Hemolysis - ndi chiyani ichi? Hemolysis magazi, tsankho hemolysis

Kuwonongedwa kwa wofiira Kakhungu maselo a magazi ndi excretion wa hemoglobin mu plasma imatchedwa hemolysis. ndondomeko izi zimachitika chifukwa zochita za wapadera mankhwala haemolysin (hemolysin). Zikopa za maselo ofiira amayamba kulephera chifukwa poizoni kapena bakerialnyh opangidwa chitetezo. Panopa, madokotala apeza angapo mitundu ya ndondomekoyi. Iwo ali m'magulu malinga njira maphunziro, ku mfundo zomwe chitadutsa pa zifukwa zimene zingachititse izo.

Podziwa kuti hemolysis - kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi, amene hemoglobin limasuka iwo, ambiri sakumvetsa, nchifukwa chake ichi zingachitike.

Zinthu zimene kuwonongedwa kwa nembanemba ndi erythrocyte

Kuthana ndi mchitidwewo, m'pofunika kuti, nchifukwa chake kuwonongedwa kwa maselo ofiira angayambe. Malinga limagwirira zosayembekezereka, mitundu zotsatirazi hemolysis.

1. Natural. ndondomeko izi zikuchitika mosalekeza mu thupi, iwo amayamba kumapeto kwa alipidwa mkombero moyo wa aliyense wa maselo ofiira a magazi, amene amakhala 100-130 masiku.

2. mankhwala. Kumachitika pamene maselo ofiira magazi poyera kuti zinthu zina zimene kupasuka Kakhungu lipids. Zikuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana soda, alcohols, ethers, chloroform. Mwachitsanzo, hemolysis limachulidwa ngati munthu poizoni mlingo waukulu wa asidi acetic.

3. Biology. erythrocytes m'chimake kuyamba kunyoza chifukwa kukhudzana hemolytic ziphe, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha tizilombo ting'onoting'ono kapena njoka. Komanso, hemolysis kwachilengedwenso kumachitika chifukwa cha magazi a atakwatirana.

4. Kutentha. Pamene kuzizira magazi erythrocyte timibulu ayezi anapanga. Pambuyo thawing ake amaswa lamulo la chipolopolo.

5. makina. Pamene kugwedeza chotengera ndi magazi kapena ndi ikukoka zida zake zomwe chongopeka amapereka makope, kuonongeka erythrocytes.

6. osmotic. Ngati corpuscles wofiira kugwa Lachitatu, kumene kuthamanga osmotic adzakhala poyerekeza ndi magazi, akhoza kuphulika. Ndi katundu wawo ntchito matenda a magazi m'thupi kapena chiwindi matenda.

Zimayambitsa hemolysis

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi pamene zifika maselo ofiira, muyenera bwino mawu monga hemolysis. Izi maselo magazi chiwonongeko chipolopolo angayambe intracellularly kapena ziwiya. Kawirikawiri izi mitundu ya hemolysis chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana. Komanso erythrocyte Kakhungu kungawonongedwe kudzera yokumba mu maphunziro zasayansi.

Pankhani hemolysis intravascular, chigoba cha corpuscles ofiira ngati kuonongeka mu ndondomeko ya magazi. Izi zimachitika mu matenda otsatirawa:

- magazi m'thupi hemolytic kuphatikizapo autoimmune;

- paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria;

- paroxysmal ozizira agglutinins matenda.

Komanso vntutrisosudisty hemolysis zingasonyeze chiphe ziphe hemolytic.

Chiwonongeko cha erythrocytes amapezeka mkati mwa maselo chiwindi, ndulu kapena mafupa. Iwo anaona pa mavuto thanzi monga microspherocytosis cholowa, autoimmune magazi m'thupi ndi thalassemia. Kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kuti kuwonongedwa kwa nembanemba maselo ofiira a magazi, zimaonekeratu kuti hemolysis - ndi ngozi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, pasukuluyi okhudza maselo ambiri nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi kukulitsa a ndulu ndi chiwindi kukula.

Zizindikiro za hemolysis

Ngati thupi anayamba kugwetsa owonjezera maselo ofiira, ndiye zindikirani iwo kokha pamene pachimake maphunziro a matenda. Zizindikiro ambiri chiwonongeko kusalankhula wa erythrocytes ndi anthu: integuments yellowness kapena pallor, yafupika kuthamanga, mofulumira zimachitika. Zizindikiro mulinso misomali Chimaona ndi tsitsi.

Koma ambiri satero ngakhale ndithu zambiri sadziwa kuti ali ndi hemolysis magazi. Kodi iwo angathe kuphunzira kwambiri ndi ngozi, kulemba mayeso zachipatala. Koma ndi njira pachimake kawirikawiri amakhala nseru, chizungulire, kutopa, kufooka ndi ngakhale malungo.

Hemolysis zingachititse magazi m'thupi, womwe ndi oopsa chifukwa zingayambitse kuundana magazi kapena kuyambitsa cholelithiasis.

Kodi pali chifukwa mantha?

Pali milandu kumene odwala amakakamizidwa retake mayesero zasayansi chifukwa chakuti hemolysis zinachitika. Ambiri ayamba kuyang'ana zizindikiro za matenda oopsa, zotupa poizoni kapena kungoti poizoni. Koma nthawi zambiri palibe chifukwa nkhawa, chifukwa Kakhungu erythrocyte akhoza anawononga chifukwa zinthu makina. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri maselo magazi akhoza kuonongeka mu ndondomeko ya magazi mu mayeso chubu, ngati kwambiri woonda singano kapena namwino msanga amakankhira magazi. Erythrocytes kumenya khoma chubu ndi kuphulika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, madzi a m'magazi amakhala pinki, kuwasiyanitsa mu centrifuge kumakhala kovuta.

Zikatero tinganene kuti panali tsankho hemolysis. Si matenda koma chifukwa cha magazi molakwika zitsanzo zosankhidwazi yosungirako ake, kuyenda kapena kukamba. Yoganizira wodalirika amafuna gawo osiyana magazi. Wodwala mu nkhani iyi, musananene ndi zofufuza akulangizidwa kumwa madzi aukhondo.

pachimake hemolysis

Koma ngati chifukwa cha azingokhala maselo a magazi - osati anamwino zolakwa, tikulankhula za vuto lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri pachimake hemolysis kumachitika mwa magazi pamene pali atakwatirana ndi maselo ofiira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi zimadzetsa kutsegula kwa dongosolo womuyenerera, coagulation ndi chitetezo chokwanira humoral.

N'zosavuta kudziwa, chifukwa ichi hemolysis mlandu - ichi ndi vuto lalikulu, amene amapereka bwino matenda chithunzi. Ngati wodwala amadziwa, iye amadandaula kuwawa pachifuwa, kupweteka kwa msana, kupweteka m'mimba, mukubwadamuka, kumverera malungo, tachycardia. Anzanu anayenera kuchepetsedwa. Ngati hemolysis anayamba pa ntchito anatenga pogonekedwa ndi mankhwala ambiri, zizindikiro adzakhala mabala ake akukha mwazi, ndipo ngati pali catheter mkodzo - kudzakhala mkodzo mdima ofiira kapena ngakhale wakuda.

kafukufuku zasayansi

mayesero atengedwa kutsimikiza matenda. Ngati hemolysis mtima, ndiye zotsatira za MAGAZI zidzawululidwa thrombocytopenia, hemoglobinemia, bilirubinemia, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya anticoagulant ndi fibrinolytic. Mu mkodzo, wodwalayo tidzakhaladi milingo apamwamba creatine zidzachitika hemoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, utachepa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo mpaka kusapezeka kwake kwathunthu.

Pa chitsimikizo kuti maselo Kupanda kusamala magazi adzaonongedwa, chithandizo choyenera ayenera kuperekedwa.

chithandizo

Lekani hemolysis mankhwala amakono ndithu mphamvu. Ngati chifukwa cha magazi miyezo achire ayenera umalimbana kutha kwa Nkhondo kulowetsedwa maselo a magazi. Komanso, n'kofunika kuyamba kuika njira yapadera chimene chingalepheretse chitukuko cha hypovolemia, hypoperfusion aimpso. Komanso plasmapheresis inatenga umene cholinga chake pa kuchotsa kufalitsidwa ufulu hemoglobin m'magazi. Chifukwa chaichi, nthawi zambiri jekeseni wothandizila "Heparin" m'nsinga kudzera infusomats. Izi zimathandiza kuthana ndi hemolysis pachimake ndi mankhwala "Prednisolone". paudindo onse ali potengera mmene alili, m'pofunikanso kudziwa yaitali bwanji zapitazo, anayamba hemolysis. Zimenezi zimathandiza madokotala kusankha machenjerero chithandizo, chifukwa nthawi zina m'pofunika kuwalanga hemodialysis mwadzidzidzi. Mwachitsanzo, m'pofunika, ngati anapezeka kuti wodwalayo kulephera pachimake aimpso.

Mankhwala monga chifukwa hemolysis

Pa ntchito zina mankhwala erythrocytes nawonso adzawonongedwa. Kudzera mwa kuchititsa hemolysis magazi, monga magulu angapo a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

1. Analgesics: "Amidopyrine", "Aspirin", "Antipyrin".
2. Okodzetsa: "Fonurit", "Diakarb".
3. Nitrofurans "furadonin", "Furazolin".
4. Sulfonamides "Sulfalen", "salazosulfapiridina", "salazopiridazina", "Sulfapiridazin".
5. mankhwala Hypoglycemic, "Tolbutamide", "Hlorpropamid".
6. mankhwala Anti-TB, "Isoniazid", "Pasi".
7. mankhwala Antimalarial, "kwinini", "Akrikhin", "Primaquine."

Pamene ntchito wothandizila izi zingaoneke hemolysis. Izi silimanena mavuto aliwonse, iye kuoneka poyankha mankhwala.