Kamchatka kuphulika Sheveluch: Information Basic

Shiveluch ndi kumpoto yogwira kuphulika ku Kamchatka, ndipo mmodzi wa yaikulu pa pachilumbachi. The awiri maziko ake ndi makilomita makumi asanu. Amakhala ngati kuti madera awiri - Chakale ndi Young Shiveluch.

Miyeso ya phiri akale

Old Kamchatka kuphulika Shiveluch ndi stratovolcano. Iye apangidwe coarse-grained zakuthupi, amene interbedded ndi chiphalaphala. Ndi korona masoka dongosolo caldera akuluakulu awiri omwe ndi makilomita asanu ndi anayi. Pa iye bwino anasunga, kutalika zawo zimasiyanasiyana mazana mamita chimodzi ndi makilomita theka m'dera la pachimake chachikulu. Mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe ake padziko lapansi anaponyedwa pa makilomita sikisite kiyubiki zakuthupi pyroclastic amene anafalikira dera mwachilungamo lalikulu: iye amabwera ku bedi Kamchatka Mtsinje ndi kupitirira.

Makulidwe wamng'ono kuphulika

Pansi pa caldera pafupi ndi kumpoto-kumadzulo m'mphepete mwa izo ndi phiri wamng'ono Sheveluch. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi domes angapo zinaphatikizidwa extrusive (kawiri, Suelich, Central ndi ena) ndi utuluke zazing'ono chiphalaphala, amene andesite ndi andezitodatsitovy nyimbo. The awiri a m'munsi ndi mapangidwe makilomita asanu. Mu 1964 panali zotupa moti chiphala Sheveluch, chifukwa cha mabomba amphamvu, domes awa anali pafupi inawonongedwa, ndi chachikulu awiri Chigwa unakhazikitsidwa mu malo awo. awiri ake anali makilomita 1.7 kumpoto ndi makilomita 2 kum'mwera. kuphulika The anaponyedwa kuchokera pansi pa chuma, zomwe ndi chofunda olimba anakaika pa otsetsereka kum'mwera, mphamvu - kuchokera mamita Wani mpaka fifite. Kuphunzira anali pa mazana makilomita lalikulu, ndi kuchuluka - theka kilometre kiyubiki. Mu 1980, kumpoto kwa Chigwa wakhala latsopano mawonekedwe extrusive mzikiti, chomwe andesite. Kukula kwa maphunziro ulipobe. Iye limodzi ndi mabomba osiyanasiyana a mphamvu. The achangu akamalimbikira mzikiti chinachitika mu 1993. Kenako anatenga pafupifupi dera lonse la Chigwa kumpoto.

Mbiri ya zikamera chamoto

Popanda kuchepetsa tatchulazi dongosolo, phiri Sheveluch zimachitika chiphala nyumba kalasi Somma-Vesuvius. mapangidwe Ichi ndi kapangidwe waukulu wa mtundu uwu. Zikamera ndi kukula kwa phiri, Akatswiriwa ankati zinachitika mu Upper Pleistocene, za makumi zikwi zapitazo. The aakulu kwambiri kuphulika zoopsa zimachitika pa intervals wa zana - zaka mazana atatu. Wotsirizayo zinachitika mu 1854 1964, ndiko, ndi imeneyi ya zaka 110. mphamvu sing'anga ndi kuphulika ofooka zimachitika kawirikawiri, iwo nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kukula kwa domes extrusive. Izi anati pa mphindi.

mudziwe General: komwe phiri Sheveluch?

Ndi kulemera ndi buku igneous mankhwala pafupipafupi kuphulika amphamvu zinthu kuchotsa mtengo mapangidwe zachilengedwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu wapadera chiphala Kamchatka ndi Kuriles. Zimenezi wa wakale chinthu Geological - imodzi yaikulu pa pachilumbachi. Sheveluch ili makilomita eyite kumpoto kwa Klyuchevskoy. Iwo lili ndi Kamchatka mtsinje, pakati pa kutambasula kwa ambiri makilomita wa otsika, yokutidwa ndi zithaphwi. Ngati pamaso chithunzicho chinali kusonyeza mu mawonekedwe a moyo wachibadwa chinthu adakhumudwa zoipa nkhalamba, ndiye chikhalidwe ayenera kutenga Shiveluch. Izi chachikulu zachilengedwe chinthu, wopangidwa mwa dongosolo conical a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zaka zigwa furrowed, zimaphala ndi zolephera, lomwe lilipo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, akupitirizabe kuti zimatha kuyambitsa nthawi ya zoopsa zotupa, kuwononga moyo zonse.

kupanga mbali

Pambuyo mapangidwe chulucho waukulu phiri chifukwa cha zolakwa ndi mabomba kum'mwera anali mapangidwe caldera lalikulu. Mkati, panali phirilo wamng'ono. Kenako caldera chachikulu ananyamuka wina caldera-Chigwa. Anawawononga mbali ya phirilo wamng'ono. Kuno mu malo, monga wochenjera kwambiri, ndipo anayamba malo kuphulika lotsatira. Zomwe zilipo kwa phirilo wakale amatchedwa "pachimake waukulu", ndi chimbuzi cha chinthu miyala. A phirilo wamng'ono amatchedwa "Chigwa pamwamba". Shiveluch kutalika pa chimbuzi mamita 3.335, ndipo mu gawo wamng'ono - mamita 2700.

Mbiri ya kuphulika

Kuphulika kwa phiri pa Kamchatka Sheveluch ndi zachiwawa. M'zaka zapitazi, mpweya chinachitika mu 1925, 1944, 1950, 1964. Kuphulika wotsiriza unali waufupi kwambiri, koma amphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha mtambo ndi zachiwawa adapachikidwa pa pyatnadtsatikilometrovuyu kutalika ndipo anasamukira ku mbali ya nyanja. wochindikala nthawi zonse kudula kudzera mphezi yowala. The lonse linali kum'mawa kwa phiri, mpaka Ayenela-Kamchatsk ndi kupitirira, unadetsedwa. An ambiri kwambiri za kuwomberedwa thanthwe anali ejected pa mtunda 15 kilometre, iwo ataphimbidwa ndi wakuda bii wosanjikiza pansi kuti malo anafika angapo makumi a mamita. tchire onse ndi nkhalango Kapenanso m'manda kapena kuwotchedwa zamoyo sanathenso patsogolo kuthawa kapena ntchentche anaphedwa. Amadziwika kuti mbalame ndi nyama zambiri angabwere njira za zivomezi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri: kukwawa mwa kamakumba una awo, ayamba kusonyeza nkhawa, kufuna kutuluka malo a. Choncho, kuphulika zoopsa za phiri Sheveluch yoyamba kayendedwe zivomerezi mu November 1964, yomwe inayamba mwezi pamaso mpweya okha. mwamphamvu awo onse kumawonjezera tsiku lililonse likadutsa. Ndipo masiku awiri pamaso kuphulika kwa chiwerengero mabuku oposa zana pa tsiku. Komanso zinthu pa nthawi zinyama?

Nkhani za anthu akale

Apa pali chimene m'dera mlenje A. Chudinov (pa nthawi zaka naintini). Kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu pamaso kuphulika ankatha kuona yaikulu ndi lachilendo kwambiri kusintha zimbalangondo kuchokera kumanzere m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa m'mphepete lamanja la Kamchatka chigwa. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti mu November, onse a nyama kugona hibernation, koma premonition tsoka loyembekezereka akhaapatisa kusiya mapanga awo ofunda, ukhale ndi kupita njala ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira nkhalango kwa iwo. Imodzi, pa gombe bwino kwambiri kuchuluka chiwerengero cha nyama zina monga akalulu, ankhandwe. Zikuoneka kuti iwonso asamuka mwa Shiveluch.

Monga athe zowoneka kusunga kulalikira mwakhama zivomerezi basi isanayambe kuphulika lapansi. Choncho, malinga ndi nkhani za anthu a Chinsinsi, ili bwino pamwamba pa nyanja, zinaoneka padziko lalikulu ayezi lokutidwa nyanja Kurchazhnoe atagona pa tsidya lina la mtsinje, ndi wadutsa angapo mafunde.

Pambuyo kuphulika mu 1964 chokha fumarolic ntchito zimawonedwa pa SHEVELUCH. Volcano palokha ndi ku mtunda kovuta, pitani maulendo ake osowa.

2014 TH

M'mawa wa pa June 1, 2014 phiri Sheveluch anapanga mabomba amphamvu phulusa. Iye anali wamtali makilomita oposa asanu. plume Komanso anayamba kufalitsa mu njira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kamchatsky Bay. Panopa, zinthu Geological anatumizidwa Code Orange (zoopsa kwambiri). ntchito zake anayamba kuculuka mu 2009, nthawi ili pamwamba pa anapanga mphanga akuya mamita 30. Potengera kuchuluka kwa ntchito zivomerezi, asayansi anaganiza kuti nthawi ndi "kukonzekera" wina kuphulika wamphamvu Shiveluch.