Kukonzekera mbatata mbewu kubzala. Yokonza tubers kwa kubzala mbatata. Konzani mbatata chifukwa chodzala mu kasupe, pamene kukwera kumera?

A kukolola mu kugwa, ndipo mukhoza kupeza yekha kukachitika kuti ikuchitika kusankha olondola zopangidwa tubers mbatata ndi kukonzekera chodzala m'chaka. Pamene Tingafinye pa kumera wa mbewu tubers kosungira, zimadalira njira kukonzekera ndi kubzala awo tsiku. Kubzala chuma ayenera mosamala kanthu. Ichi ndi malamulo ambiri chifukwa kulima mbewu iliyonse. Nthawi ntchito kukonzekera ndi tubers aliyense nyakulima akufuna. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti kusanja ndi mankhwala a mbatata ayenera akuyendera kasupe kapena yophukira (zokolola). Kodi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomera wathanzi yekha. Chitsamba ayenera kukhala tizilombo-free, ndipo mizu yake - muli zambiri tubers.

Kukonzekera mbewu chifukwa chodzala mbatata: tubers kusankha zikutanthauza mvula

Choyamba muyenera kugwira kusankha zinthu kubzala. Analimbikitsa kulemera kwa mbatata kuti saloledwa ntchito, kuyambira 30 magalamu 100. Akatswiri yomweyo kuthetsa tubers kuti kuyang'ana oipa kapena ndi mawonekedwe osasamba. Kudziletsa likhale kusankha ayenera kulabadira makhalidwe awa a chuma, zomwe zimachititsa kuti zosafunika kubzala:

- nthaka mbali ya mbewu chidwi ndi nematode ya;
- kuchokera tuber fungo zosasangalatsa zobwera;
- tubers anakakhala nkhanambo.

M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti mbatata kuonongeka ndi chinthu lakuthwa, koma ndi matenda, ndi loyenereradi kubzala. Mabala zambiri ankachitira ndi njira fungicide. Motero, khalidwe la mfundo kukula ayenera kukhala osachepera 85%.

nsoka wa tubers

Pambuyo kusankha koyamba ndi kupangidwa zogwirika kubzala, m'pofunika kuti kusanja m'magulu angapo. Kuyamba, kuzindikira ndi payokha zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo tubers lalikulu (yolemera magilamu 80). Gulu lachiwiri aumbike ku kukula avareji mbatata (yolemera magalamu 50 80). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tiyenera kukhalabe yekha yaing'ono kubzala zakuthupi wapangidwa mbatata kakang'ono magalamu 30-50.

kusanja

Ankafika zambiri ntchito gulu pakati pa tubers zosankhidwa. Pakuti zokolola, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mbali yaing'ono ya mbatata yaing'ono ndi yaikulu mu chaka chikubwerachi. wamaluwa odziwa osavomerezeka kusakaniza tubers chisanadze zosankhidwa. chifukwa kwagona kuti zitsamba chidzakula omangidwa, ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zomera kubisa pafupi.

Kudulidwa kwa tubers ziyenera kuchitika kupewa mavuto mosamala malangizo kwa kakwamba lapansi. Njira kumatha kumera m'goli. zomera adzakhala ndi kukula wofanana ndi chidzakula njira yomweyo.

tubers greening

Ananyemanyema zinthu kubzala m'magulu atatu lalikulu mukhoza kuyamba kukonzekera mbewu mbatata kubzala. Oyenera chodzala tubers okha ndi zikumera, kotero muyenera kuchita malo awo. mbatata anayikidwa mu chipinda ozizira ndi chosunga Kutentha mode. Kutentha analimbikitsa sayenera pansipa madigiri 10 Celsius. Koma ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti thermometer sanali kusonyeza makhalidwe kuposa madigiri 12. Malo malo ayenera bwino mpweya wokwanira ndipo ndi mpweya wabwino.

The chikhalidwe chachikulu malo bwino - pali kuchuluka okwanira kuwala. poona okha lamulo limeneli, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa mtundu anakhumba kuti ikamatera tubers. M'kuunika, mbatata kutembenukira wobiriwira. Kumaliza ndondomeko ayenera kutenga masiku osachepera 30. Kusintha mtundu wanu tubers salinso abwino anthu mowa, koma abwino kwa kubzala. Kubzala chuma kumafuna nthawi polojekiti. M'pofunika zonse kutembenuzira tubers, kotero kuti mbatata ndi wogawana wobiriwira.

Kusankha chidebe munda

Monga akasinja yosungirako angagwiritsidwe ntchito muli mandala pulasitiki. alimi ambiri ndinazolowera tubers vegetated mu mabokosi kuchokera mikate mu matumba ochiritsira kapena polyethylene. Malinga ndi akatswiri, ichi kwambiri amachepetsa nthawi yokonza zinthu kubzala. Mpofunika kuti mu mapepala apulasitiki mabowo angapo ang'onoang'ono lembani ufulu buku tubers mwa magawo awiri, ndipo muvale kumalekezero a thumba. Ndiye muyenera kukakumana phukusi ndi nsanamira mu gulu pakati pa chipindacho ozizira. M'pofunikanso kuthandiza anthu kupeza kuwala kokwanira.

Kukonzekera mbatata mbewu kubzala ndi kubzala limatchedwa vernalization m'kuunika. Koma pali njira zina zingapo zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, malinga mosavuta ndi zokonda za munda wa.

Kukondoweza mwa nthawi kumera

Njira ntchito pa nthawi imene wodzala mochedwa kwambiri mankhwala ndi chuma mawu kubzala. Zikatero, ntchito yokonza mbatata chifukwa chodzala mu kasupe ndi kumera akhoza speeded pang'ono. Pakuti ichi ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera wapadera chisanadze njira wopangidwa mwa msanganizo wa phulusa ndi mme- zinthu za sulphate mkuwa (kapena stimulant osiyana zomera zikule). M'pofunika kusunga anapangira zosakaniza pamene akukanda. Per lita imodzi ya madzi amafuna kotala supuni ya tiyi ya sulphate mkuwa, ndipo tifufuza zinthu akuwonjezeka pang'ono - kunsonga ya mpeni. Kuchuluka kwa phulusa mu zikuchokera aliyense nyakulima imalongosola yokha.

Okonzeka yankho ndi sprayed mbatata tsiku. Anandilola kuchepetsa njira ndi kuchita zinthu kubzala ulimi wothirira kamodzi mu masiku 3. Ena wamaluwa kwathunthu kumizidwa mu tubers lapansi. Izi ndi kupewa wabwino wa matenda, makamaka bowa. Nkofunika kuti overdo izo, akatswiri musati amalangiza kusunga mbatata mu njira kwa mphindi oposa awiri.

Atayanika tubers yachangu njira

Konzani mbatata chifukwa chodzala m'chaka mwanjira imeneyi ikuchitika pa nthawi imene palibe Nzofunikira kwa kumera zakuthupi kubzala, ndi nthawi ndi yochepa. Provyalivayut tubers amalangiza pa kutentha kwa madigiri 14 kuti 16. Murphy waikamo wosanjikiza woonda pa lathyathyathya pamwamba n'kulola kuima masiku 10. Chipinda ayenera kukhala wouma.

Yabwino n'chakuti pamene ntchito pochita mbatata kubzala, safuna kuti imapatsa kuwala mchipindamo. Njira yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zotsatira chifukwa si mkulu. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa isanayambike abnormally oyambirira masika, monga chuma kubzala adzakhala okonzeka m'ma April.

njira yonyowa

Pamene akukonzekera mbatata kubzala ntchito njira yonyowa, mbatata atakula si kuwala, koma mu filler yonyowa. Monga maziko gawo lapansi ndi amangoona ntchito madzi ankawaviika utuchi kapena mchenga (wamaluwa mu M'madera a zitunda kumpoto kutenga izi peat ochiritsira). mlingo kumera kwambiri kuchuluka: kwa yokonza zinthu kubzala chikukwanira masiku 15. Tubers akhoza kuika palibe kale kuposa April.

Malinga ndi ena alimi, pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi zinamera tubers kusunga zakudya zambiri ndipo angathe kubala mbewu zambiri wathanzi. The kuipa ndi kukana otsika mbatata ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Kutentha zinthu kubzala

Kukonzekera mbewu mbatata asanadzalemo ndi Kutentha tubers - njira yachangu kubala zinamera. Izo ntchito pa nthawi imene mbatata chiyani sizingamere chifukwa cha zinthu zosadziwika, ndi nthawi ntchito njira zina si. zakuthupi kubzala anakhalabe mu mpweya mkulu kutentha. Makhalidwe angafikire madigiri 35-40. Mu njira imeneyi, mphukira kuonekera ndipo mofulumira Atauka masamba. Tubers akonzekere kubzala patapita masiku 4.

Ntchito njira

tuber kumera akhoza inapita patsogolo ndi kupopera nyimbo kubzala zakuthupi kuti nonse muzikonda awo. Ndondomeko analimbikitsa musafitse kawirikawiri kuposa kamodzi pa masiku 5-6. M'pofunika ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, ena a iwo amene ali mndandanda izi:

1) nitrophosphate. ndende analimbikitsa: supuni imodzi malita atatu a madzimadzi.
2) feteleza "Effekton". amsupuni mmodzi wa zikuchokera wasukuluka malita atatu a madzi.
3) Urea. Ndi mitsuko atatu-lita ndi madzi Kumkwanira supuni imodzi yaing'ono.
Pamene ntchito njira n'kofunika kuti asapitirire ndende ya mankhwala mu madzi ndi kusunga mbewu chithandizo ndandanda.

Kudulidwa kwa tubers pa gawo

Kupulumutsa chuma kubzala, komanso akatswiri amavomereza kudula tubers kugawana ndi oyamba a mitundu yatsopano. Chotero yokonza mbewu mbatata chifukwa chodzala (odulidwa) imayenereza zoletsedwa ndi malamulo ochepa ambiri:

- Dulani tubers okha Zidamera. Zofunika kubzala yoyambitsidwa kwa masiku atatu (kupanga kutumphuka zoteteza).
- Kunenepa aliyense lobule ayenera kukhala osachepera magalamu 25.
- On pamwamba pa gawo khungu ayenera kukhala majeremusi oposa awiri.
- Kusunga tubers kudula mu mkangano chipinda mpweya pa kutentha ndi madigiri 18 kuti 25 ndi chinyezi wa 94% kuti 96%.
- Pa mbatata ayenera kuwala kokwanira.
- kudula anagwira mipeni zosapanga dzimbiri. Pambuyo lililonse tsamba odulidwa kupopera mankhwala mu 0.1% manganese njira 0.5% kapena salicylic asidi njira.

matenda Kuteteza

Izi pokonzekera kubzala mbatata pansi filimu ndi popanda chifukwa chitetezo cha zinthu mbewu njira zosiyana pa kumera. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati wamaluwa anayamba processing mbatata kuchepetsedwa potaziyamu permanganate kapena sulphate mkuwa. Njira imeneyi kumathandiza matenda tuber mochedwa choipitsa. Pakuti ndende kololeka wa sulphate mkuwa si kuposa supuni imodzi atatu malita a madzi. Manganese ndiye kuti sitimadzipereka mu madzi mpaka kukwaniritsa kwambiri chibakuwa yofiira njira. Mbatata choviikidwa kwa mphindi zochepa zikuchokera, kenako anayala ndipo analola kuti ziume.

Single mkuwa sulphate kapena manganese, ndi kulengeza ntchito kupemereredwa tubers ndi tchire wamng'ono. Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera kukaniza za zomera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a matenda akuluakulu ndi bwino deters tizirombo.

Konzani mbatata chifukwa chodzala mu kasupe, pamene kukwera kumera

Pakuti Kutentha ndi kumera wa tubers atengedwa kuchokera pansi kwa 30-35 masiku pamaso kubzala.

Wamaluwa kuchita, kuti ntchito yokonza mbewu mbatata kubzala ndi miyeso zotsika mtengo kwa zinamera tubers ingakhudze kwambiri pa zokolola. Njirazi musati amafuna ndalama yaikulu ya nthawi ndi khama, koma ndi phindu mofanana fetereza ndi, kusankha mitundu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito wothandizila zoteteza tizirombo ndi matenda zomera.

kukonzekera nthaka

kukonzekera Land kwa mbatata chodzala n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuphika malo abwino kugwa. kukonzekera nthaka chifukwa chodzala mbatata motere: nthaka Achotsa namsongole, anayambitsa pa 1 sq. mamita chawola kompositi ndowa kapena manyowa, 15 g mchere potassium 30 ga superphosphate. Pambuyo pake, kukumba pa mpeni, ndipo siziboola apezeka ndi. Izi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha bwinobwino overwintered mu tizirombo nthaka.