Masks kwa nkhope (mankhwala): mitundu ndi mapulogalamu

Lero tikambirana za maskiti a nkhope. Tidzapeza zomwe iwo ali, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, komanso ngati pali phindu lililonse. Werengani zonse za izi m'nkhani ili pansipa.

Zojambula za nkhope zamankhwala

Mask a zachipatala ndi mankhwala omwe amatha kuteteza ziwalo za kupuma kuchokera ku mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amafalitsidwa ndi madontho. Zili zosasinthika komanso zowonongeka, koma njira yoyamba ndi yofala kwambiri.

Masikiti a nkhope yachipatala omwe amasowa ndi bandage omwe amavala nkhope, akuphimba pakamwa ndi mphuno. Kawirikawiri zimakhala ndi zigawo 3 kapena 4. Khalani pankhope chifukwa cha chimanga kumbuyo kapena phindu la zotupa zotsekemera, zomwe zimayikidwa m'makutu.

Mbiri ya zochitika

Inde, chigoba cha nkhope chachipatala chiri ndi mbiri ya chiyambi chake. Zimakhulupirira kuti choyamba chigobacho chinawonekera ku Ulaya m'zaka zamkatikati, pamene mliri wa mliri wa bubonic unali wochuluka m'bwalo. Anamutcha iye panthawiyo "Mask a dokotala." Panthawi imeneyo, zinkawoneka zachilendo, koma ngakhale kuti zinali zothandiza. Mlomowo, ndiko kuti, kutsogolo kwa chigoba, unadzazidwa ndi zitsamba zamankhwala kapena mafuta onunkhira pofuna kuteteza kununkhiza kwa dokotala ku fungo la thupi lovunda, komanso kukhazikitsa chilengedwe cha antibacterial mkati mwa chigoba. Chigobacho chinayikidwa pa nkhope yonse, ndipo mabowo a maso ankaphimbidwa ndi galasi.

M'zaka za m'ma 1900, madokotala anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa nkhosa ndi valve. Iwo adalowetsedwa ndi masks ochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku Middle Ages. Masikiti a zamankhwala mu mawonekedwe amakono amapezeka kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Izi zinachitika pamene Schroeder anatsimikizira kuti zowonjezera za zitsulo za thonje zowonetsera mpweya. Umboniwu unachokera pa kafukufuku wa Louis Pasteur pa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chiwerengero chapadera cha maskchi chinaperekedwa pamene mliri woopsa wa chimfine unayamba - "Aspania". Pofika zaka za m'ma 2000 zapitazo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nsalu za gauze ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala kunakhala kovomerezeka.

M'dziko lamakono, mavalidwe osakanizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, omwe amapangidwa ndi zipangizo zopanda nsalu.

Mitundu

Pali mitundu yambiri ya masks zamankhwala pa nkhope. Gawo lawo lalikulu limakhudza cholinga. Pali zochitika (tsiku ndi tsiku) ndi zamakono (zofufuzira) masks. Masikiti amtunduwu ali ndi zigawo zitatu, zopangidwa ndi nsalu zopanda nsalu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi imodzi. Iwo ali ndi fyuluta mkati ndi magawo awiri akunja. Malingana ndi kukula kwake, pali masks a akuluakulu a zachipatala ndi akuluakulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polyclinics, zipatala ndi malo amtundu.

Masks apadera ndiwo omwe amakhala ndi zigawo 4, komanso kuwonjezera pa zigawo ziwiri zakunja ndi fyuluta, ali ndi chotsutsana ndi madzi. Zimateteza nkhope kuchokera ku zamoyo zomwe zimagwira ntchito panthawiyi. Masikiti oterewa akhoza kukhala ndi kapena opanda chinsalu. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito.

Chigoba china chimagawidwa kukhala wosabala komanso chosakhala wosabala. Zomalizazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Popeza nkhaniyo ikukhudzana ndi khungu lakunja, zina zoterezi siziyenera. Masks wosabala amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma laboratories, zipinda zogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Muzochitika zachikhalidwe, sikuli bwino kugwiritsa ntchito masks wosabala, chifukwa nthawi yomweyo amataya katundu wawo.

Zinthu zakuthupi

M'zaka zapakati pazaka za m'ma 500 mpaka m'ma 1500, masks omwe sanapangidwe nawo okha. Ndiye inali nthawi ya ubweya. Koma masks a nkhaniyi sizinathe nthawi yaitali. Pakadali pano, masikono amapangidwa ndi zipangizo zopanda nsalu, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni.

Kodi zimaphatikizapo chiyani?

Masikiti a nkhope zachipatala ali ndi magawo awiri kunja, omwe ndi mafupa awo. Palinso fyuluta yomwe ili pakati pa zigawo. Kenaka akubwera wotsutsana ndi madzi, koma amangovala opaleshoni yokha. Pali chokonza pamphuno, mpweya wotsekemera kapena kutsekemera, phokoso la mphuno ndi chitetezo cha anti-fluid, chomwe chimapezeka mu masks apadera.

Kodi ndizivala chotani?

Kuvala maski kumatenga maola 2-6. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yayitali zimadalira zochitika za kunja kwa chilengedwe. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuvala masks osapitirira maola awiri pa matenda kapena matenda. Masks omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza motsutsana ndi zinthu zachilengedwe angathe kuvala maola 3-6.

Ambiri akudabwa kuti ndi mbali iti ya nkhope yomwe amavala mask kuchipatala. Choncho, muyenera kuvala mbali zoyera kuti muyang'ane. Mukhoza kuyang'ana kumutu kwa diso kapena maso: ali kumbali yomwe iyenera kukhudza nkhope.

Mphamvu

Mukufuna kudziwa chomwe chimatchedwa nkhope mask? Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa. Ngati munaganiza kuti dzina loyenerera linali "kupuma", ndiye kuti munalakwitsa. Masks a zamankhwala nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi omwe amatetezedwa kuti asawononge mpweya. Mwa njira, kafukufuku ambiri asonyeza kuti masikiti amathandiza kokha ngati agwirizana moyang'anizana ndi nkhope yonseyo ndipo samalola mpweya kudutsa. Ngati mpweya ukuwuluka, ndiye kuti chokhumbacho sichingapezeke. Ngakhale kupyolera pang'onopang'ono, mpweya wokwana 50 peresenti yomwe munthu amakoka amatha kutuluka. Ndicho chifukwa chake chitetezo chachikulu pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito RPD - njira yothandizira kuteteza kupuma.

Kupambana kwa maski kunayankhidwa pambuyo poti zitsimikiziridwa kuti masikiti opangira opaleshoni ndi mavitamini samateteza dokotala kuti asapange zinthu zovulaza m'maso. Akatswiri, pakadali pano amalimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito RPE.

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, asayansi ofufuza sanapezebe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ogwira ntchito zachipatala amene anali kuvala maskiyumu ndi omwe ankavala masikiti opangira opaleshoni. Mkhalidwe wawo wamtunduwu unali wofanana. Kusintha kwakukulu kunali kosafunikira, ngakhale kuti zida zotetezera zinali zosiyana kwambiri.

Zimakhulupirira kuti masikiti opangira opaleshoni si oyenera kuteteza ziwalo zozizira kuchokera ku mpweya woipa. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo akhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zinthu zovulaza kulowa mumlengalenga kuchokera kwa munthu wodwala, choncho ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kuteteza thanzi la anthu oyandikana nawo.

Ku Russia palibe malangizo omveka bwino komanso othandizira pazomwe amagwiritsira ntchito komanso kusankha zipangizo zoteteza. Mankhwalawa anali opangidwa ndi maskiti wamba, omwe ngakhale amapangidwira kuti asatetezedwe ndi mpweya woipa (sizingatheke kukwaniritsa nkhope yake, palibe chitsimikizo cha zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa).

Ndikulongosola mwachidule nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kunena kuti masikiti a nkhope zachipatala ndi katundu wotsika mtengo wotetezera, zomwe ziri bwino kukhala ndi inu nthawi zonse. Kutetezeka kotereku sikungatsimikizire, koma chiopsezo chotenga chinachake chidzachepa nthawi zambiri. Sikofunikira ngati pakhala pali maphunziro aliwonse pa izi kapena ayi, chifukwa thanzi la munthu aliyense liri m'manja mwake. Chinthu chofunikira kukumbukira ndi chakuti ngati pali mwayi wodzitetezera, ndibwino kuti uchite osati kudandaula pambuyo pake. Njira zotetezera - choyamba.