Kaswili: kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chowunikira Makutu

Sound mafunde ndi Phokoso pa pafupipafupi ena opatsirana pa TV zonse zitatu: madzi, olimba ndi gaseous. Kumvetsa ndi kutanthauzira mwamuna wawo kumeneko kumva limba - khutu, chomwe akunja, pakati komanso mkati mbali, amatha kulandira mauthenga ndi kupatsira kuti ubongo kwa processing. Mfundo imeneyi ntchito mu thupi la munthu wofanana ndi khalidwe la diso. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya analyzers zithunzi ndi Makutu ali ofanana, kusiyana ndi kuti kumva si kusakaniza mafurikwense wailesi, amatenga padera, mwinanso kugawana mawu osiyana ndi phokoso. Nayenso diso ophatikizana mafunde kuwala kupeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mithunzi.

Lamayimbidwe chowunikira, kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Photos magulu yaikulu ya khutu la munthu, mukhoza kuona m'nkhani ino. Khutu - limba waukulu kumva anthu, pamafunika phokoso ndipo akutumiza pa ku ubongo. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito za chowunikira ndi lamayimbidwe Mwina zambiri onse khutu mmodzi yekha mgwirizano ntchito kutengerapo nyemba ku likalowa m'makutu kuti tsinde komanso ubongo yokhudza kotekisi zigawo udindo processing deta analandira.

Thupi amachititsa kuzindikira mawu makina, tichipeza zigawo zitatu. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mbali ya chowunikira ndi lamayimbidwe ndi osiyana, koma kuchita opaleshoni ambiri - amaonera phokoso ndi kutengerapo awo kuti ubongo kwa kusanthula zina.

Khutu lakunja zochititsa ndi thunthu

Chinthu choyamba chimene chimachita mafunde phokoso pa njira yopita ku kuzindikira tanthauzo lake, ndi khutu lakunja. Thunthu ndi losavuta: ndi pinna ndipo Makutu kunja ngalande, lomwe ndi kugwirizana pakati pawo ndi makutu pakati. Okha Amakhala wa auricle cartilaginous mbale 1 mamilimita wandiweyani, yokutidwa ndi perichondrium ndi chikopa, ndiye kuti akumanidwa minofu minofu ndi sanayende.

The mmunsi mwa mthunzi - ndi khutu, izi minofu mafuta ataphimbidwa ndi khungu ndi atagonjetsa zambiri molekezera mitsempha. Ndi bwino akudutsa mu nyuzi lakuya Makutu meatus, tragus zochepa protivokozelkom kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Mu ndime wamkulu ndi 2.5 masentimita yaitali ndipo 0.7-0.9 masentimita awiri, tichipeza mkati ndi membranous chichereŵechereŵe-kugawikana. Okha likalowa m'makutu a, kuseri kwake khutu pakati akuyamba.

Kakhungu ndi pepala fibrous mu mawonekedwe a chowulungika ndi, pamwamba pa zomwe zimapanga akhoza pachifukwa nyundo, kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo makutu pupochek ndi waufupi dzanja. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chowunikira Makutu, anapereka gawo monga khutu lakunja ndi Kakhungu tympanic, udindo wogonjetsa phokoso la processing yaikulu ndi kutengerapo ndiye kuti gawo pakati.

Pakati khutu zochititsa ndi thunthu

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya m'madipatimenti Makutu chowunikira ndi ukasintha osiyana ndi mzake, ndipo ngati thunthu la gawo lakunja la mlendo zonse, kuphunzira zokhudza khutu pakati komanso mkati ayenera tcheru kwambiri. Khutu pakati ndi anayi cavities pneumatic inakula ndi Chipala.

Mbali yaikulu kuti amachita ntchito yaikulu ya khutu - ndi tympanum, pamodzi ndi nasopharynx eustachian timachubu, kudzera pabowo ili amapezeka magawanidwe a dongosolo lonse. M'mimbamo yokha imakhala ya zipinda zitatu, ndi makoma asanu a ossicles Makutu, amene nawonso, amasonyeza nyundo, Chipala ndi stirrup. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito za chowunikira lamayimbidwe khutu pakati kusintha analandira kuchokera kunja kwa phokoso mu Phokoso makina, kenako zimafalitsa kuti madzimadzi chomwe chimadzaza M'mimbamo mkati mwa khutu.

Khutu mkati, mbali yake ndi thunthu

Khutu mkati dongosolo zovuta kwambiri mabungwe onse atatu a chithandizo kumva. Izo zikuwoneka ngati ndikuyenda, umene uli kwambiri fupa wosakhalitsa, ndipo fupa ndi kapisolo, ndi kulolerana wa mapangidwe membranous, amene akubwereza dongosolo la kukhotakhota Bony. Conventionally, makutu lonse chidagawika patatu chachikulu:

• Avereji ndikuyenda - pakhomo;
• kutsogolo kukhotakhota - nkhono;
• kumbuyo kukhotakhota - atatu semicircular ngalande.

Kukhotakhota akubwereza kapangidwe ka fupa ndi M'mimbamo pakati pa kachitidwe awiri ladzala ndi perilymph, chokhala mu zikuchokera plasma ake ndi madzimadzi cerebrospinal. Nawonso M'mimbamo mu kukhotakhota membranous wodzazidwa ndi endolymph, zikuchokera ofanana ndi madzimadzi okhudza maselo ambiri.

Kumva chowunikira, kapangidwe ka khutu, mkati khutu cholandilira ntchito

Zimagwirira ntchito, ntchito ya khutu mkati lagawidwa ntchito ziwiri: kufala kwa mafurikwense zomveka ubongo ndi mgwirizano kayendedwe. A mbali yaikulu kufala kwa phokoso ku dipatimenti ubongo amachita nkhono mbali zosiyana kuti akaona Phokoso ndi mafurikwense osiyana. Phokoso onsewa amadzisankhira Kakhungu basilar, yokutidwa ndi tufts maselo tsitsi stereolitsy pamwamba. Ndi maselo amenewa kutembenuza Phokoso ku zikhumbo magetsi kuti apite ku ubongo ndi mitsempha Makutu. Lililonse Kakhungu tsitsi ali ndi kukula osiyana ndi kutola phokoso yekha pafupipafupi mosamalitsa kumatanthauza.

Mfundo ntchito zida za vestibular

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chowunikira Makutu Sichikupezeka amaonera ndi processing wa phokoso umagwira ntchito yotamandika kwambiri wonse galimoto ntchito ya munthu. Ntchito ya zida za vestibular, kumene kumakhudza galimoto kuyenda, kukakomana ndi madzimadzi wodzala ndi mbali ya khutu lamkati. Ntchito yaikulu ndi ankaimba apa ndi endolymph, iwo amagwira ntchito pa mfundo za gyroscope lapansi. The kuweramira pang'ono mutu amatsogolera ake kuti asamuke, iye, nayenso, imapangitsa kusuntha otoliths, lomwe kuli kopweteka tsitsi ciliated epithelium. Mothandizidwa ndi kugwirizana chipangizo ubongo zonse nkhaniyi kunditumiza ku mbali ya ubongo, ndiye wayamba kale ntchito pa mgwirizano ndi olimba kayendedwe ndi bwino.

Mfundo yolongosoka ntchito zonse za maselo khutu ndi ubongo, kusintha kwa Phokoso oganiza mfundo

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya chowunikira Makutu, omwe mwachidule tione zotheka, osati amalandira wogonjetsa phokoso la pafupipafupi zina, ndi kutembenuka ake mu mfundo zimenezi n'zomveka ndi kuzunza anthu. ntchito zonse pa kusintha ndizo zinthu izi zazikulu:

1. Jambulani zikumveka ndi gulu lawo pa ngalande Makutu kuti Zimachititsa likalowa m'makutu kuti oscillate.
2. Kugwedera atatu ossicles Makutu a khutu mumtima, chifukwa cha Phokoso la likalowa m'makutu a.
3. Movement wa madzimadzi khutu mkati ndi Phokoso hairlike maselo.
4. Kutembenuka Phokoso ku zikhumbo magetsi kwa HIV anayamba pa misempha Makutu.
5. Kukwezeleza zikhumbo pamodzi mitsempha Makutu ku mbali ubongo ndi kusintha iwo mu mfundo.

Makutu kotekisi ndi kusanthula

Kodi ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi ganizoli sakanakhala ntchito zigawo zonse za khutu, izo zikanakhala zopanda phindu pakadapanda ntchito ndi ntchito ya ubongo imene amasintha mafunde phokoso mu mfundo ndi malangizo onse. Chinthu choyamba chimene chimachita phokoso pa njira yake, ndi kotekisi Makutu, yomwe ili gyrus kuposa zosatha ubongo. Pali manyuroni, amene ali ndi udindo amaonera phokoso ndi kulekana kwa ranges onse. Ngati, ndi ukoma wa kuwonongeka ubongo, monga sitiroko, kuwonongeka kwa m'madipatimenti ameneŵa, munthu akhoza kukhala zovuta kumva kapena kumva imfa ndi kutha kuzindikira kulankhula.

kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba mu makhalidwe ndi chowunikira lamayimbidwe

Ndi kuwonjezeka m'badwo wa munthu kusintha machitidwe a machitidwe onse, kapangidwe, ntchito, ndi zaka makhalidwe a chowunikira ndi lamayimbidwe nazonso. Mu anthu pansi m'badwo Nthawi zambiri kutaya chilichonse kumva, zomwe akuti ndi thupi, T. E. Normal. Izo si matenda, koma kusintha mu m'badwo otchedwa persbiakuzis kuti sayenera chithandizo, koma zitha kudzudzulidwa ndi othandiza wapadera kumva.

Kuonetsetsa zifukwa zingapo choti kumva kutayika anthu amene anafika ena zaka malire:

1. Kusintha khutu lakunja - kupatulira ndi laxity kwa khutu, ndi chiletso wa kupindika kwa ngalande khutu, imfa ya mphamvu yake kusamutsa mafunde phokoso.
2. Thickening ndi clouding wa likalowa m'makutu a.
3. Yafupika sayenda dongosolo la mafupa mkati khutu, ndi chinthu chimodzimodzi zimfundo awo.
4. Kusintha m'madera ubongo udindo processing ndi kuzindikira mawu.

Kupatula pa kusintha mwachizolowezi zinchito munthu wathanzi, vuto akhoza kuwonjezera pa mavuto ndi zotsatira za otitis kutengedwera kwinako, iwo akhoza mabala pa likalowa m'makutu a, kumaputa mavuto m'tsogolo.

Pambuyo asayansi zachipatala anaphunzira thupi ofunika kwambiri monga Makutu chowunikira (kapangidwe ndi ntchito), ugonthi chifukwa cha zaka, unasiya kukhala vuto lonse. Zothandizira kumva kusintha ndi konza ntchito iliyonse ya mbali ya dongosolo ndi kuthandiza anthu okalamba moyo wonse.

Ukhondo ndi chisamaliro cha ziwalo kumva anthu

Kuti khutu wathanzi, kwa iwo, monga thupi lonse, muyenera kusamalira yake ndi zolondola. Koma, zodabwitsa, mu theka la milandu mavuto chifukwa cha chisamaliro kwambiri, osati chifukwa choti ake. chifukwa chachikulu - inept orudovanie wands khutu kapena njira zina kwa makina yoyeretsa ya anasonkhanitsa partitions sulfure odyetserako ng'oma, izo zimakhalapo ndi mwangozi perforation. Kupewa choipa amenewa ayenera kuyeretsa gawo lakunja la ndimeyi, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu lakuthwa.

Kusunga kumva kwanu bwino m'tsogolo kutsatira malamulo chitetezo:

• Limited kumvetsera nyimbo ndi Zomverera.
• Kugwiritsa Zomverera wapadera ndi earplugs pamene ntchito m'mafakitale phokoso.
• Chitetezo ingress madzi m'makutu anu pamene akusambira mu dziwe ndi mchere.
• Kupewa chimfine ndi makutu otitis mu nyengo yozizira.

Kumvetsa mfundo za chowunikira ndi lamayimbidwe, mogwirizana ndi malamulo umoyo ndi chitetezo kunyumba kapena kuntchito kuti adzithandiza kumva ndi sanakumane ndi vuto zomvetsa ake m'tsogolo.