Kodi dzina ndi mawonekedwe a Way wathu. Dzina la nyenyezi mu mlalang'amba wathu

Nyenyezi kuthambo kuyambira kale anakopeka maganizo a anthu. Maganizo abwino a mitundu yonse ayesetsa kumvetsa malo athu m'chilengedwe chonse, kuganiza ndi zifukwa chipangizo ake. patsogolo Scientific walola kupita mu akuyendayenda expanses lalikulu la chilengedwe kuchokera yamanga chikondi ndi chipembedzo nawatsimikizira kutsimikizidwa ziphunzitso, zochokera zinthu zambiri yoona. Tsopano, uliwonse wophunzira ali ndi lingaliro la chimene chimaoneka Way athu, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa posachedwapa, amene, chifukwa chiyani, pamene iye anam'patsa dzina ngati ndakatulo, nanga Akuti tsogolo lake.

Chiyambi cha dzina

Mawu akuti "Milky Way" Ndipotu, ndi tautology. Galactikos mu ziri anawamasulira ku njira Greek "yamkaka". Choncho anthu a Peloponnese ankatchedwa m'bulu wa nyenyezi zokhala mu m'mwamba usiku, anasonyeza kuti inachokera Hera moto wamkazi sanafune kudyetsa Heracles, wapathengo mwana wa Zeu, ndi mkwiyo squirt mkaka. Akutsikira ndipo anapanga njanji Nyenyezi kuziona pa usiku bwino. patapita zaka, asayansi anatulukira kuti dziko ananena - gawo chabe ting'onoting'ono zakuthambo alipo. Danga la chilengedwe chonse, chomwe ndi dziko lathuli, anapereka dzina la Way kapena Milky Way dongosolo. Pambuyo natsimikiza kopanda kuli magulu ena ofanana mu malo oyamba anakhala ndi mawu iwo konsekonse.

mkati view

sayansi za loukitsa Akufa, kuphatikizapo dongosolo dzuwa, pang'ono wachotsedwa Agiriki akale. Kumvetsa momwe Way wathu zikuwonekera, zayambika ku dziko ozungulira a Aristotle ku ziphunzitso zamasiku ano limene pali malo mabowo wakuda ndi nkhani mdima.

chakuti Lapansi - dongosolo mchitidwe Milky Way, amaika malire ena amene akuyesera kuti adzaone zomwe mtundu wa mawonekedwe ndi Way wathu. Yankho lomveka ku funso limeneli kumafuna view kuchokera kunja, ndi pa mtunda waukulu chinthu chidwi. Tsopano sayansi akapanda zimenezi zingathe. mtundu wa m'malo mwa kunja amatsata amakhala Kutolere Way Kapangidwe ka deta ndi malumikizanidwe awo ndi magawo a machitidwe ena danga ofotokoza yochitira phunziro.

Deta kulola ife kuti motsimikiza kuti Way athu ali ndi chimbale mawonekedwe ndi lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi (lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi) pakati ndi diverging kuchokera pakati pa mikono mwauzimu. Yotsirizira muli yowala nyenyezi dongosolo. awiri a chimbale ndi oposa 100,000 kuwala zaka.

kapangidwe

Galactic Center wabisika ndi fumbi interstellar, lomwe likuletsa kuphunzira kalembedwe. Thandizani kupirira vuto la njira ya wailesi zakuthambo. Pa adziwana dzulo yeniyeni mosavuta kuthana ndi mavuto alionse ndi kupereka chithunzi kwambiri wolakalakika. Way wathu, deta analandira dongosolo sakanikira.

Conventionally, pali awiri kugwirizana mchitidwe wina ndi mnzake: kampira ndi chimbale yoyenera. The subsystem woyamba ali ndi makhalidwe awa:

• mawonekedwe ndi malo;

• amaona kuti likulu la lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi ya;
• apamwamba ndende nyenyezi kampira khalidwe la mbali apakatikati, ndi njira ya m'mbali mwa kachulukidwe yafupika kwambiri;
• ndi kasinthasintha wa zone Way Tinkaona;
• ndi kampira anapeza nyenyezi makamaka akale ndi kulemera wotsika;
• subsystems danga ndithu wodzazidwa ndi nkhani mdima.

Galactic pang'ono nyenyezi kachulukidwe ndi wamkulu kuposa kampira lapansi. The manja kukumana ndi achinyamata ndiponso ngakhale monga akutulukira danga zinthu.

Center ndi pachimake

"Mtima" wa Milky Way ndi mu kuwundana wa Sagittarius. Popanda kuphunzira sakumvetsa tanthauzo Way wathu. Dzina "pachimake" ntchito za sayansi kapena amangonena za m'dera lapakati ndi awiri a parsecs ochepa, kapena chikuphatikizapo lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi ndi mphete gasi, amene ankaona malo nyenyezi. Kenako, chimake choyamba ntchito liwu.

Mu likulu la Milky Way si mosavuta mkatikati kuwala owoneka: iye anakumana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha fumbi dziko amabisa kuwonetsa kwa mlalang'amba wathu. Photos ndi mafano, anatengedwa pa mlengalenga ngati kuwala infuraredi asayansi kwambiri kukuza kudziwa za ngale ya.

Data pa cheza makamaka m'chigawo chapakati cha Way chinachititsa asayansi kukhulupirira kuti pa maziko a pakati ndi dzenje wakuda. misa ndi oposa 2.5 nthawi misa ya dzuwa. Mozungulira chinthu ichi, malinga ndi ofufuza, izo zimayenda limodzi, koma zochepa chidwi pa magawo, una wakuda. chidziwitso Current za mbali ya kapangidwe ka chilengedwe amasonyeza kuti izi zinthu ndi pakati pa nyenyezi kwambiri.

Kuwala ndi mdima

Ophatikizana chikoka mabowo wakuda pa chisonyezo cha nyenyezi asinthe mu mawonekedwe a Way wathu: imbaendesa munthu ku kusintha achindunji zili m'njira ya zakuthambo uncharacteristically Mwachitsanzo, pafupi dongosolo la zowalitsa. Kuphunzira trajectories awa ndi chiŵerengero cha velocities ndi mtunda kuchokera pakati galactic lagona pa maziko tsopano mwachangu kukhala chiphunzitso cha nkhani mdima. Chikhalidwe cha kutha sikukudziŵika. Pamaso pa nkhani mdima, mwina yosatheka ambiri zikuluzikulu za nkhani zonse m'chilengedwe chonse zalembedwa yekha pa zotsatira yokoka chabe pa kanjira.

Ngati amachotsa fumbi lonse dziko amene abisa kwa ife pakati maso kutsegula chithunzi chidwi. Ngakhale ndende ya nkhani mdima, gawo ili la chilengedwe ndi lowala panamveka ndi nambala yaikulu nyenyezi. Wina unit wa mlengalenga ndi maulendo kuposa pafupi dzuwa. Pafupifupi biliyoni khumi a iwo apanga galactic bala, amatchedwanso mlatho, ndithu alipidwa mawonekedwe.

Space mtedza

Pakatikati kuphunzira dongosolo mu losatha nkotheka kupeza mwatsatanetsatane infuraredi fano. Way athu, monga kunapezeka, mu phata ali ndi dongosolo amatikumbutsa mtedza mu mthunzi. Izi "nati" ndipo ali jumper, womwenso oposa 20 miliyoni zimphona chofiira (owala, koma zochepa otentha nyenyezi). Kuchokera kumalekezero a bala divergent manja mwauzimu wa Milky Way.

Ntchito zokhudzana atulukira "chiponde" mu limazungulira dzuŵa, osati kuunikira momwe Way dongosolo lathu, komanso kuthandiza kumvetsetsa mmene wakhala kusanduka. Poyamba, mu malo a chilengedwe munali chimbale zofunika, amene anapanga mlatho nthawi. Mothandizidwa ndi njira mkati mwa mowa anasintha mawonekedwe ake ndipo anakhala phokoso ngati mtedza ndi.

nyumba zathu ndi pa mapu danga

Yogwira nyenyezi mapangidwe chimachitika mlatho, ndi mikono mwauzimu, amene ali Way wathu. Dzinali iwo anapatsidwa pa magulu, amene ziwembu nthambi anapezeka: Perseus mkono, Cygnus, Centaurus, Sagittarius ndi Orion. Near yotsirizira (pa mtunda wa osachepera 28 zaka chikwi kuwala kwa phata) ndipo ndi dongosolo dzuwa. Dera limeneli lili ndi makhalidwe ena, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri apanga zotheka zikamera wa moyo padziko lapansi.

Way ndi dongosolo lathu dzuwa atembenuza ndi izo. Malamulo a zoyenda wa munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu mu nkhani iyi si chomwecho. A ambiri nyenyezi nthawi ndi mbali ya nthambi mwauzimu, izo ndi wosiyana iwo. Only magetsi pa corotation bwalo malire, sizipanga amenewa "kuyenda." Zikuphatikizapo dzuwa, kutetezedwa ku njira zamphamvu zimene mowirikiza zikuchitika mu manja a. Ngakhale kusamutsidwa pang'ono kuti negate ubwino ena onse chitukuko cha zamoyo padziko lathuli.

Thambo ndi diamondi

Dzuwa - imodzi yokha ya matupi ambiri ofanana, lomwe ladzala Way wathu. Nyenyezi, osakwatira kapena m'magulu, chiwerengero choposa deta atsopano biliyoni 400 The pafupi ndi ife, Proxima Centauri ndi mbali ya dongosolo la nyenyezi zitatu ndi pang'ono akutali Alpha Centauri A ndi Alpha Centauri B. Mfundo yowala kwa nyenyezi., Sirius A, ali Canis Major. luminosity zake mogwirizana ndi magwero osiyanasiyana kuposa dzuwa mu nthawi 17-23. Sirius komanso sindikhala pa ndekha, iye limodzi ndi Kanema wa atasenza dzina ofanana, koma amalembedwa B.

Nthawi zambiri ana amayamba timudziwe bwino mmene Way wathu zikuwonekera, ndi kufufuza mu mlengalenga kapena North Star Alpha Ursa Minor. kutchuka kwake iwo kukhala malo pamwamba pa North Pole a Dziko Lapansi. Luminosity kumalo ozizira kwambiri kuposa Sirius (pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri nthawi kwakukulu koposa kwa Sun), koma akhoza satsutsana ndi ufulu wa Alpha Canis Major mutu chidwi kwambiri chifukwa kunali kutali lapansi (pafupifupi pakati pa 300 ndi 465 zaka kuunika).

mitundu ya nyenyezi

nyenyezi osati luminosity ndi kutalikirana amatsata lapansi. Lililonse analembedwa mtengo ena (lolingana wagawo watengedwera dzuwa), mlingo wa Kutentha pamwamba, mtundu.

Miyeso yochititsa chidwi ndi supergiants. Ndende lalikulu la thunthu mu wagawo buku la nyutironi nyenyezi zosiyanasiyana. makhalidwe mtundu inextricably zokhudzana ndi kutentha:

• wofiira, ozizira kwambiri;
• Kutentha pamwamba mpaka 6 000º, ngati dzuwa, amabala azioneka wachikasu;
• woyera ndi buluu kuunika kutentha kuposa 10 000º.

luminosity la nyenyeziyo siyana ndi kufika pazipita atatsala pang'ono kugwa kwake. mabomba Supernova akupanga chopereka zikuluzikulu kumvetsetsa chimene chimaoneka Way wathu. Photos of ndondomeko opangidwa izi telesikopu ndi chodabwitsa.
Anasonkhanitsa pa maziko a anapeza zathandiza kuti abwezeretse ndondomeko zimene zinachititsa kuti mliri, ndi kulosera tsoka angapo a matupi dziko.

Tsogolo la Milky Way

Way wathu ndi nyenyezi zina zonse pa kusuntha ndi kucheza. Zakuthambo anatulukira kuti Milky Way mobwerezabwereza kuzidya anansi. njira zofanana akuyembekezeka m'tsogolo. Pa nthawi, adzaphatikizapo Magellanic Mtambo ndi chiwerengero cha machitidwe nyenyezi yaing'ono. Mwambo yochititsa chidwi chikuyembekezeka mu zaka biliyoni 3-5. Ichi chidzakhala kuwombana ndi Andromeda, yekha anzathu kuti ali kuoneka Lapansi ndi apoyera. Chifukwa wa Milky Way adzakhala elliptical Way.

Wosatha expanses wa danga kunyezimira. Layman zovuta kumvetsa osati lonse wa Milky Way, kapena chilengedwe chonse, koma ngakhale Earth. Komabe, chifukwa patsogolo sayansi tingaganizire nthawi zina mbali ya dziko ali kwambiri.