Kodi udindo wa nthaka mu thupi la munthu ndi chiyani?

Pakati pa zitsulo ayoni zomwe zili mbali ya mankhwala organic, malo ofunika limabweretsa nthaka. Biochemists anabweretsa mu gulu la kufufuza zinthu, amene zili mu cell ndi zosakwana 0,0001%. nthaka cations angapezeke onse pa nyama ndi zamoyo mbewu, chomwe ndi membala wa zinthu biologically yogwira, monga mahomoni ndi michere, nucleotides, lipids ndi esters. Udindo wa nthaka mu thupi la munthu wakufayo: n'kofunika kuti kagayidwe yoyenera, wabwinobwino Inde njira mthupi la ntchito ya ubereki. Mu pepala ili tikulingalira katundu wa mankhwala zambiri munali kufufuza chinthu nthaka, ndi zitsanzo pano yofotokoza kufunika kwake mu kukhala homeostasis wa thupi.

Nthaka atomu monga nthumwi complexing

michere kwambiri kupereka kuchititsa zochita za kagayidwe selo, zinthu zili zovuta muli ayoni chitsulo, magnesium, mkuwa, nthaka. Mu sayansi, iwo amatchedwa mankhwala organometallic. Udindo wa nthaka mu thupi kuti, monga ion chapakati, gawo la tinthu mahomoni, michere ndi zina biologically yogwira monga insulin, lactate, antiproteaznogo mapuloteni magazi. Taganizirani katundu kwawo zambiri.

The lamulo glycolysis

Imodzi mwa magawo a kagayidwe mphamvu maselo glycolysis - anoxic akuwaza shuga - waukulu chuma mphamvu selo. Iwo ikuchitika pamaso pa lactate dehydrogenase enzyme kumabweretsa kutembenuka kwa chakudya mu asidi lactic. Kugwiritsa lactate ziphe selo cytoplasm, kuti pogawanikana pamawere wa thunthu kwa pyruvic asidi vuto lililonse apanga mu cytosol kwa nthaka enzyme. Zimenezi kumabweretsa neutralization asidi lactic maselo mtima minofu, myocytes ndi nephrons, lomasula cytoplasm wa poizoni, amene akutsimikiza kufunika nthaka mu thupi la munthu. The zili lactate m'magazi ntchito matenda a matenda limodzi ndi nthenda kuwongola a kagayidwe, makamaka shuga pogawanikana pamawere, monga khansa chiwindi, m'mimba, m'mapapo, aimpso njira yotupa ndi kusintha osachiritsika mu minofu.

Udindo wa nthaka mu chitukuko chitetezo cha m'thupi

Lymph mfundo, thymus, wofiira mafupa, tonsils Maselo ndi zotsatira kutchulidwa zoteteza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,, mapuloteni ena ndi poizoni. Mlingo wa chitukuko cha chitetezo cha m'thupi limakhudza kwambiri pa thanzi la munthu, ndipo kumadalira mapangidwe yake ya zinthu zoteteza: chitetezo, interferon, phagocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages. Pamene anakhazikitsa maphunziro amuzolengedwa, zonse zinthu zakumwamba ndi maselo amene amalimbana opatsirana chiyambi, popangidwa ndi nawo mwachindunji amafotokozera kufufuza. Kufunika nthaka mu thupi kuti aphatikizidwe mapangidwe T-lymphocytes ndi maselo zachilengedwe wakupha. Iwo kunyamula katundu chachikulu kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo timene timayambitsa matenda akuluakulu, monga chifuwa chachikulu, chibayo, immunodeficiency syndrome, etc .. Komanso, nthaka ayoni yambitsa majini ma ayankhe yake kwa zinthu zopanikiza zachilengedwe ndi kupititsa sichisinthasinthanso thupi kwa iwo. Komanso mahomoni thymic ndi - thymosin, thymopoietin ndi timulin- kukhala achangu mu kukhalapo kwa particles nthaka zovuta kuti timapitiriza njira m'thupi.

Limagwirira cha zochita za micronutrient ndi tizilombo

Kukuza lingaliro la chimene ali ndi udindo nthaka mu thupi la munthu, tione ntchito yake mu kutsekereza kugawanika zidulo mkati ndi kaphatikizidwe zedi cha mavairasi. Zotsatira za mayesero microbiological anatsimikizira mbali mavairasi oyambitsa zotsatira za ayoni nthaka pa toyambitsa matenda monga nsungu, encephalitis, fuluwenza. Makamaka, ndi kufufuza chinthu amalimbikitsa amasulidwe mu mwazi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya interferon, amene amathandiza mu magawo oyambirira a matenda kuletsa kafalitsidwe mofulumira particles HIV. Zimenezi zikugwira makamaka ndondomeko ya kusinthika kwa mapuloteni a tizilomboto kuti ali oletsedwa. Choncho, ntchito zamoyo nthaka mu thupi odana ndi tizilombo zotsatira zake amphamvu operekedwa ndi luso maselo kukana wothandizila tizilombo.

Nthaka nthawi ntchito ubereki wabwino wa munthu?

Luso kubereka ndi kubereka ana - chuma chofunika kwambiri a zamoyo zonse. Mtembo mkazi ayenera nthaka pa mimba ndi akusowa ake amasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda premenstrual: litsipa, maonekedwe a puffiness ndi spasms chopweteka. Ndi kufufuza chinthu ndi zofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko kabwino ka zoberekera ndi chonde gametes - umuna. Chachimuna mtundu thupi ulili, kugwira ntchito za masiku onse gonads ndi - ndi testes ndi prostate, umuna viability - kuti ali ndi udindo nthaka mu thupi wamwamuna. Nthaka monga nthumwi complexing ali m'gulu zikuchokera akuluakulu timadzi kugonana - testosterone ndi udindo dongosolo lonse spermatogenesis, ndipo mwamuna katundu ubereki libido.

Kukula kwa chamoyo ndi kudalira kwake kwa mankhwala organic nthaka

Amadziwika kuti pituitary zapambuyo umabala somatotropin timadzi, amene amasankha njira thupi kukula fupa. Pamodzi ndi kukula timadzi ndi apanga mu ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa mamolekyulu insulin amene ali polypeptides ndipo anaitana somatomedins. Iwo ali nthaka maatomu ndi pamodzi ndi somatotropin alowe magazi, zokhudza njira osteogenesis. yambiri zinthu kukula kumabweretsa matenda monga acromegaly ndi gigantism (yakusatetezeka miyendo yaitali), ndi kusowa kwa timadzi amachititsa dwarfism. mfundo zonse pamwamba kutsimikizira zikuluzikulu udindo wa nthaka mu thupi la mwanayo, amene kukula njira akulamulidwa mahomoni nthaka-okhala.

Ntchito ya enzyme carbonic anhydrase

Mu njira catabolic mu maselo interstitial madzimadzi amasonkhana ndalama owonjezera kuwonongeka mankhwala: acetaldehyde, esters, mpweya. Pofuna kupewa kuledzera gulu enzyme zikuphatikizapo carbonic anhydrase chamoyo. Lili ndi zovuta za ayoni nthaka ndi timapitiriza anachita zinthu zoipa ndi madzi. Chifukwa cha hydration n'chongoletsa poizoni kuti mankhwala chabwinobwino maselo monga asidi carbonic. The puloteni pamodzi ndi hemoglobin mbali ya maselo ofiira a nyama zonse, osati anthu. Carbonic anhydrase chikukhudza nthaka ndi ili maselo ofiira a magazi, izo imayendetsa kuwonongeka poizoni salt asidi zidulo carbonate kuti kudziunjikira m'mwazi chifukwa kupuma mkati, madzi ndi mpweya. Zimenezi zikutsimikizira ntchito yofunika nthaka ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo.

Nthaka munali enzyme - insulin

Kapamba - chimodzi cha ziwalo yaikulu ya dongosolo m'mimba, amapangira zida lonse la michere yofunika timadzi, mmodzi amene ali insulin. Lili unyolo mapuloteni awiri, angathe kumanga kwa ayoni nthaka. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, insulin amachita pa shuga opezeka madzi a m'magazi. Amachepetsa zotsala kuwonekera pambuyo ingestion chakudya zili mkate, mbatata, mankhwala Confectionery. The timadzi amapangidwa ndi tizilumba tina wa Langerhans a kapamba, ndi analibe Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga. Kufunika nthaka mu thupi akali chakuti insulin munali komanso mmoyo kagayidwe mapulotini lipids, wopita ku depositary mafuta mu omentum ndi subcutaneous adipose minofu.

Koopsa ndi kupanda nthaka kuti thanzi la munthu?

Poyamba, ife anatsimikiza kuti kupezeka kwa kufufuza chinthu monga atomu chapakati mankhwala zovuta organic akuimira mu mamolekyulu wa michere osiyana. Lodziwika mwa iwo uli zinthu biologically yogwira - carboxypeptidase munali nthaka ayoni. Michere aphatikizidwa madzi pancreatic ndiponso zofunika chimbudzi yachibadwa chakudya mu duodenum ndi yaing'ono intestine. Iwo nawo kaphatikizidwe mahomoni zofunika kuti kuchepetsa kagayidwe: vasopressin, oxytocin, insulin. Kutsimikiziridwa chikoka pa nthaka munali carboxypeptidases njira ya clotting magazi, minofu kukonza, kubalana ntchito. Zikuonekeratu kuti akusowa nthaka amakhudza umoyo ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: sakuyendetsa lakuthwa mu chitetezo chokwanira, chiwopsezo kuti maganizo limati, matenda a dongosolo m'mimba, ndi kuvutika ntchito ubereki mu chitukuko. Zonsezi zingachititse kuti inasinthiratu mu thupi la munthu.

Mtengo wa zakudya zabwino kupewa kuperewera kwa nthaka

Chinthu chapadera cha zinthu kufufuza ndi kuti pang'onopang'ono chosakanikirana ndi ziwalo m'mimba kwa masamba ndi nyama mankhwala: ng'ombe, mkaka, chiponde, dzungu ndi nthangala za zitsamba. Amachepetsa nthaka mayamwidwe villi ina yaing'ono intestine epithelium okhutira kwambiri mu chyme CHIKWANGWANI yosakongola, kupatsidwa folic acid, ayoni mkuwa, calcium ndi cadmium, amene muzikangana nthaka. Lamulo tsiku la kufufuza amafotokozera ana - 3 mpaka 7 mg, akazi - 8 mg, Amuna - 11 mg. Mwachidule udindo wa nthaka mu thupi la munthu akhoza yodziwika motere: pamene mu kapamba, gonads, chiwindi, minofu lymphocytes, ndi kufufuza chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ku kuyenda kwa bwino kwa zochita kagayidwe kachakudya ukugwirira ntchito ya m'mimba, endocrine ndi anthu machitidwe ubereki.