Garden njira anapanga konkire ndi manja awo: zimatsogolera ndemanga, zithunzi. The zikuchokera konkire pa njira munda

Aliyense mwini munda kapena akufuna kumanga dziko nyumba pa munda choyambirira njira munda. Pa nthawi yomweyo akufuna kuchita ndi mtengo kochepa ndalama. Paokha akhoza mwala, njerwa njira.

Ndi njira yabwino kwambiri vuto - njira munda anapanga konkire. Manja kudzapereka mwachidule, mukhoza kukongoletsa mu anu ndi kupulumutsa pa mtengo wa katundu ndi ntchito.

Mitundu ya njira munda

Younikira organically zikugwirizanira malo ozungulira, muyenera kusankha kapangidwe yoyenera ndi kalembedwe bwalo ndi nyumba nkhani lomwe anapanga. Komanso, chimango ndi ayenera kukhala cholimba, othandiza ndi kufuna kusiya.

Mayendedwe akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu zotsatirazi:

• uve, wopalidwa (cobblestone)
• wosweka mwala,
• mankhwala,
• miyala,
• chibanthu (njerwa),
• mwala (achilengedwe mwala)
• Mapeto, tiled (simenti slabs ndi matailosi)
• monolithic konkire.

Woyamba mitundu anayi amafuna chisamaliro ndi zonse ndi njanji tverdopokrytye, kuphatikizapo njanji anapanga konkire ndi manja awo, ndi yaitali, aukhondo, wokongola, bwino.

Mawonekedwe enieni njira munda amusankha zochokera zinchito cholinga, bwalo kalembedwe ndi zokonda eni.

Konkire njira munda

Monolithic njira yowona yodziwika ndi mphamvu yapamwamba, iwo ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi mapindikidwe, osati mbamuikha kudzera, ngakhale pamene makina chimachititsanso pa iwo. Choncho, malo amenewa ali angwiro, fufuzani mu galimoto pakhomo chipata chinyumba munda.

njira yowona analandira pa mtengo yotsika mtengo, koma zina khama ndi ntchito. Koma ndi zedi. Komanso, mwini amalandira kukhutira chakuti njanji wapangidwa konkire ndi manja awo. Zingamvekere zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa, mitundu, dongosolo. Komanso, kapangidwe konkire akhoza kuphatikiza ndi zipangizo: njerwa, miyala, miyala kapena kokha ena.

Ubwino wa njira yowona

Ubwino amene wopalidwa munda njira anapanga konkire ndi manja awo, chifukwa makhalidwe a kugwiritsidwa ntchito. The makhalidwe abwino konkire ali motere:

• mphamvu ndipo durability - osati konkire mwamtundu ndi opunduka;
• kuwachepetsera ntchito - sikutanthauza zipangizo zina zapadera;
• mtengo wotsika - mtengo wa 1 sq.m. prmerno ndi 25 pakani.
• zonyamula makhalidwe nyengo ya mtundu uliwonse: kuzizira, kutentha, chinyezi;
• kukana kuti media aukali - sakuopa mankhwala anakhetsa;
• luso kupirira mkulu mawotchi katundu - limachititsa kumapitiriza popanda kuopa munda njira akatundu;
• amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira - akhoza inamangidwa mu malo osewerera lalikulu, munda njira ndi manja ake popanda Akatswiri;
• Konkire angalenge akalumikidzidwa osiyana: molunjika ndi yokhota kumapeto (malingana formwork), akhoza penti ndi chokongoletsedwa, pamodzi ndi zipangizo zina zambiri.

Kodi kupanga m'lifupi njira?

Choyamba, njira m'lifupi imagwiridwa angapo matailosi m'lifupi, ngati ntchito.

Kenako, muyenera kuganizira zithetsedwe mbali zonse za m'lifupi mwake za 6 cm.

Tsatani okwana m'lifupi pafupi theka la mita akhoza kumangidwa pa njira yachiwiri, mwachitsanzo, atayandikira ku kutentha: mipata yokwanira kuti muyende kwa munthu mmodzi, ndi galimoto unicycle wilibala.

Pa m'lifupi njira ya masentimita 80 Sitinganene kuti muphonye anthu angapo ndidzadutsa njinga ana. Koma kwa danga magetsi galimoto sikokwanira. njira izi zikhoza anamanga nyumba malonda.

The njanji chapakati kuchita zonse zochitika, kuchokera pafupifupi mita ndi wochepa ndi mamita theka lonse. Apa ndi mosavuta anthu awiri adzakhala, ndidzadutsa ana pa zoyendera, ngakhalenso ikani benchi yaing'ono.

Track ku matailosi chisanadze pulasitala konkire

slabs yowona kapena matailosi kukula yaing'ono - chophweka ndi yachangu njira njira munda anapangidwa konkire ndi manja awo. Reviews kunena kuti ndi njira yosavuta aziika njirayo.

Sayansi ya makongoletsedwe awo ali motere:

1. Konzani maziko: mlingo pansi, kupanga mawonekedwe.
2. Kufalitsa agrovoloknom kapena geotextile mchenga kupeza kuchokera pansi.
3. M'munsi wosanjikiza kukhuta pyatisantimetrovym mtsinje chinyontho ukapita (osati yonyowa!) Mchenga, angaimbidwenso ndi ting'onoting'ono basi. Mtsinje mchenga muli zochepa dongo, momwemo ndi madzi mwamphamvu.
4. Yambani alternately stacking mbale. Kwa mbale si osamukira poyenda iwo, muyenera m'manda, kumenya ndi nyundo kudzera thabwa matabwa mosamala kuti linagawanika. Kuika kutsimikizira mlingo.
5. Matailosi mfundo overwritten ndi simenti kapena mchenga.

Ngati mbale zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo kumapeto mpaka kumapeto pa dothi la mchenga, wosanjikiza mchenga unatsanuliridwa mu 3 cm. Loamy ndi dothi clayey woyamba anatsanulira miyala kapena slag makulidwe 7-10 cm, kenako wosanjikiza mchenga 5 cm.

Komanso mbale angakhoze kuikidwa pa yankho kuti umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munsi mchenga. njira anaikidwa pa mphambano za makombo matailosi pakati, pamene atagona ndi kukanikiza iwo anagawira wogawana pansi padziko lonse.

Tsatani mawonekedwe kudzera

Lero ndi Njira yotchuka kwambiri ya njira munda kuchita: matabwa, pulasitiki zitsulo. Iwo ndi maselo angapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mosiyanasiyana (mabwalo, rectangles, Triangles, hexagons kapena kasinthidwe osasamba) ndi ntchito kuwerengetsera zidutswa younikira.

Kuwunika mlingo wa kukhazikitsa ntchito, muyenera kudziwa kuti mothandizidwa mitundu okonzeka zopangidwa za isanu mamita n'zotheka kumanga njanji mu maola awiri. Mafomu zikhoza kugulidwa okonzeka zopangidwa kapena kupanga nokha.

Kwa mbale zozungulira ntchito kudzaza zigawo za mipope chitsulo kapena ndowa popanda pansi, inu kupeza choyambirira munda njira.

The manja konkire osewera monga slab lalikulu ndi mafupa wa 7 mm zolimba anaika mu mawonekedwe a latisi a. Pamaso kudzaza mawonekedwe a luso afewetsedwa ndi mafuta kapena varnish. Zolimba aikidwa kuti ake pamwamba ndi pansi yokutidwa ndi njira. Pambuyo kuthira simenti ndi tikaumbike.

Zida ndi zida kuponyera monolithic

Kuti anapangidwa munda njira ndi manja ake anapanga konkire, inu amafunika zida izi ndi zipangizo:

• mchenga;
• agrovoloknom;
• mtundu simenti M400;
• coarse zitsulo mauna;
• osokedwa waya 2 mm wakuda;
• Zina kwa konkire kusintha kusinthasintha ndi kumatira katundu;
• zidutswa za pepala zitsulo, plywood kapena matabwa ndi m'lifupi osachepera masentimita 25;
• kapena ikuthandizira zitalizitali matabwa;
• chingwe;
• polyethylene filimu;
• chidebe cha oyambitsa yankho;
• mafosholo mpeni ndi spades;
• trowel m'lifupi theka mita;
• mlotok lalikulu kapena sledgehammer;
• Zida zazing'ono yomanga: osiyana kukula spatulas ndi trowels.

mawerengedwe a zipangizo

Chitsanzo cha mawerengedwe kuchuluka anakhumba mfundo za mbali ya kutalika njira chapakati ndi m'lifupi mwake mita imodzi ndi 10 cm wandiweyani:

1. The makulidwe a mchenga wosanjikiza kuti 10 cm a zofunda chofunika buku la mchenga kukhala choncho .:

• awonjezere m'litali, m'lifupi ndi makulidwe adzatero 0,10 M3;
• malinga ndi kafukufuku Buku la 1 M3 mchenga umalemera tonnes 2,4;
• recalculate kufunika buku: 2400kg / M3 M3 × 0.10 = 240 makilogalamu.

2. Nkofunika kusankha bwino konkire Kusakaniza kwa njira munda. manja ake anapanga njira sadzakhala osokoneza ngati ntchito mu kufanana zotsatirazi njira yothetsera:

• gawo 1 litre,
• 1 mbali simenti,
• 4 mbali mchenga.

Voliyumu ya simenti chofunika kuchita masamu chimodzimodzi mchenga ndi mtengo womwewo uli 0,10 M3. Malinga cha bukhu la, osokonezeka pa mchenga mita kiyubiki konkire akulemera tonnes 2.8 kuti mita imodzi njanji. Konkire kulemera adzakhala 2800 makilogalamu / M3 0,1m3 × = 280 makilogalamu. Nagawira kuchuluka izi 5 (madzi si n'komwe) timapeza simenti kulemera: 56 kg.

Mtengo yotsalira ndi 224 makilogalamu madzi ndi kulemera kwa mchenga anafuna kusinja konkire.

Kuchokera mawerengedwe a kulemera kwa zipangizo njira 5 cm cm 7 phindu kulemera analandira ayenera kuchulukitsa ndi chinthu cha 0.5 kapena 0,7, motero.

Konkire njira ndi manja ake: malangizo

Lembani kuphedwa kwa njanji monolithic lagawidwa magawo zotsatirazi:

1. Choyamba mapulani pa pepala ndi ntchito zonse pabwalo zinthu, nyumba, mayendedwe, ndi zofunika onga.
2. Chotsatira ndi mawerengedwe kuchuluka kwa zipangizo: zimatengera pa nthaka. Mu dongo dothi zokwanira theka-mita wosanjikiza wa simenti, ndi kuunika ayenera kuchita lotayirira wosanjikiza mita imodzi. Nthaka m'madambo igwirike theka-mita miyala ngalande wosanjikiza pamaso kuwayika konkire.
3. Chodetsa imagwiridwa ndi kuwayika zitalizitali malinga ndi dongosolo. Pakati zitalizitali wandiweyani chingwe ndi tensioned.
4. Malinga ndi kulemba ang'ambe thupilo kuwaika zokumbira Komanso anakumba ngalande. mozama ake ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 20 cm, ndipo ngati pali miyala ngalande poto, ndiye masentimita 25. zatsalira onse mbewu pamafunika kuchotsedwa.
5. Komanso, gulu shuttering, amene ayenera kuuluka kwa pamwamba 10 cm mbali yakunja ya limayesetsa malinga a ngalande, ndi mumtima -. Kulimbikitsidwa zitalizitali.
6. Pansi pa okonzeka ngalande thabwa agrovoloknom kuti mchenga si kuchisiya, ndipo anatsanulira ndi tikaumbike mchenga yokha. M'pofunika kukhetsa madzi. Pakuti compaction bwino mchenga khushoni wasambitsa.
7. Pamwamba pa mchenga kuika polyethylene filimu ayenera kukhala popanda mabowo. M'pofunika kuti konkire wauma osati kamodzi, koma tinapeza mphamvu zoyenera.
8. N'kuukanda njira powonjezera kumatira kusakanizikana mu izo.
9. Pansi pa kuika ikuthandizira mauna ndi kuika njira. Chisindikizo, yosalala ndi fosholo, ndiye trowel. Njira pakati zoti okwera 3 cm kwa kukhetsa madzi pa mvula. Kudzera wina mita anapanga mfundo thambo ndiye alimbane munda njira anapanga konkire ndi manja awo osati osokoneza ndi deform malinga nyengo.
10. Njira ataphimbidwa ndi filimu kwa masiku angapo. Mufilimuyi ndiye pochotsa ndi formwork. Pa kuumitsa konkire yothira madzi.
11. Mbali kuononga nthaka ndi tamped. Monyanyira pa zitalizitali losindikizidwa ndi konkire.

Pamene kudutsa mu chilimwe, mukhoza kuyenda pa pambuyo masiku asanu mu nyengo yozizira - pambuyo khumi.

zokongoletsa njanji

Garden njira anaika simenti ndi manja awo, ndi chithunzi chitsanzo cha amene angapezeke lalikulu zedi kuti kupereka m'maganizo akhoza chokongoletsedwa a.

Momasuka mungachite izi:

• mu chiwiya chako chokandiramo ufa sitepe njira kuwonjezera pigment wachikuda;
• colorant youma amathanso zidzawonjezedwa pa pamwamba kuwongola trowel;
• pambuyo solidification la konkire kwa maola atatu mbamuikha zidutswa za galasi, ceramic, njerwa, miyala zachilengedwe, nsangalabwi tchipisi;
• mu malo pakati pa mbale kapena akulipira seams akhoza kubzala udzu kapena maluwa;
• njanji pamwamba akhoza chokongoletsedwa chitsanzo embossed kuti umagwiritsidwa pamene konkire sichinafike mazira;
• kupeza opukutidwa padziko otsiriza mtundu chitsulo: njira yosakongola anali ntchito ndi youma simenti wosanjikiza 6 mm, kenako akusisita trowel.

khazikitsa kumathandiza kuchepetsa

Ngati titapanga njira kwa kanyumba konkire ndi manja awo amathamanga limodzi kama maluwa, ndiye si zofunika kuonetsetsa malire a. njira zina chepetsa amayang'ana chidwi. malire angathe kukhala a njerwa kapena amaika mumsewu, kaya payekha zinthu kuponya nkhanza.

Makamaka zothandiza pamene atagona zithetsedwe matailosi konkire monga anafunika kusiya izo. Ndi chifukwa cha mbali ya limiter atakhala malire ndi ntchito udindo. Bukuli lakonzedwa kusunga matailosi kuchokera razezzhaniya pansi pa katundu. Ngati malire si mapulani matailosi ndi potsirizira pake mogwirizana ndi munda njira anapanga konkire ndi manja awo kutaya maonekedwe pachiyambi. Pakuti mphamvu zithetsedwe konkire wokwera pa tepi m'munsi (kapena kungoti pansi) ndi imayendetsedwa kunja kwa zitalizitali.

Mtunda pakati pa malire ndi matailosi ayenera kukhala kochepa, ndi makongoletsedwe - yowirira kwambiri.