi kupereka chitetezo ndi pang'ono kuchokera USB basi wa zosayembekezereka ya dera yochepa.

Ndichite chiyani?

Choyamba ndi Dziwani chakuti ulamuliro ESP8266 angakhale osiyana pang'ono malingana zomwe chitsanzo yeniyeni inu ntchito. zigawo amenewa masiku ano ndithu kwambiri, ndipo chinthu choyamba chimene adzafunika - ndi chizindikiritso cha chitsanzo ndi mumamwa izo kudziwa kugwirizana kwa pini. Mu buku lino, tikambirana za ntchito ndi gawo ESP8266 ESP-01 V090, ndipo ngati inu ntchito chitsanzo ena anachokera ya ping GPIO15 (HSPICS, MTDO), muyenera kukokera iye pansi monga muyezo kuyamba gawo ndi chifukwa mode fimuweya.

Ndiye iwiri onetsetsani kuti kotunga voteji kwa gawo chikugwirizana ndi 3.3 volts. Monga tanena osiyanasiyana kololeka ndi ku volts 3 3.6, Tikanena za kuwonjezeka chipangizo sichitha, koma mwa kundipatsako voteji angakhale kwambiri poyerekeza 3 volts, amene ananena mu zolembedwa.

Ngati inu ntchito USB-TTL Converter 3.3 volts, ndiye gawo chikugwirizana chimodzimodzi monga kumanzere kwa chithunzi m'munsimu. Ngati inu ntchito yekha pyativoltovy USB-TTL, ndiye kulabadira kumanja kwa maonekedwe. Zingaoneke kuti ufulu ndi kothandiza kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ntchito achiwiri magetsi, koma kwenikweni pa nkhani ya USB-TTL ntchito Converter 5 volts ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti apange resistors zina wogawira kuonetsetsa harmonization wa trehvoltovyh ndi pyativoltovyh Kuchuluka kwa mfundo, kapena kungoti ntchito milingo gawo kutembenuka.

Tikagonane Special Features

Kumanja pali kugwirizana chithunzi UTXD (TX), komanso URXD (rx) a gawo kuti pyativoltovoy mfundo, TTL, ndi wozengereza ya njira zimenezi ikuchitika pa chiopsezo anu. Ndi ESP8266 kufotokoza limanena kuti unit ntchito bwino okha ndi 3.3V maganizo. Mu namtindi wa milandu, ngakhale mu nkhani ya zida mfundo pyativoltovoy samalephera, koma nthawi zina pali zinthu zimenezi, choncho chotero kugwirizana ali osavomerezeka.

Ngati simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito wodzipereka USB-TTL Converter 3.3 volts, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito resistors pa wogawira. Komanso Dziwani kuti pomwe chithunzi Mphamvu 1117 stabilizer chikugwirizana popanda piping zina, ndipo ziri ntchito zipangizo zamakono, koma ndi bwino ntchito Kulumikizana chithunzi 1117 ndi capacitor strapping - kufunika kuyanjanitsa ndi ESP8266 datasheet mu stabilizer wanu kapena ntchito adatha wokonzeka gawo lagona pa maziko a 1117.

Kuyamba unit, muyenera kusiya unyolo GPIO0-TND, ndiye n'zotheka kupereka mphamvu. Dziwani kuti muyenera kuchita izo kuti, ndiko kuti, choyamba onetsetsani kuti GPIO0 «atapachikidwa pa mlengalenga", ndipo kokha ntchito mphamvu CH_PD ndi VCC.

Kodi kulumikiza bwino?

Ngati mukhoza kudzipereka madzulo umodzi kuti bwinobwino kugwirizana ESP8266 gawo, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira wolimba kwambiri. Mu chithunzi pamwambapa inu kuona kugwirizana njira ndi potsegula fimuweya basi.

Tikumbukenso kuti m'chifanizo pamwamba sangosonyeza ntchito ufulu GPIO ndi ADC, ndi kugwirizana adzakhala mwachindunji zimadalira chimodzimodzi chimene mukufuna kugwiritsa koma ngati mukufuna kuonetsetsa bata, musati muyiwale kukokera onse Mphamvu GPIO ndi ADC pansi ntchito chikoka mmwamba resistor.

10k resistors, ngati n'koyenera, akhoza m'malo ndi wina aliyense mu osiyanasiyana 4,7k kuti 50k, kupatulapo GPIO15, monga kufunika kwake nkhope sayenera kuposa 10k. Chipembedzo capacitor kuwongola mkulu pafupipafupi ripple ndi yosiyana.

Pawiri GPIO16 bwererani ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito tulo resistor 470 ohms kungakhale kofunika pamene ntchito mode lolingana, popeza kuti kutuluka kuchokera zozama mode tulo, gawo amachita Yambitsaninso zonse mwa kutsatira mlingo wochepa kupereka GPIO16. Popeza ichi pawiri tulo mode za gulu lanu mpaka kalekale.

Koyamba, zingaoneke kuti GPIO0, GPIO1 (TX), GPIO2, GPIO3 (rx) ndi GPIO15 wotanganidwa kwambiri, kuwagwiritsa ntchito pa zofuna zawo sizigwira ntchito, koma si zoona kotero. A mlingo mokwanira mkulu GPIO0 ndi GPIO2, komanso otsika GPIO15 ukafunidwe okha oyambitsa koyamba gawo, ndipo m'tsogolo ndi kale zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito iwo pa nzeru zake. Chinthu chokha ofunika ponena - musaiwale kuti kupereka milingo kufunika kale kuti achite Yambitsaninso zonse zida zanu.

Mukhozanso ntchito TX, rx monga GPIO1 ndi GPIO3 zina, koma musaiwale kuti pambuyo gawo kuyamba lililonse fimuweya akuyamba "kukoka" ndi TX kufanana kuchita debugging mudziwe anatumiza kwa UART0 pa mlingo wa 74480, koma pambuyo udzachitike bwino download, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito iwo okha monga UART0 kuti deta kuwombola ndi chipangizo china, komanso ngati GPIO muyezo.

Pakuti zigawo imene pang'ono zikhomo kuchepetsedwa (mwachitsanzo, ESP-01), si lamulo kulumikiza zikhomo undiluted, ndiko kuti, ESP-01 ayipanga yekha: GND, CH_PD, VCC, GPIO0, GPIO2 ndi Bwezerani, ndipo inu awo muyenera kumangitsa. Palibe chifukwa kuti soldered mwachindunji kwa Chip ESP8266EX, kenako n'kuwoloka zikhomo undiluted, ngati amafuna.

Chotero zithunzi kugwirizana ntchito pambuyo ambiri zatsopano ikuchitika mwa akatswiri oyenerera ndi anasonkhana kuchokera kuchuluka kwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana. Tikumbukenso kuti ngakhale njira zimenezi akhoza kukhala abwino, chifukwa mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito zingapo zina, mungachite mofanana ogwira.

Kulumikiza kudzera Arduino

Ngati Inu pazifukwa zina, panalibe USB-TTL Converter 3.3 volts, ndiye WiFi ESP8266 gawo akhoza chokhudzana kudzera Arduino ndi Converter Integrated. Apa muyenera chidwi mfundo zitatu zofunika:

• Pamene ntchito ndi ESP8266 Arduino Bwezerani poyamba olumikizidwa kwa GND, kuthetsa luso kuthamanga microcontroller ndi mtundu uwu ntchito ngati mandala USB-TTL Converter.
• Rx ndi TX si chikugwirizana "pa mphambano", ndipo mwachindunji - rx-rx (obiriwira), TX-TX (chikasu).
• China chirichonse chikugwirizana chimodzimodzi monga pamwambapa.

Kodi kuganizira

Mu chiwembu ichinso amafuna zofanana zigawo 5 Volt TTL Arduino, ndi 3.3 volts pa ESP8266, koma mwina ntchito bwino kwambiri.

Pamene olumikizidwa kwa ESP8266 Arduino akhoza okonzeka ndi yang'anira voteji, osati komabe panopa amene ali wofunikila ESP8266, chifukwa musanapite yambitsa, muyenera kufufuza ndi datashipom munthu ntchito inu. Musati muyesere kulumikiza ina zinthu mphamvu kudya ndi ESP8266, ngati zimenezi zingayambitse chakuti anamanga-voteji yang'anira Arduino chabe kwalephera.

Komanso, pali kugwirizana wina chithunzi ESP8266 ndi Arduino, amene amagwiritsa SoftSerial. Popeza laibulale SoftSerial doko liwiro wofanana 115200, ndi okwera kwambiri ndipo kungapangitse kuti ntchito khola ali osavomerezeka, ili njira kugwirizana kwa ntchito, ngakhale kuti pali zina zimene zimachitikadi ndi wolimba kwambiri.

Kulumikiza kudzera RaspberryPi

Ngati inu mulibe chilichonse converters onse USB-TTL, mu nkhani zimene mungagwiritse ntchito RaspberryPi. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa mapulogalamu ESP8266 ndi kugwirizana pafupifupi ofanana, koma pano izo siziri choncho yabwino, ndi Komanso ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya monga stabilizer pa 3.3 volts.

Kuyamba rx, TX ndi GND chipangizo kulumikiza ESP8266, VCC ndi GND ndipo amachotsa malamulo mphamvu okwanira, masamu pa 3.3 volts. Apa, mwapadera ziperekedwe chakuti muyenera kugwirizana zipangizo GND, ndi, stabilizer RaspberryPi ndi ESP8266. Ngati anamanga ku chida chanu chitsanzo yang'anira chingathe kupirira mpaka 300 MA katundu zina, ndiye kugwirizana ESP8266 ndi zabwinobwino, koma izo zonse pa chiopsezo anu.

sintha zoikamo

Pamene inu mumvetsa mmene kulumikiza ESP8266, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti madalaivala kwa chipangizo wanu kukhazikitsa moyenera, kotero kuti atsopano pafupifupi siriyo doko linakhulupirira dongosolo. Padzakhala kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu - siriyo Port Pokwelera. Mfundo zofunikira mukhoza kutenga chilichonse kukoma kwanu, koma muyenera kumvetsa bwino kuti timu iliyonse kuti adzatumizidwa ku doko siriyo pamapeto ayenera trailing otchulidwa Kr + LF.

Mwachilungamo ambiri ntchito CoolTerm ESPlorer ndi zofunikira, yotsirizira limachititsa kuti asalowe ESP8266 pa akulamula paokha, ndipo zimenezi zimamuthandiza mosavuta ntchito ndi zolembedwa lua pansi NodeMCU, choncho n'zosavuta ntchito ngati osachiritsika muyezo.

Kuti mukhale ogwirizana kwambiri ndi doko lachidule, muyenera kugwira ntchito zambiri, popeza firmware ya ESP8266 imakhala yosiyana komanso ikuyendetsedwa mofulumira. Kuti mudziwe njira yabwino kwambiri, muyenera kudutsa njira zitatu izi: 9600, 57600 ndi 115200.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji?

Choyamba, lolumikizani pulogalamu yotsegulira kumalo osungirako zinthu, ndikuyika magawo 9600 8N1, kenako mutengere gawo lonse, kuchotsani CH_PD (chip enabled) kuchokera ku mphamvu, ndiyeno yikambiranso, kusokoneza CH_PD. Ndiponso, mungathe kuyendetsa posachedwa RESET kuti muyambe kuyambiranso gawoli, ndikuyang'anitsitsa deta yanuyo.

Choyamba, ma LED a chipangizocho ayenera kuwonetsedwa ndendende monga momwe akusonyezera ndondomeko yotsimikiziridwa. Komanso, muyenera kuwona malo osiyana siyana omwe ali otsiriza omwe adzatha ndi mzere wokonzeka, ndipo ngati sungatero, tibwereranso ku intaneti pamtunda wosiyana ndi kubwezeretsanso gawoli.

Mukawona mzerewu pa imodzi mwazomwe mungasankhe, mukhoza kulingalira gawo lokonzekera ntchito.

Momwe mungasinthire firmware?

Mutatha kukhazikitsa ESP8266, chipangizocho chingangotenga masekondi angapo kuti mugwirizane, ndiyeno mukhoza kuyamba kusinthira firmware. Kuyika mapulogalamu atsopano, muyenera kuchita zotsatirazi.

Choyamba, koperani kachidindo ka firmware kuchokera pa webusaitiyi, ndipo koperani ntchito yapadera ya firmware. Pano, payenera kupatsidwa chidwi chenicheni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makina omwe ESP8266 imagwira ntchito. Ndi bwino kugwirizanitsa chipangizochi kuti chikhale wamkulu kuposa Windows 7.

Kwa Standard Windows OS, ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yotchedwa XTCOM UTIL, yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri pa ntchito, ngati firmware ili ndi fayilo imodzi yokha. Njira yabwino kwambiri yotchedwa multipulform yotchedwa esptool, yomwe imaphatikizapo python, komanso kufunikira kufotokozera magawo kudzera mu mzere wa lamulo. Kuonjezerapo, mu ESP8266, kugwirizanitsa ntchito zofunikira kumapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga Chida Chowunikira, chomwe chimakhala ndi machitidwe ambiri, komanso teknoloji yabwino yokha firmware kuchokera ma owona angapo.

Kenaka tsambulani pulogalamu yanu yamagetsi kuchokera ku doko lachidule, ndipo muzimitsa kwathunthu CH_PD kuchokera ku magetsi, gwirizanitsani GPIO0 module kwa GND, ndiyeno CH_PD ikhoza kubwezeretsedwa. Pamapeto pake, ingothamangitsani pulogalamu ya firmware ndikuiika mu ESP8266.

Nthawi zambiri, firmware imalowetsedwa mofulumira pa 115200, koma njira yapadera imapereka maulendo ofulumira, kotero kuti firmware ikhoza kuyendetsa mofulumira kuposa 9600, kukonzanso ntchito zomwe zilipo ESP8266. Arduino inagwiritsidwa ntchito popangidwira kapena USB-TTL - apa sichita udindo wapadera, ndipo apa kuthamanga kwachepera kumadalira kutalika kwa waya, wotembenuzidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zifukwa zina.