Kodi ndi kumene mavwende kukula?

Ife tonse tikudziwa za ubwino kwambiri zipatso ndi zipatso, amene zipse m'chilimwe ndi yophukira oyambirira. Iwo sangakhoze yekha kudyedwa mu mawonekedwe zosaphika, komanso kupeza nyumba yopangidwa. M'nkhani lero tikambirana kumene mavwende kukula ndipo zipatso amayamikiridwa.

A mwachidule mbiri

Home kuti izi lokoma zipatso milozo amaonedwa kukhala Africa. Malinga ambiri botanists, likulu la chiyambi ndi Kalahari chipululu. M'gawo limeneli, ndipo lero pali m'nkhalango yakuthengo ya zipatso.

Amene samadziwa malo mavwende kukula, adzakhala anadabwa atazindikira kuti masiku zipatso nakulitsa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi amene ankadziwika zaka zikwi zinayi zapitazo. M'masiku amenewo anali owawa mu kukoma ndi kukula akuyandikira manyumwa. Mozungulira 2000 BC, chipatso anali woyamba anatulukira ndi Aiguputo akale, amene ayamba mwachangu kumukweza izo.

Pa gawo la Russia vembe anachokera India za 8-10 atumwi. Poyamba, anayamba kukula mu dera Volga, koma m'zaka za m'ma XVII izo yafalikira kumadera ena a dziko.

Wapatali katundu wa zipatso

Amene akufuna kumvetsa pamene mavwende kukula, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa zimene zili zothandiza. Choyamba, mwana wosabadwayo izi optimizes dongosolo m'mimba. Ali zamkati CHIKWANGWANI ake amalimbikitsa kukula yogwira ndi chitukuko cha microflora opindulitsa.

Vembe ndi njira imodzi yaikulu ya wothandizila zamchere chofunika n'chongoletsa asidi owonjezera kulowa la munthu, pamodzi ndi mkate, nyama, nsomba komanso mazira. mfundo zipatso za kupatsidwa folic acid amathandiza kuchotsa matenda a mtima ndipo amagwira ntchito mwachangu mu chiphunzitso cha amino zidulo. Komanso, zamkati ndi wolemera vembe chitsulo salt. Choncho akulimbikitsidwa anthu akuvutika magazi m'thupi.

Kodi mavwende kukula?

Mu Russia, pamlingo mafakitale ali otukuka mu dera Volga ndi Urals Kumwera. Astrakhan ndi Volgograd vwende alimi pa nthawi yaitali sanathe kudziwa za m'madera awiri awa ali ndi ufulu adzatchedwa dziko vembe likulu. Mtsutsano linathera zaka zingapo zapitazo. Kutha kwa ndewu kuika mutu wa Utumiki wa Agriculture Aleksey Gordeev. Zinali iye amene anasaina lamulo umene Russia anali Astrakhan dera kukula mzinda wa mabulosi uwu.

Amene akufuna kumvetsa pamene mavwende kukula mu dziko, zidzakhala zosangalatsa, kuti m'minda yawo ndi m'mayiko ambiri ndi nyengo yofunda. Kulima chipatso ichi kale chinkhoswe okhala Thailand, Greece, Egypt ndi Spain.

Zipatso ndi nyama yellow

Mu maonekedwe mofanana kwambiri vembe wamba. Kusiyana komwe kulipo ndi kukhalapo kwa mtundu wakuda ndi magulu bwino kumatanthauza. Nthawi zina msika aone zonse zipatso zachikasu. Thupi mtundu umaonekera kukoma kwake. Berry Izi ndi zothandiza kuti thanzi la munthu, koma muli zochepa shuga.

Amene sadziwa kumene chikasu mavwende, adzadabwa mthunzi zimene zipatso chifukwa kukhalapo kwa carotenoids, ndithu kulimbikitsa kuwombola intercellular. Komanso zachilendo hue zamkati ndi vitamini A, chitsulo, calcium ascorbic asidi, ndi CHIKWANGWANI. Zoterezi chidwi zikuchokera vembe chikasu amathandiza kusintha masomphenya, kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kusintha tsitsi, misomali ndi mafupa.

M'miyezi yotentha ambiri m'mayiko European mwakula wozungulira vembe chikasu. Anthu a ku Asia yokolola zipatso oblong m'nyengo yozizira. Russia yapereka osiyanasiyana, lotchedwa chikondwererochi. kununkhira kwake ndi amatikumbutsa zipatso angapo (mandimu, vwende ndi peyala). M'minda yaikulu ya zipatso lodabwitsa ili mu Astrakhan.

Kukula vembe mu greenhouses

Kumanga dongosolo limene kusunga ndi chipatso, Ndi bwino m'chaka oyambirira. nthawi yabwino kuphunzitsa imatengedwa kuti ndi kutentha mu March ndi April.

Kumvetsa pamene kukula mavwende, tisaiwale kuti ayenera anabzala palibe kale kuposa mapeto a May. makama adzaikidwe pamodzi mpanda wa kutentha ndi. M'lifupi mzere umodzi sayenera kuposa masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu. Nkofunika onetsetsani kuti pakati pa zomera oyandikana anali mtunda wa mita imodzi.

Asanadzalemo ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera nthaka bwino. Chifukwa chaichi kuti umuna ndi sulphate ammonium, manyowa, zimene salt potassium peat ndi superphosphate. Mu masiku oyambirira khumi mu wowonjezera kutentha mpweya kutentha sayenera upambana madigiri makumi atatu.

Feteleza ndi kusamalira zipatso

Kuyambira nthawi pamene chikwapu linakula masentimita twente-faifi, m'pofunika manyowa. Woyamba pamwamba kuvala ayenera zigwirizana wa mullein kapena nkhuku manyowa. wachiwiri ikuchitika ndi nitrate ammonium. Izo pamaso budding. Kachitatu manyowa zomera pamaso mapangidwe ambiri m'mimba. Kuti izi yothetsera ongokhala mullein (1: 6) kapena nkhuku manyowa (1:10).

Kwa amene kale kudziwa kumene mavwende kukula, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ntchito yawo ulimi wothirira madzi ofunda. Nkofunika kuti likulowerera nthaka, osati masamba kapena zimayambira. Madzi zomera tikulimbikitsidwa pambuyo kudyetsa.

Kuti akope mungu tizilombo akhoza sprayed ndi yankho la m'minda pa maziko a uchi kapena shuga. Nthawi zina, ndondomeko imeneyi ikuchitika pamanja. Mungu otengedwa duwa wamwamuna anasamutsa kwa wamkaziyo.

Pa chomera chomwecho sayenera oposa sikisi mazira a. Chifukwa zingwe mavwende akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito waya trellis. Iwo kukokera pa mtunda wa pafupi theka la mita padera. Pamene tsinde umalandira masentimita makumi m'litali, ndi womangidwa kwa trellis lapansi. Anthu mphukira ndi n'kuwasanganiza, amene ali pansipa, Ndi bwino kuyeretsa. The zipatso, apulo wamkulu kwa makulidwe lalikulu, zikugwirizanira gululi ndi Ufumuyo waya mkulu.

Nkofunika nthawi zonse ventilate ndi wowonjezera kutentha imene mavwende wamkulu. Apo ayi, mkulu chinyezi kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana zomera. zokolora tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita patapita masiku anayi pambuyo kuthirira lomaliza.