Maofesi madzi wambiri ku magwero mobisa

Kulandira madzi kuchokera madzi pamwamba ndi intakes kwambiri madzi anakonza zigawo. Iwo anayikidwa pa magombe a madamu, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Zolinga mafakitale ntchito nyumba pa kugombe la nyanja, kenako kudyetsa ku mtsinje ngalande. Ngati madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja akusowa madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito desalination madzi nyanja ndi dongosolo kuyeretsedwa malinga ndi justifications zachuma ndi ukadaulo.

Kuchotsa madzi mitsinje mobisa kukonza nyumba mtundu kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo ikukoka. maofesi Onshore pa fluctuation wa madzi mu mgodi anamanga pa malo yokumba, milu maziko kuteteza siteshoni kwa ayezi ndi zinthu akuyandama. Mwa njira dongosolo wambiri nyumba ndi onshore, yapadera ndi yokoka (mtsinje).

mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera

Ruslovye siteshoni yokoka mtundu kumanga pa gombe osaya posungira ndi mbadwa ang'ono ndi waulemu wa nthaka ofooka. zinalengedwera amatipatsa sump, ndi payipi ufulu madzi, chabwino mutu, kutetezedwa ndi mipiringidzo. The madzi chifukwa umaperekedwa ndi ikukoka dongosolo mu mzere kuthamanga ntchito zina. Headroom kukhuta kwathunthu adalowetsedwa, anasefukira yekha pa chigumula kapena pamwamba. siteshoni Pump ntchito ndi polowera madzi kapena kuikidwa kukhala chipangizo standalone.

Pa magombe otsetsereka a malo Amawapatsa zofunikira wambiri onshore mtundu umene mulibe makoma mapeto ndi piping kamangidwe. Madzi wambiri amaperekedwa kudzera mipata monga mlingo amalola kuchita zivute zitani. Coast okhuta ngakale ndi mita theka pamwamba pa madzi apamwamba mlingo likutuluka, onetsetsani kuti kuika siteshoni ikukoka. Ngati chithunzi ichi zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri mu mtsinje, ndiye bwino ali zigawo zingapo zosiyana malinga ndi chiwerengero cha mizere mayamwidwe. Mazenera chapamwamba ntchito yosonkhanitsa wosanjikiza pamwamba pa chigumula, zomwe zimathandiza kuti atenge madzi bwino.

A mtundu wapadera wa okwerera wambiri madzi ntchito mu chochitika za kufunika kwa mabuku yaikulu ya madzimadzi kapena ngati nyengo kumafuna akumenya mosalekeza ndi crusts ayezi. Mu intakes ngati kukonza ndowa yokumba mtundu njira. miyeso yake atsimikiziridwa malingana ndi changu cha akuyandama kwambiri achisanu boulders. Zidebe grassroots phwando kuika pambuyo pake pakamwa wolandirira ndi mafunde pansi ndi kuphana kwambiri floes. Zidebe chapamwamba polowera anafuna kuti unsembe wa m'kamwa ndi otaya ndi kutumikira monga kulandira pamwamba pa madzi Mukalongosola. Izi mitundu kulola zakudya nyumba mu ndowa m'mphepete mwa nyanja kukumba mu thanthwe akuya 3.5 mamita kapena kuwanyamula mtsinje, kulekanitsa damu.

Ndi nyumba kwa kusefera ndi kuyeretsedwa bwino Mukalongosola osefukira madzi kapena ayezi kulowerera. Pamaso akudyetsedwa mu kuthamanga mzere chinyezi umasefedweramo nkhungu wosanjikiza a miyala ndi mchenga zigawo mwachibadwa ili pansi kapena mtsinje, ndiye yekha analandira silo, tubular kapena zipangizo yopingasa.

Ngati mukufuna kupereka zosakhalitsa madzi kumanga maofesi akuyandama kapena foni madzi wambiri. Pakuti malo okwerera mafoni pa padoko komanso njanji mayendedwe ndi otsetsereka amene amasuntha, malingana ndi kuwuka madzi. Akuyandama nyumba kuti zigwirizane nangula mabwato amodzi kapena pontoons. The kuipa intakes zosakhalitsa madzi monga chakuti mipope onse yopangidwa ndi zisulo kusintha, ndipo izi zimabweretsa matenda awowo msanga ndi zovuta ntchito mu nthawi ayezi kupita.

Kuchotsa madzi kuchokera mchenga ndi miyala nthaka unconfined wosanjikiza chapamwamba yopingasa kukonza migodi wanga. Zofunika pa iwo konkire pa chimango zitsulo. Madzi amalowa wolandila kudzera tizibowo makoma ndi pansi. Pansi pa chitsime ali okonzeka ndi Reflux fyuluta wosanjikiza, wopangidwa mwa mchenga ndi makulidwe a 0,6 mamita kapena kuposa zigawo za miyala ndi makulidwe okwana mpaka 0,15 m. Pamwamba nthaka amachita bwino pa 0,8 m. Makoma ndiotetezedwa ndi loko wa dongo ndi makulidwe mpaka 0.5 mamita amene akupita pansi pa 0.3-1.2 m. Ayenera otmostka anakonza pafupi konkire makoma ndi masinthidwe amtundu kuchokera 1-1.5 mamita m'lifupi.

The ntchito maofesi a madzi wambiri m'madera kumpoto ndi kobvuta ndi yozizira akugawana kuzizira madzi lotseguka. Nyumba akugwiritsidwa kokha pa ayezi kusungunuka. madera kumpoto yodziwika ndi kusapezeka pafupifupi magwero mobisa wa madzi osowa muli yambiri mchere ndipo zosafunika kwa kumwa. Kumasulidwa m'nyengo yozizira zochepa chinyezi, choncho wachotsedwa zigawo ili pansi mazira. Kuonjezera madzi mu Madamu ndi kukhuta madamu yokumba ndi malo kukodzedwa dera, potero kulimbikitsa ankalamulira recharge mitsinje komanso nyanja ku magwero mobisa kuzizira.

Mitundu ya magwero

madzi abstraction ntchito mu mizinda ndi midzi ikuchitika pamwamba ndi subsurface zigawo. Aquifers mu ndime nthaka kuthamanga ndi yokoka. zigawo Cham'mbali pafupi pamwamba kapena kwambiri mitsinje, nyanja otchedwa pansi. madzi Ground yodziwika ndi kuipitsa mkulu ndi asanalowe madzi kuthamanga kuchita mwambo woti adziyeretse.

Pressurized madzi kwathunthu wodzazidwa yopingasa strata ili pansipa kapena malo moyandikana kutumikira kwa recharge awo. magwero Artesian ndi lofunika madzi oyera, kuti zigwirizane m'zigawo mitundu intakes chotero, chomwe kapangidwe si akupanga zipangizo chithandizo. Mu bwino kulandira madzi pressurized kuchokera yopingasa wosanjikiza madzi alipo makonzedwe zochotsa mzere amene chikugwirizana ndi mlingo pamwamba pa mosungiramo yapafupi. Ngati mzere uwu pamwamba nthaka, chinyezi umayenda m'chitsime, wotchedwa artesian.

Pressurized ndi madzi akulowa kuyenda pamwamba pa nthaka si pressurized, kupanga akutsika ndi kukwera makiyi kupereka madzi a mkulu khalidwe, ponena zolinga kumwa popanda machitidwe mtengo kuyeretsedwa. makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa gwero lake, monga mphamvu, kuya, machulukitsidwe mchere ntchito kusankha mtundu wa kapangidwe ka siteshoni madzi wambiri. Ngakhale kutenga nkhani luso ndi tiganizira zachuma ndi kufunika kwa mtundu yeniyeni ya madzi (kwa mafakitale madzi, kumwa, zofuna banja).

Terms of malo Kusankha

nyumba yomanga wambiri zachokera maulosi a katundu madzimadzi ku gwero anasankhidwa zofunika kutembenuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mtsinje bedi kukonzanso kapena mosungiramo zina ndi hayidiroliki zinthu opaleshoni. Pamene kusintha madzi oposa 6 mamita ndi phompho otsetsereka gombe zokwanira madzi inflow maofesi yachibadwa kumanga ma pagombe.

Ngati mukufuna pafupifupi ntchito, chifukwa cha intakes otsika madzi okwera kuphatikiza ndi kachitidwe ikukoka. Estern osiyana nyumba mtundu pa mphamvu chofunika ang'ono ndi akuya lalikulu posungira. Ngati oscillation pamwamba pa madzi - zosakwana 6 m, kuya zazing'ono, ndiye ntchito mtundu wa njira ndi zakudya za siteshoni mpope mu onshore zomangamanga wolandila.

mawerengedwe hayidiroliki

Kudziwa magawo mulingo woyenera applicable payipi hayidiroliki mawerengedwe. Ganizirani mphamvu ya mipope ndi zinthu zina za lonse panopa nthawi ya unali woyenerera. kumwa madzi limanenedwa ngati kufunika kwake pa pazipita kuwerenga ogula chikugwirizana. Yachokera pa kafukufuku awa, kuwerengera diameters chitoliro zofunika chuma yotheka mipita anakonzeratu misa ndi zomvetsa kochepa.

Pangani chithunzi axonometric zikusonyeza malangizo ochokera athandizira ku kugwirizana pogwiritsa-mfundo, kusankha malo ndi chiwerengero zing'onozing'ono kasinthasintha. Calculated kutalika mbali kuyambira ina kuti mfundo ina, kutenga nkhani kuchuluka kwa mfundo madzimadzi parsing. Chitoliro awiri lisinthike kwina, mkati mwa gawo limodzi chitoliro kupereka yofanana. Yomanga maofesi a madzi wambiri imagwiridwa patapita mawerengedwe wathunthu hayidiroliki.

kuyeretsedwa chomera

Kudziwa khalidwe la madzi, zochokera zizindikiro amenewa:

• thupi katundu, monga turbidity, pamaso pa kakomedwe, kaonekedwe, fungo, kutentha;
• katundu mankhwala amakhala ndi luso makutidwe ndi okosijeni, kuuma, yankho yogwira, zili mchere;
• katundu Bacteriological omwe akusonyeza mlingo wa kuipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya amene amagwa mu madzi ozungulira ndowe zimbudzi, mpweya, nyama.

kumwa madzi ndi Kukhwimitsa. madzi khalidwe amafuna ntchito zogona ndi yovomerezeka mu CCITT R51232 - 1998. Nkhani kuwonjezekeredwa zofunika thupi, mankhwala ndi zizindikiro bakiteriya. Ngati chiyero cha madzi si zizigwirizana deta normative, ndiye kumanga madzi wambiri chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito chomera. The njira yofala mankhwala anazindikira monga disinfection ndi mafotokozedwe. Powunikira ntchito zosefera ndi sedimentation magawo angapo, umene zosafunika ndi kumira pansi. The germicidal walitsa dekhetsa chlorination, ozonation ntchito kutaya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kukonzekera madzi magwero mobisa

Kusankha siteshoni wambiri madzi kulandira madzimadzi ku zigawo subterranean bwanji mozama ndi malo wosanjikiza linanena bungwe. Facilities anawagawa mitundu inayi:

• madyedwe dzenje;
• migodi wanga;
• intakes zochita yopingasa;
• kapotazhnye chipangizo.

nyumba wambiri monga zitsime pansi kapena zitsime chubu ntchito kuchotsa madzi kuchokera lomenyera kuya pa 10 m. Kumangidwa tichipeza mu tikubooleza khoma osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa ndi kulimbikitsa casing. Pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa ndi akuya oyimba mipope awiri. Mu mmunsi mwa bowo wayikidwa fyuluta ndi padziko pamwamba bwino, kumanga kuonerera chipinda. Ngati mavuto aquifer mokwanira amphamvu, madzi limatuluka pamwamba opanikizika, mwinamwake chinyezi akudyetsedwa pamwamba kudzera mapampu lapansi.

Zomangamanga a mtundu lotseguka zitsime kutumikira kulandira madzi akuya pa mamita 30 makoma bwino -. Konkire, matabwa kapena njerwa, zambiri ntchito wokonzeka zinthu yovomerezeka sequentially aligning wina ndi mzake. Mu kunsi kwa makoma ndi pansi pa mipata bwino kupereka kwa madyedwe zachilengedwe madzimadzi. Pa pansi kupanga sefa wosanjikiza mchenga ndi miyala. Ndi kufunika kuchuluka kwa madzi kukonza zitsime angapo ndipo cholukanalukana ndi siphons ndi Water Zakeo, mapampu kumene chinyezi umaperekedwa mu madzi.

Mobisa intakes madzi zochita yopingasa kutumikira kusonkhanitsa madzi akuya osaya. Iwo ntchito pa akuya mamita mpaka 8 muyezo konkire, kapena zinthu ceramic ndi mabowo kapena slits mu kali pambali. Mitundu zosavuta yopingasa anapangidwa kuchokera njerwa thinned kapena chomenyedwa, chifukwa tikukonza zopewera ndi kuonera makamera iliyonse mamita 100.

Kapotazhnye chipinda kutumikira kuchotsa madzi kuchokera mafungulo. Iwo ndi losavuta migodi wanga, anakonza pa malo maonekedwe a madzi padziko. Pakuti madzi kuchokera ukutsika magwero kiyi kuchita kapotazhnye chipinda kwa kusonkhanitsa chinyezi kudutsa makoma ofukula za yopingasa mtundu wambiri.

Madzi Kutolere magwero padziko

Mu njira imeneyi njira madzi wambiri zimagwiridwa kwa mosadodometsedwa chiphaso cha chinyezi pa chaka. Pakuti nyumba imeneyi ndi kuyandikira kwa ogula pa khola, kupatula wowonongeka malo gombe, podzimangirira zomera mafakitale siteshoni zimbudzi. Madzi intakes ku magwero pamwamba kukhuta, kutenga nkhani za kasinthasintha zotheka pa bedi mtsinje pa nthawi. Zinthu dongosolo imakonzedwa kuti pambuyo mapangidwe oundana m'nyengo yozizira ndi pamwamba nyumba anali osachepera 0,3 m, ndi pansi pa madzi kulandira siinafike pansi pa mtsinje pa 1 m.

nyumba kudya nthawi zambiri kumanga maziko ophatikizana a mitundu iwiri kapena kuposerapo, anatsimikiza ndi makhalidwe a posungira ndi kuchuluka chofunika cha mowa. Musanagwiritse ntchito dongosolo Wapambana Mayeso luso. Pamwamba intakes madzi Kupita osambitsidwa ndi madzi pa liwiro la 1 m / s. Banja kotunga madzi chlorinated kwa disinfection.

The chipangizo cha kunja Intaneti madzi

dongosolo kunja zikuphatikizapo misewu ndi sekondale mzere nthambi. Pamene nkhani ya mipope ntchito zigawo wochezeka osankhidwa ndi zinthu GOST. Pakati pa siteshoni suction ndi madzi pressurized umadutsa madzimadzi mankhwala chomera zikukhazikitsa mu thanki ndi kudzera malamulo zipangizo anawalozera kwa ogula. Chitoliro awiri waukulu thoroughfare anatengedwa malinga ndi kamangidwe hayidiroliki, ndi diameters ndi nthambi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhani ya moto wa opatsirana otaya madzimadzi.

Chipangizo kwa kukweza madzi

Ikukoka maofesi kupereka kayendedwe madzi mu dera la akatembenuka mphamvu ya galimoto mu mphamvu hayidiroliki transmissible madzi. Ndi zipangizo izi chinyezi liukitsidwa kwa kutalika anakhumba, amaperekedwa pa maulendo ataliatali amakakamizidwa kuyenda mu chatsekedwa dongosolo madzi chitoliro, zimene zimaphatikizapo ntchito nyumba madzi wambiri. Kusankha mapampu kwa utumiki madzi wambiri nyumba zovuta amadalira mtundu wa injini, mphamvu, kuthamanga, dzuwa ndi magawo ena. The ntchito ambiri ali mapampu centrifugal kuti ali ndi zinthu zokwanira pa mitundu ina.

Madamu ndi nsanja madzi

Pofuna kukwaniritsa kuthamanga mu dongosolo madzi ndi kukweza madzimadzi mkulu-nyamuka simenti ndi madzi nsanja kuti akugwira ntchito pa mfundo thupi amalankhulira ziwiya. Thanki mosungiramo mu nsanja ndi masamu ndi buku la madzi amene akulamulira kotunga madzimadzi ogula mwa nthawi inayake, adzalephera ngati intakes madzi magwero mobisa.

Mu madzi thanki nsanja kusungidwa madzi chofunika kuchipatala wozimitsa mkati mphindi 10 pambuyo poyatsira. Madzi nsanja kapangidwe zikuphatikizapo mphika akuthandiza gawo lapansi anapanga pamwamba pa phiri la nyumba yaitali m'mudzi. Mu kumpoto zoti kuti mumakhala nyumba, ndi kokha kuphimba thanki ndi kum'mwera.

Akasinja kwa kusungiramo madzi anaika zosiyanasiyana dongosolo malo mpopi, iwo ntchito kusunga zochuluka madzi. Buku la akasinja zimadalira cholinga chawo ndi zosowa za madzi machulukitsidwe mavuto ogula dongosolo. Mfundo nyumba ndi zopsereza njerwa, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mwala zachilengedwe ndi konkire. mawonekedwe a kusiyanitsa akasinja zozungulira ndi anayi. Kulowererana akuthamanga monolithic kapena yodziyimira payokha njira.

Kukonza mapaipi mobisa ndi m'madzi

Zida wambiri nyumba ndi ngalande yaitali patatha ntchito kumafuna nthawi kukonza ndi kukonzanso. Nthawi zina madzi matulukidwe yafupika chifukwa madipoziti mu mipope blockages ndi accretions. kuyeretsa ake ikuchitika nthawi Nthawi ofatsa okwanira backwashing madzi kapena panopa mwachindunji. Nthawi zina ntchito scrapers kapena ruffs.

Kuchotsa payipi kuonongeka padziko - ntchito zovuta ndiponso zoopsa. Choncho, chipangizo wapadera zokwawa mkati chubu anaikira kuyeretsedwa. chipangizo achotsedwa, ndi maburashi onsewo kuchotsa zigawo molimba pa makoma. Kuti kuyeretsa payipi kumene madzi chikutha kuchita sinkers, osati kupereka dongosolo la mipope kubwera pamwamba.

Kuchotsa mipata kovuta kapena mabowo mipope iwo akwezeke pamwamba, ndipo pambuyo kuchotsa gawo zosayenera ndi adatchithisira kachiwiri pansi. Osati n'zovuta kuwonongeka anakonza ntchito m'madzi kuwotcherera.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti chipangizo wambiri nyumba amafuna kudziwa wapadera, kulola kudziwa mtundu wa zomera, kusankha malo ndi rasstanovit zigawo structural. Koma ngati ogula ano sangathe kuwona linakhalapo popanda madzi opatsa moyo, ndiye nthawi pali mapangidwe latsopano ndi mfundo m'zigawo madzi matumbo a dziko.