Kodi zigawo za Earth kulibe? Mayina ndi makhalidwe a zipolopolo dziko lapansi

Kapangidwe ka dziko lathuli si yunifolomu. Mmodzi tichipeza zigawo zingapo, kuphatikizapo nembanemba olimba ndi madzi. Kodi amatchedwa zigawo a Dziko Lapansi? Ndi angati a iwo? Kodi amasiyana mzake? Dziwani izi.

Monga zigawo za Earth anapanga?

Pakati pa mapulaneti lapadziko (Mars, Venus, Mercury) Dziko lapansi yaikulu kulemera, awiri ndi osalimba. Inakhalapo biliyoni 4.5 zaka zapitazo. Malinga ndi Baibulo lina, dziko lathuli, komanso ena, popangidwa ndi tinthu ting'ono kuti anatuluka pambuyo Big Bang.

Zinyalala, fumbi ndi gasi anayamba coalesce mchikakamizo yokoka ndipo anapeza mawonekedwe ozungulira. Proto anali mwamphamvu red-hot ndi kusungunuka kugwa pa mchere ake ndi zitsulo. zinthu lolemererapo anapita ku pakati lathuli, zochepa wandiweyani anapita cham'mwamba.

Choncho anaonekera zigawo loyamba la Dziko - pachimake ndi chovala. Pamodzi ndi iwo, ndipo panali maginito. Pamwamba pa pakhoma pang'ono ndi pang'ono utakhazikika ndi film, chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa makungwa TACHIMATA. Mu ndondomeko imeneyi ya dziko mapangidwe sanali mapeto, mfundo, iwo masiku ano.

Mpweya kuonekeratu chovala kosalekeza anathyola kunja mwa linagawanika kotekisi lapansi. weathering yaikulu anapanga mlengalenga. Kenako, pamodzi ndi hydrogen ndi helium, zinali kwambiri mpweya woipa. Madzi, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, inatulutsidwa mochedwa pa condensation ayezi amene anabweretsa asteroids ndi comets.

pachimake

zigawo lapansi anapereka pakati chobvala ndi khungwa. Iwo amasiyana katundu wawo. dziko ndiko kuchimake kwa pakati. Iwo anaphunzira zosakwana wrappers ena, ndipo mfundo zonse za izo Komabe kafukufuku, koma maganizo. The kutentha mkati pakati ukufika 10 000 madigiri, kotero mwayi, ngakhale ndi luso zabwino si koma n'zotheka.

Kore lagona pa akuya 2.900 Km. Amaona kuti ali zigawo ziwiri - kunja ndi mkati. Pamodzi ndi utali wozungulira pafupifupi wa 3.5 zikwi makilomita ndi zigwirizana chitsulo ndi faifi tambala. Amaganiza kuti pachimake anyamula sulfure, pakachitsulo, hayidirojeni, kaboni, phosphorous.

The M'kati ndi uliri olimba chifukwa cha mavuto aakulu. Kukula kwa utali wozungulira ake wofanana 70% ya utali wozungulira wa mwezi, ndilo m'ma 1200 Km. Phata akunja ndi madzi. Amakhala osati yachitsulo, komanso a sulfa ndi oxygen.

akunja pakati kutentha ranges ku madigiri 4 mpaka 6 zikwi. madzimadzi wake nthawi zonse kuyenda ndipo motero amakhudza munda Dziko Lapansi maginito.

chofunda

Chovala lozungulira pachimake ndi mlingo ambiri dongosolo la dziko. Ndi sikukudziwika kafukufuku mwachindunji ndi kuphunzira kudzera mwa njira geophysical ndi geochemical. Pamafunika za 83% ya dziko. Pansi padziko nyanja malire ake chapamwamba lagona pa akuya makilomita angapo pansi lonselo, Chiwerengerochi zomwe makilomita 70.

Iwo agawidwa magawo chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi pakati zomwe wosanjikiza Golicina. Monga zigawo kunsi kwa dziko lapansi, chovala ali mkulu kutentha - kuchokera 900 digiri 4000. Kugwirizana ndi viscous, osalimba a kolbeletsya ake malingana kusintha mankhwala ndi mavuto.

Pa zikuchokera chovala ngati meteorites miyala. Lili silicates, pakachitsulo, magnesium, zotayidwa, chitsulo, potaziyamu, calcium, ndi grospydites Carbonatites ndi zimene sizinalembedwa ali matanthwe a. Mchikakamizo cha kutentha amphamvu mlingo m'munsi, mchere ambiri ali decomposed mu oxides chofunda.

Wosanjikiza kunja kwa Dziko Lapansi

Pamwamba pakhoma ndi Moho, kutanthauza malire pakati zipolopolo zosiyanasiyana mipweya. Mu gawo ili la zivomerezi mathamangidwe ukuwonjezeka zikuchepa. Wosanjikiza chapamwamba lili kutumphuka dziko lapansi.

The gawo lakunja la chipolopolo pokhudzana ndi hydrosphere ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Mu nyanja ndi n'kakang'ono kuposa pa dziko. About 3/4 la madzi zikuto zake. kutumphuka kapangidwe akufanana ndi kutumphuka ya mapulaneti lapadziko ndi Moon pang'ono. Koma padziko lathuli lagawidwa chokhala ndi zikuluzikulu.

The kutumphuka zikuluzikulu ndi wachinyamata. Ambiri ukufanizidwa ndi miyala basaltic. Wosanjikiza makulidwe m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyanja ndi ku mtunda wa makilomita 5 mpaka 12.

The kutumphuka chokhala tichipeza zigawo zitatu. Pa pansi ndi granulites ndi zina miyala metamorphic. Pamwamba pawo ndi wosanjikiza lubwe ndi gneiss. Pamwamba tichipeza miyala nyanja. The kutumphuka chokhala limapangidwa mu kapangidwe kake wa zinthu 18, kuphatikizapo wa hydrogen, mpweya, pakachitsulo, zotayidwa, chitsulo, sodium ndi ena.

lithosphere

Limodzi mwa madera a envelopu Hrs wa dziko - ndi lithosphere. Umabweretsa pamodzi ndi zigawo za Earth monga chovala chapamwamba ndi kutumphuka. Nawonso adatanthauzira monga chipolopolo yaikulu ya dzikoli. wochindikala ndi 30 makilomita 70 makilomita kwa madambo mu mapiri.

The lithosphere lagawidwa nsanja khola zokwawa dera apangidwe, lomwe magawo zili mu mapiri ndi mapiri. Chapamwamba wosanjikiza olimba chipolopolo anapanga chiphalaphala mitsinje kuti anagumula kutumphuka wa pakhoma. Ndi lithosphere imeneyi imakhala crystalline miyala.

Ndi phunziro kwa njira kunja a Dziko Lapansi, monga weathering. Njira m'malaya osati kuchepa owonetseredwa mapiri ntchito zivomerezi, kayendedwe ka mbale lithospheric, phiri nyumbayi. Zimenezi, nawonso amakhudza kapangidwe ka lithosphere lapansi.