Makoma a Kaliningrad Region: ndondomeko

M'zaka za zana la 13 m'gawo la Kaliningrad yamakono ndi derali linali dziko lopangidwa ndi Knights of the Teutonic Order. Ankhondo a asilikali ankhondo anakhazikitsanso dziko la Prussia pamodzi ndi maukonde a nyumba zapakati pazaka zapakatikati ndipo anapitirizabe kumanga malinga awo. Mikangano yomwe inkachitika nthawi zonse ndi dziko la Lithuania ndi Poland lomwe linali moyandikana nalo linapanga mipanda yambiri yodzitetezera komanso nyumba zambiri zamwala monga momwe zinalili mu dziko lina lakumidzi la ku Ulaya.

Zonsezi, nyumba za m'dera la Kaliningrad zinali ndi nyumba pafupifupi 40, pakali pano zina zasungidwa ndikuzisandutsa museums ndi malo oyang'anira malo, zina zimaperekedwa ku zosowa za mabungwe osiyanasiyana (monga koleji, ngakhale ndende), ena amawonongedwa, ndi ena osasungidwa Ndipotu.

Balga

Malo a Balga m'dera la Kaliningrad ndi chifukwa chochokera kwa a Prussians, omwe anamanga linga pamalo ofunika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 5 m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Baltic Gulf. Mpanda wokhala ndi matabwa a King Videwuta wa Prussia unathandiza kuona malo onsewa bwinobwino. Ichi chinali chikhalidwe ichi chomwe chinakopa a Teutons. M'zaka za zana la 13, adamenyana nthawi yaitali ndi eni ake ku nyumba yofunikayi. Patatha zaka khumi, Grand Master wa Teutonic Order analamula kumanga nyumba yatsopano yamwala pamalo a nsanja yamatabwa, yomwe sikunatenthe kamodzi.

Sikunali linga chabe. Nyumba yoyamba inali nyumba yaikulu ya Msonkhano, womangidwa ndi njerwa ndi miyala yamunda.

Komabe, ngakhale nyumba zazikulu zoterezi sizinapite nthawi. Balgu anaperekedwa m'manja ndi manja kwa anthu osiyanasiyana, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1600, nyumbayi inayamba kuchepa. Anathandizira pa izi ndi nkhondo ya Sweden, pamene nyumbayi inagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a nkhondo. M'tsogolomu, nyumbayi inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungiramo malo, komanso ngakhale malo ogwirira ntchito. Mfundo yomaliza m'mbiri yake inakhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumu Frederick Woyamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18. Anayamba kumanga nyumba ya Pilau, mwala womwe adamuuza kuti adutse pamalinga a Balga.

Kuyesa kochepa kubwezeretsa utsogoleri wakale kunapangidwa ndi okondedwa mu gawo loyamba la zaka za zana la 20. Okaona malo akumalo a Kaliningrad, kuphatikizapo Balgu, anakopeka ndi chiwonetsero cha malo oyambirira a mbiri yakale ya mbiri yakale yokhudza mbiri ya magulu a magulu a Teutonic, koma nkhondo ina inachititsa kuti nyumbayi ikhale mabwinja. Bomba la 45th kwenikweni linasiyidwa popanda mwala.

Ngakhale zili choncho, Balga imakopera alendo, ngakhale kuti sizinali zochuluka kwambiri ndi mabwinja ake, monga mwa chuma chomwe chakhala m'mayiko ozungulira. Malo amenewa amakhala ndi zipolopolo ndi zidutswa za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, yomwe imakopa mafani kuti ayang'ane chuma. Mu nyengo yabwino ya dzuwa pano ndi okongola kwambiri - mabwinja, otayika pakati pa mitengo yakale ya pine, ndi malo a Baltic Bay amachititsa malo ano kukhala okongola kwambiri.

Anthu omwe akufuna kuyamikira zigawo za maziko a Balga ayenera kupita ku siteshoni ya Novaya Znamenka, yomwe ili pakati pa Mamonovo ndi Ladushkino. Zoona, kuchokera ku siteshoni yopita ku nsanja pafupifupi makilomita asanu, kotero ndi bwino kupita kumeneko ndi galimoto.

The Castle of Georgenburg

Malo a Kaliningrad ali ndi nyumba zitatu zokha zokhazikitsidwa bwino. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Georgenburg. Ali m'dera la Chernihiv yamakono ndipo amakopa okaona osati maulendo awo okha, komanso ndi munda womwewo, wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi.

Nyumbayi inamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13, makamaka molondola, panthawiyi maboma oyambirira adakhazikitsidwa. Patatha zaka zana anamangidwanso m'ngalawa yoyamba yamatabwa, ndipo kenako pamwala. Kwa zaka zambiri, Georgenburg kawirikawiri yakhala ikulamuliridwa ndi anthu a ku Lithuania, Tatars, Sweden. Masiku ano, amayesa kubwezeretsanso, koma vuto la 1997 silinalole kuti ntchitoyo ipitirire ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali nyumbayi inachepa. Masiku ano ali ndi ROC ndipo akuwongolera pang'onopang'ono.

Brandenburg

Castle Brandenburg m'chigawo cha Kaliningrad, kapena m'malo mwake, mabwinja ake akhoza kuyendera m'mudzi wa Ushakovo (yomwe isanachitike nkhondo yoyamba ya dziko la pansi ikukhala ndi dzina limodzi ndi nyumbayi). Brandenburg anamanga pakati pa zaka za zana la 13 mu malo apadera - pa mtsinje wodutsa, womwe gombe lake linatsegula zipata ku malo akuya a dziko la Prussia. Brandenburg inakhala imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pazithunzi za nyumba za Teutonic, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa Balgu ndi Koenigsberg. Apa iwo adasunga chinthu chopatulika chopatulika - gawo la mtanda paja Yesu anapachikidwa.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse inathetsa Brandenburg, monga maulendo ena ambiri m'madera a Kaliningrad. Pambuyo pomalizidwa, nyumba yosungiramo alendo yochokera ku USSR inakonzedwa m'chigawo chokhachokha, koma posakhalitsa nyumbayo inagwa ndipo mpaka 2013 idatsala pang'ono kutha. Pakali pano, potsiriza ndikuchita ntchito yobwezeretsa ndikukoka anthu odzipereka kwa iwo.

Waldau

Malo okongola a m'dera la Kaliningrad ndi omwe akuwonongeka, koma Nyumba ya Waldau ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zabwino za Prussia zomwe zili m'dera la Kaliningrad Region. Nyumbayi imapezeka m'mudzi wa Nizovye pafupi ndi Kaliningrad, ndipo mukhoza kufika nayo basi.

Dzina la nyumbayi limachokera ku Asilavic "Valdati", kutanthauza kuti "eni", ndipo oyamba omwe anali pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1200 anali akalonga a Prussia, omwe nyumbayi inaperekedwa kwa a Teutons poyamikira ntchito ya dongosololi. Ndipotu, malo okhawo adasamutsidwa, kumene anamanga nyumbayo. Nthawi zambiri ankakhala malo ogwiritsira ntchito makina ndi ansembe a dongosolo lomwe adapita kudutsa m'mayikowa.

M'zaka za m'ma 1500, nsanjayo inamangidwanso kukhala nyumba yokhalamo, ndipo chikhalidwe chake chinawonjezeka. Valdau anakhala malo a chilimwe a Master of the Order. Nyumbayi imatchuka kwambiri povomereza Peter Wamkulu mu 1697.

M'zaka za m'ma 1800, boma la Prussia silinali lolimba, ndipo linathamangitsidwa ku sukulu yaulimi. Nyumbayi inagonjetsa mpandawo mpaka 2007. M'mbiri yamakono, mapikowo adathandizanso monga a hosteli ku Academy, yomwe pambuyo pa zaka mazana awiri ndi ziwiri adasandulika kukhala sukulu. Perestroika zofunikira zosiyana, mbali imodzi, inaloledwa kuti nyumbayi iwonongeke, pamtundu wina, pafupifupi kubisala chithunzi cha Order Castle, koma malo ake akale omwe anadutsa perestroika ndi kubwezeretsa. N'zosangalatsanso kuti Valdau adasungira malo osungirako zakale omwe sanasungire malo ena omwe ali m'dera la Kaliningrad.

Zithunzi zimakulolani kuti muyang'ane nyumba zakale komanso zokongola, koma ndi bwino kuziwona zikukhala moyo, makamaka popeza sukuluyo ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale m'makoma a Waldau. Pa chaka cha 750 cha nyumbayi (yomwe idakondweretsedwa mu 2014) nyumba yosungiramo zojambulazo inapanga mphatso kwa alendo ndi okonda kale - malo osamalidwa kale adatsukidwa ndi kutsegulidwa kuti ayang'ane, ndipo madzi a m'kati mwake adatsuka.

Zisonyezero zosatha zimakulolani kuti mudziwe zopezeka m'mabwinja pa malo osungirako zinyumba, ndi mbiri ya Prussia, Teutonic Order ndi nyumba yokhayokha. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imanenanso momwe dziko lapansi ndi nkhondo za Napoleonic zinakhudza zomangamanga.

Koenigsberg

Kaliningrad yokha, pamsewu wa Shevchenko, nyumba 2, pali mabwinja a nyumba imodzi yokongola kwambiri osati ku Russia, koma ku Ulaya konse. Ndi nyumba ya Koenigsberg, yomwe inapatsa dzina ndi moyo Kaliningrad yamakono. Kumayambiriro, mudzi womwewo unayambika ku tauni yaing'ono, ndipo kenako unakhala mzinda waukulu. Ndipo mabwinja a nyumbayi amakopa okaona osati ndi zakale zokha komanso zochititsa chidwi za museum, komanso ndi malo obisala, chifukwa, malinga ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, malo osamvetsetseka a Amber akuikidwa kwinakwake kuno.

Nyumba ya Koenigsberg inamangidwa ndi a Teutons pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1200, kenako inakhala malo a Prussia, idamangidwanso kwa Mfumu, ndiye inali ya a boma la Germany. Mbiri yakalekale inalola kuti nyumbayi ipulumuke zochitika zambiri zofunikira m'mbiri. Motero, iwo anaveka olamulira a Prussia, analandira mafumu a Peter Woyamba ndi a Russia, komanso Napoleon. Anakhala m'nyumba yachifumu ndi zikondwerero zina, zikondwerero, zikondwerero ndi zokondwerero.

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse inaphwanya dzikolo, ndipo mpaka 1993 mabwinja anasiyidwa. Pa nthawi imeneyi, Russian Academy of Sciences, yomwe inathandizidwa ndi ndalama za ku Germany, inkafufuzidwa ku Koenigsberg kuti ikafufuze malo a Amber. Chimodzi mwa machitidwe ake otayika ndi kuikidwa mmanda pansi pa mabwinja a nyumba yosweka. Kufufuzidwa kunapitirira mpaka 2007, koma sanawatsirize, pang'onopang'ono pulojekitiyi imawombera. Chipinda cha amber sichinapezekenso, koma adakumba ziwerengero zambiri za mbiri yakale. Izi ndi zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku zosiyana siyana, kuyambira ndi nyumba yokhayokhayo m'zaka za m'ma 1400, komanso zojambula zomangamanga zokhazokha (ambiri amasonyezedwa poyera ku Koenigsberg Museum), ndipo ngakhale zosangalatsa zoterezi zimapezeka ngati chinsinsi chamsana.

Lero, Konigsberg ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, yomwe imatchedwa "malo owonetsera masewera" omwe amawonekera poyera. Nthaŵi zonse, malo okonzedwanso amachitika pano, kumene kumangidwanso kukamenya nkhondo. Alendo angayesetse kudziŵa zida zamakedzana, kugula zikalata za ojambula ndi kulawa zapadera.

Nesselbek

Nyumbayi imatchedwa yokhayo yomwe ikugwira ntchito m'dera la Kaliningrad. Ndipotu, Nesselbek si nyumba yeniyeni yowona, ndi hotelo komanso malo ogulitsa zakudya zamakono, zomwe zimatchulidwanso bwino ngati nyumba yeniyeni ya Teutonic. Hotelo ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe imatiuza mbiriyakale ya Order, komanso chiwonetsero chodziwika kwa kuzunzidwa kwa zaka zapakatikati. Kotero, Nesselbek ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yoyendera alendo ku Kaliningrad - kufufuza malo owona enieni kudzapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo wabwino wa Middle Ages. Pali hotelo m'mudzi wa Orlovka (Kaliningrad dera). Nyumbayi imapereka malo ogona, komanso kukuitanani kuresitilanti, brewery ndi spa.