Essays m'mabuku: kapangidwe, amafuna buku nkhani

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mabungwe maphunziro apamwamba mu dziko pa ukatswiri zothandiza anthu yogwirizana kumalo a aphunzitsi Chirasha akhala kunadetsa zofuna ophunzirawo kuti alembe kumlingo mtundu watsopano Zomwe analemba - essays.

Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wa mawu olembedwa a maganizo ake omwe akufanana nyimbo ochiritsira, kusiyana kwambiri mpaka pano. Zofunika, dongosolo, mawonekedwe, ndi buku la essays - ndi zochepa chabe mndandanda wa zinthu khalidwe.

ndi nkhani zimene

Mawu akuti "nkhani" ndi lochokera French (essai), ndipo anam'patsa "kusodza", "ndondomeko," "Phunziro", "chitsanzo". Nthawi zambiri mtundu wa mabuku amapezeka pakati pa zosemasema. Komabe, pali essays okha mabuku: olembedwa mfundo wamba nzeru za anthu, sayansi chikhalidwe, mbiri, zilankhulo, sayansi ndale ndi nkhani zina zambiri.

Ganizo yaikulu ya nkhani ngati ntchito

Essays zikusonyeza ufulu kupereka maganizo. Komabe, malinga ndi zofunika zina zokhudza nkhaniyo, mawu akhoza anakayikira. Makamaka, mphunzitsi amaperekedwa ndi buku la essays ndipo nthawi zambiri - mfundo yake. Ichi ndi chimene chiri chosiyana kwa tanthauzo loyambirira la ufulu. Kodi ndiye akutanthauzanji mawu akuti "nkhani"?

Salt ntchito yonse ndi pepala wophunzira paokha zakukhosi ndi maganizo awo pa izi kapena kuti mbali, wosasamalira mtima munthu mavuto ena ndipo limafotokoza maganizo. Mogwirizana ndi mtundu wanyimbo izi kwa nkhani ukhale wa mumtundu - yovuta, nzeru zaumunthu, journalistic.

ubwino

Essays, ali kwa zaka zambiri bwinobwino ntchito mu kachitidwe maphunziro Western, zimathandiza kukonza maganizo anu, atakhala bwino pa kulemba, maganizo a kulenga ndipo kumathandiza kukula kwa M'maso mwa ophunzira. Komanso, mu ndondomeko ya kulemba zikuoneka chifukwa cha mavuto anafotokoza preconditions wa pakuwonekera kwake, zotsatira zotheka ndi mmene kuzipewa. akuphunzira kutsutsana malingaliro, kuzindikira. Makamaka kukwapula chikutanthauza ndi zitsanzo za nkhani chikhalidwe, mbiri ndi sayansi ndale.

mbali Ofunika

. Mu 2004, Russian wasayansi M. Yu Brandtom anali wakutali molondola kwambiri limafotokoza mbali yaikulu ya nkhani ina:

- mutu yeniyeni zakuya ntchito zake zonse;

- kumvetsa vuto ndi maganizo mwachindunji za izo ndi wolemba yekha;

- yaing'ono voliyumu ya essays;

- ufulu dongosolo;

- Nkhani - free, sukhala chimango okhwima;

- kupezeka kwa chiweruzo choyambirira ndipo sanali zazing'ono kukopera;

- kupitiriza kuopa Nkhani;

- chosakwanira, mwachitsanzo, pakalibe Khadili zochuluka za chitsiriziro yeniyeni.

Komanso, aliyense wa essays mabuku, kapena chinthu ina ayenera kukhala mu thupi lanu ndi kusanthula zipangizo pa nkhaniyi, komanso zitsanzo zofotokoza izo.

Mosiyana coursework, essays, nkhani

Kusiyana kwa essays ena olembedwa ntchito zigwirizana makamaka mbali yake yaikulu. Taonani zinthu zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane:

1. Kapangidwe. Inde ntchito ali kuti malamulo okhwima okhudza: mutu wa tsamba, mitu ya nkhani, mawu oyamba a unyolo zomveka, kuphatikizapo mutu, ndime ndi ndime, mapeto, maumboni, ndi ofunsira. Mtundu wa nkhani ndi sinafike ngati chimango okhwima. Information ngakhale anatumikira mwadongosolo, koma popanda umboni wa changu cha vutoli, popanda zolinga zenizeni ndi zolinga.
2. Stylistics. Mfundozo, mapepala akuti ndi essays zinalembedwa yekha kalembedwe sayansi kapena maphunziro. The nkhani kumakhala chinenero free, koma bwana ayenera akhale ophunzira, ndipo - mwadongosolo.
3. tsatanetsatane. Ngati kuchuluka kwa manambala a sayansi, masiku, mfundozo (zambiri zofunika kwambiri), wolandiridwa mu nkhani mabuku kapena nkhani ina iliyonse angakhale okwanira zitsanzo chabe pang'ono, koma ochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi losaiwalika.
4. Pakalibe olowa ndi maumboni. The essays ufulu Quotes malodopustimy: kumbukirani kuti nkhani yathu - ndi maganizo ndi malingaliro.

Aphunzitsi ena anasokoneza ophunzira, kuyitanira kulemba nkhani. Izi siziri zoona ndithu. Panopa nkhani chitachitika kamvekedwe, mutu wa momveka bwino retold, tekstovka chokongoletsedwa ndi aphorisms, ndi chiweruzo mwina zambiri akutsutsana.

kapangidwe

Aliyense nkhani n'zotheka kuonetsetsa ena dongosolo, amene ambiri, palibe ndi Lamulo, komabe malo.

A ulendowu mwachidule mu nkhaniyo akupanga kulowa makonzedwe mu nkhaniyo. Kuyambira zambiri alibe ndime oposa awiri, ali pa 15-30% ya nkhani lonse ndi popereka chikhalidwe cha vutoli. Nkofunika kuti kulowa kotero kuti chidwi owerenga chinamuchititsa liwunikidwenso nkhani.

kulowa ayenera kukhala mbali yaikulu ya nkhaniyo. mawu kusamutsidwa mpukutu ayenera kukhala osachepera 50% ya lembalo. Mbali yaikulu ya chiweruzo ukusonyeza wolemba, ndi mfundo zogwirizana ndi zitsanzo. The owala adzakhala kumvetsa mfundo ya nkhaniyo, ndi bwino chikaonekera kugwirizana kwa wolemba luso lofotokoza kukambirana ndi kutsutsana kuthandiza mawu ake.

Lachitatu ndi lomaliza gawo la nkhani iliyonse - omaliza. Ndi lalifupi - okha 10-15%. Potsiriza amaloledwa anatsindika mfundo yaikulu, kudzatunga mfundo za vuto funso ndi mwachidule mwachidule, kusiya understatement pang'ono.

Kutsatira mfundo zonse anafotokoza polemba nkhani, inu kukopa chidwi cha mphunzitsi ndi muzioneka bwino.

voliyumu

Ndithu kwambiri mikangano mafunso okhudza mmene nkhaniyo ayenera kukhala. Izi zidalira pa zofunika aphunzitsi, komanso mutu wa nkhani yokha. Kuvomereza kuti ndi kusanthula yeniyeni ya ndakatuloyi wolemba ndakatulo amatenga masamba zochepa kwambiri kuposa chiweruzo za ntchito yake yonse.

Standard nkhani limatenga atatu mapepala a A4, wodzazidwa ndi dzanja limodzi. Komabe, nkhani akhoza anaika onse pa tsamba lomwelo, ndi pa seveni. Voliyumu ya essays ndi kwakukulukulu zimadalira luso la wolemba ndi khalidwe lake izyasneniya.

kuti amafuna nkhani

Chifukwa chakuti mu pulogalamuyi mpikisano essays chikuonetseratu ambiri m'gulu monga chida kutsimikiza ndikofunika kudziwa zina zofunika zimene zimagwira ntchito kwa iwo ambiri mayunivesite dziko.

Mmodzi wa udindo waukulu ankaimba ndi chinthu anthu. Mu mawu ena, nkhani adzakhala kufufuzidwa mphunzitsi amene inu amapezeka si bwino. Komanso, kupatula ntchito wanu, muyenera kusamalira zosiyanasiyana nkhani zina. Choncho, kaya mfundo ndi maganizo kuyenderako, n'kofunika kuti tisangalatse Iye, "mbedza" chidwi.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti azivala essays lemba mu mawonekedwe wofatsa. Bwana ayenera mwachidule ndi kufika. Pewani zokambirana yaitali, musati kusokonezeka pa nkhaniyi. Lembani pa mlanduwu, koma osati zochepa. Potsatira yosavuta amalamulira mwawi nkhani yanu, kuwerenga mapeto, ali kwambiri. Pre-analemba dongosolo kumathandizanso kukonza maganizo ndi kupanga achidule ndi chidwi ndime wokhutira.

Khalani okonzeka chakuti akhoza kukhala ngati nkhani yeniyeni, ndi kulola ndi kufufuza osadalira pa nkhani. Popeza njira ambiri chachiwiri, sankhani mavuto amene muli chinachake kunena. Ngakhale bwino, ngati iwo satenga nawo mbali - ndiye maganizo anu kapena kutsutsa chodziwikiratu zikusemphana ndi maganizo a Commission a.

Ngati inu mwamtheradi simungathe kulingalira kuti inu mukhoza kudziwa pa nkhani inayake, yesetsani kuphunzira kwa zitsanzo. Essays sayansi chikhalidwe kapena nzeru kupeza mosavuta kuposa mu zachuma kapena lamulo, koma Nditaphunzira zipangizo chitsanzo chimodzimodzi Nkhani tsogolo adakali mumayamba kumva.

Ndi ntchito mofanana kwambiri ndi kukhala okonzeka chibwana. Yesani kupeza mfundo zambiri pa nkhani akhudzidwa. Onani Maganizo osiyana ndi zolinga okhudzidwa - likuthandizani kulenga chithunzi yonse ya zawo view dziko ndi lofunika kwambiri kuposa kulongosola mu essays m'tsogolo.

Kukonzekera ndi kulemba

Wosalira ntchito yanu ndi kuika mu dongosolo malingaliro amene kenako anaika pa pepala, olemba amalangiza kuganizira nsonga otsatirawa pa kukonzekera ndi kulemba nkhani:

- kupanga dongosolo nkhaniyo;

- Pangani asilikali buku la ntchito;

- lililonse lingaliro lagona mu ndime osiyana;

- yothandiza chifukwa mavesi sewero latsopano;

- kusintha dongosolo la ulaliki;

- Kwera chidwi, tikuona m'maganizo chamutu wanga.

Pankhani mbali gulu, kugawa magawo a ntchito, musati muyesere kuchita zonse tsiku limodzi, ngati iwo uli ntchito mwachilungamo yaitali. zambiri, musati zimamuchulukira mutu wanu ndi kukumbukira zimene zinalembedwa pa madzulo a nkhani chidzakhala kuwerenga m'mawa mosiyana yomweyo pambuyo ntchito maola ambiri.