Ebola: njira kutengerapo. Ebola: zizindikiro zazikulu

Pa nthawi yonse linakhalapo, anthu si pafupi kutha. Osalimba sapiens thanzi Homo nthawi zonse poyera kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti akhoza kufufuta mtundu wa anthu kuchokera ku nkhope ya dziko lapansi, kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse.

Kudzera minga - kwa zamoyo wa

Mliri, wakuda nthomba HIV anthu matenda (AIDS), kolera ndi ndifotokoze mavuto ena chifundo Ndimatchetcha pansi anthu kwa zaka zambiri. Komanso, masoka achilengedwe, monga kusefukira kwa madzi, zivomezi ndi kuphulitsa mapiri mwakhama anayesa, ngati sindinadza kupasula, kapena kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu. Koma anthu alipo likunena teetered pa mphembenu pa moyo ndi imfa, kwa kuthana ndi mavuto onse aima mu njira ya chitukuko.

Ting'onoting'ono midzi anthu pang'onopang'ono kukhala mu mzinda wa, danga shuttles anaulukira ku malo, Achimereka kukhala kwa kanthawi pa mwezi, ndi asayansi anatulukira nambala yaikulu mankhwala kwa pafupifupi onse matenda. Komanso, malo apadera mankhwala zatenga katemera chitetezo angathe recreate anthu matenda monga chikuku, toxoplasmosis, chikuku, fuluwenza, ndi zina zotero.

mphamvu Mayeso

Zingatanthauze kuti anthu aona chinsinsi thanzi ndi kugonjetsa kachilombo obisika. Koma apo icho chinali! Ngozi watsopano wa imfa, dzina - Ebola. Kodi izo: a HIV mutated, chitukuko cha latsopano zida zotere, ndi wakubayo mlengalenga? Kapena mwina izo Amayi Nature amatenga kubwezera anthu nkhalango kudula, mpweya wowonongeka ndi nyama mwankhanza awonongedwe?

Nkhaniyi angakuuzeni chirichonse chimene ife kudziwa za HIV Ebola: HIV njira, zizindikiro, njira ya matenda, katemerayu ndi chithandizo chosiyanasiyana.

Kuopsa latsopano

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa matenda oopsa, "inawala" mu 1976 mu Africa. Ebola - ndi haemorrhagic malungo, HIV owopsa, imene palibe katemera odalirika kapena mankhwala machiritso. Pankhani ya matenda Mwina imfa ya 25 peresenti 75 osawerengera kukhalapo kwa HIV Ebola mu thupi la kufala kwa matenda limapezeka m'malo mofulumira.
latsopano zopezeka awo pomenyana pa nthawi ya maonekedwe woyamba unosla moyo wake wa anthu 128 mu masabata ochepa chabe. Matenda a anaimitsidwa mwa kwaokha kwambiri.
Kuyambira pamenepo, HIV nthawi kuoneka, koma matenda foci msanga atazikocheza njira kale kutsimikiziridwa mosalidwa okhwima odwala, kuchotsa njira iliyonse ya kufala kwa Ebola.

imfa kuopseza

Yaikulu mu mbiri ya anthu epidimii mliri wa Ebola itayamba mu chaka cha 2014 m'madera atatu mu Africa: Liberia, Guinea ndi Sierra Leone. Patangotha miyezi inayi yokha HIV wapha anthu 5,000, za nambalayi nako, koma mozizwitsa anapulumuka.

Asayansi padziko lonse kuphunzira kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino, amene umapha HIV, koma motsimikiza koma zodziwika kokha kwa njira yofalitsira Ebola. Ndipo izi ndithu anapeza zofunika, amene mungathe ngati mulibe kuchiritsa kwa thupi koopsa, ndiye osachepera kuchepetsa yochepa "ulendo" wake padziko lonse. Ndipotu, chinthu choyipa mu HIV Ebola - HIV ndi kufalitsa matenda achilengedwe. Kwaokha - yekha zolondola kanthu kuteteza kufalitsa matenda. Ndi muyeso kusiya matenda oopsa monga Ebola. Modes wa HIV angathe kupewedwa yekha ngati gwero la matenda n'kopanda.

vuto onse mbewa

Kufala kwa HIV Ebola Zimachitika pa kukhudzana ndi mucous nembanemba kapena thupi madzi a munthu amene ali kapena nyama. Pervonositelyami HIV izi mileme, mileme zipatso ndi nyama zina (mwachitsanzo, anyani ndi porcupines) watilowerera kukhudzana ndi malovu awo ndi ndowe.

wakubayo

Ebola kufala limagwirira ku nyama kupita kwa anthu amayamba ndi mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi mankhwala a anthu dongosolo excretory (magazi, mamina, lymph ndi mkodzo) kachilombo nyama. Ndiponso zimenezi ntchito osati kwa zomera wamoyo, komanso anthu amene anafa Ebola (HIV njira adzapulumutsidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya nyama, ngakhale kukachitika kuti anayamba kale ntchito kuwonongeka).

HIV mosavuta likulowerera mu thupi, matenda akufotokozera masiku 14 mpaka 21, malinga ndi immunocompromised.
Njira ina popereka Ebola - kudya nyama kachilombo nyama, makamaka ngati nyama yaiwisi.

Features kachilombo

Mu kuphunzira HIV pansi mikrosokpom zinaonekeratu kuti amaoneka ngati yaitali, filaments wandiweyani amene poyamba anakopera ndi kuchulukitsa mzake, kenako bwanji kulumikiza ziwalo zonse zokhudza matendawa. Pamenepo adadzanso inu sitepe yotsatira, omwe anapanga Ebola. Njira za HIV - Mitsempha ndi dongosolo lymphatic. Dalneshem chitukuko cha matenda amapezeka maselo amene mudameretsa mapuloteni. Virus kukhalamo wayamba kubala mapuloteni tizilombo, ndipo izi nayenso kupatsira ena selo. Choncho, ambiri a maselo mu kukula exponentially.

unyolo anachita

Zingaoneke - Africa ndi kutali kwambiri. N'chifukwa chiyani World Health Organization zikumveka alamu? Kodi ndi woopsya kwambiri chifukwa dziko lonse Ebola? Kufala kwa matenda angathe kukwanitsidwa ndi munthu wina ndi mzake, kutanthauza kuti mwa njira iyi tingathe anafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Popeza katemera ogwira ndi ogwira mankhwala HIV Ebola unyolo "nyama yowola, mwamuna munthu" likuoneka lonse kwachilengedwenso tsoka, mpaka mofulumira wathunthu wa anthu!

Health Organization World Akatswiri kupereka Zoneneratu zokhumudwitsa za miliri zotheka, anapatsidwa kuti, monga momwe opatsirana Ebola. Modes wa HIV ndi champhamvu ndi osiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kuwerengera, munthu mmodzi wodwala akhoza kupatsira awiri athanzi.

The madzi dontho - imfa

Mwamwayi, matenda si opatsirana ndi m'malovu airborne, koma si angasokoneze ngozi. njira A zimayambitsa kwa munthu Ebola kachilombo wathanzi kumachitika chifukwa kulongosola kukhudzana pafupi ndi madzi kachilombo kwachilengedwenso. Dontho la magazi, mkodzo, lymph, mkaka wa m'mawere ndi umuna mtima imfa ndi moyo.

Koma si onse amene angathe Ebola: njira HIV sikuti ndi zokhazo pamwamba secretions kukhudzana m'thupi la munthu. Iwo anadutsa thukuta, mucous, malovu, ndi chinsinsi cha maliseche. Ndi zonsezi Mwina munachita matenda izi likuoneka ngati wina wakhudza zinthu zimene anaimbira foni akudwala malungo.

Ndi zoopsa kwambiri ndi chakuti munthuyo akhala peddler matenda bola ngati thupi lake lili mavairasi. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti umuna wa amuna akupitiriza muli HIV ngakhale 50 Patapita masiku kuchira, choncho kupewa matenda a wathanzi anthu Ebola, amene HIV akhoza anazindikira kudzera agone, madokotala mwamphamvu amalangiza anachira amapewera mgwirizano kugonana kwa miyezi ingapo.

The achibadwidwe a zitetezeke

Kupewa matenda, komanso kuti akakole Ebola, njira za kufala asungike yochepa: izo osavomerezeka anthu odzacheza m'dziko limene madera mliri ali. Kuwonjezera m'njira iliyonse kukhala ndikukumana ndi anthu onyamula matenda.
Ebola, amene kulanda analengedwa mu njira iliyonse, kupatula kudzera m'malovu airborne, ndi owopsa kwa anthu a dziko lililonse.

matenda

Special insidiousness HIV izi kuti matenda sangathe kuchita masamu yomweyo, monga zizindikiro ofanana kwambiri siteji koyamba za matenda pachimake kupuma, kapena SARS. Kodi akhoza zonse zidzachitika?

1. Mu siteji yoyamba ya matenda malungo, kupweteka kwa mutu, munthu akuona akudwala, minofu kufooka ndi ululu mu mmero. Zonsezi amaoneka ngati tingachipeze powerenga zilonda zapakhosi kapena chimfine.
2. Pang'onopang'ono, matenda ili m'kati, akuyamba kunyansidwa ndi kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, khungu ali ndi totupa, chiwindi ndi impso sangathe kulimbana ndi ntchito zake, kachilombo pang'onopang'ono "akutembenukira kutali" chitetezo cha m'thupi kwa thupi, osati kum'patsa mwayi kulimbana ndi matenda aakulu.
3. The apotheosis matendawa amachita syndrome hemorrhagic: wodwala magazi milomo, m'kamwa, maso, khungu, makutu. Komanso, magazi akufotokozera mu ziwalo mkati.
4. Imfa chimachitika mu masiku 8-14 pambuyo isanayambike matenda. Chifukwa cha imfa - ndi mpaka kalekale madzi m'thupi ndipo mopupuluma nyamuka magazi.

A mayeso kupulumuka

Ngati mukukayikira kuti matenda a Ebola, amene kufala njira ndi osiyanasiyana zochita, ndi mpofunikila kuwona dotolo amene chofunika kugwira mndandanda wa mayesero kutsutsa kapena kutsimikizira Kukhalapo kwa matenda m'thupi.

Pakali pano, njira yodalirika kudziwa Ebola - mayeso a pa polymerase unyolo anachita, zimene akatswiri kuwerengera HIV matupi athu. Mothandizidwa ndi mayesero amenewa akhoza kudziwa matenda pa siteji oyambirira ndi anatiyangata chitukuko.

Malangizo madokotala

azaumoyo tiyenera kukumbukira za kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zitsanzo za mthupi otengedwa odwala amaganiziridwa Ebola: njira kufala molumikizana "zitsanzo zabwino - mosadziteteza anthu pangozi" oopsa monga mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi wodwalayo. Chitsanzo ndi chakuti pa nthawi ya kulemba mu Africa anafa madokotala 10.

madokotala Nkofunika kusunga kusamalitsa monga:

• kuchapa ndi kusamba m'manja tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• mavairasi oyambitsa atavala masks zachipatala ndi zovala zapadera zodzitetezera;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zodzitetezera.

Chithandizo kuti "mwina"

Monga tanena mankhwala amayenda ndi katemera chiphatso ndi Ebola hemorrhagic malungo ngati December 2014 kulibe. Komabe, posachedwapa, ku United States pa odzipereka 20 anthu anayesedwa novoizobretonnaya katemera, amene zochita ndicho kukhala ndi chitetezo angathe pritivostoyat HIV.

Mankhwalawa zofunika imakhala mankhwala wothandiza:

• mtsempha electrolyte njira kuteteza madzi m'thupi;
• Disinfection wa thupi;
• thandizo kupuma ndi makina mpweya wabwino.

Zikomo kuti tigwire mwai awa akhoza kuchepetsa imfa akukhudzidwira ndi 10%, koma kuchiritsa odwala onse sizingatheke.

mantha sizinatheke

anthu lathuli amaganizira zokhuza kuthekera kubuka mliri mu ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi.
Komanso, ambiri amaopa kuti, ngati kachilombo aliyense, Ebola akhoza kusintha mu mawonekedwe woopsa kwambiri, chifukwa mu kumayamba kudzera mwa m'malovu airborne. Akatswiri a sayansi amanena kuti palibe prerequisites kuonetsetsa kuti HIV mwadzidzidzi n'kuyamba kudzera mu mpweya.

Pakuika tsogolo la anthu

Pa chitukuko cha katemera ndi mankhwala ndi kuopseza latsopano allocated limanena yaikulu ndalama. Makamaka US ndalama zolipirira ndi $ 1,000,000, ndi makasitomala pafupifupi 3,000 asayansi yabwino chidali chifuniro kuti amuchotsepo ngozi utapachikika anthu. Komanso, m'mayiko ambiri munjira ina iliyonse kuthandiza Africa kukamenyana Ebola. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti ngati pa chaka Ebola sati analamulira, pang'onopang'ono kufalikira ponseponse.

Supuni ya uchi mu mbiya ya Ebola

Ngakhale chiopsezo kwambiri a Ebola, pali zinthu zina zimene zingachititse zolemba za mpumulo. Iwo anati:

• HIV si choncho n'zosavuta kuti muyambe kwa wina ndi thupi lina wamoyo Komabe, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa njira HIV, liwiro kafalitsidwe wa HIV ndi otsika kwambiri;
• matenda monga fuluwenza, chikuku ndi AIDS, kufalitsa mofulumira kuposa Ebola - ndi anthu adakali padziko lapansi;
• m'mayiko kutukuka kukatenga ngozi za matenda yafupika pafupifupi ziro;
• Today chiwerengero cha milandu ndi laling'ono kwambiri - anthu 5,000 okha (by njira, kuchokera chimfine banal amafa chaka theka la anthu miliyoni mu dziko);
• Ndipotu, anthu kale anakumana ndi matenda ofanana ndi bwinobwino anapambana: mu 2008 ku Ulaya "alendo" Marburg HIV - pafupifupi m'bale amapasa Ebola mu njira ya yogawa ndi zizindikiro;
• pafupifupi onse ndege zambiri kapena zazing'ono zili ndi malo a ukhondo ndi umoyo, amene kuyan'ana angofika m'basimo.

Kulonga n'cigwagwa, tikhoza kuvomereza kuti Ebola kufala kwa matendawa ndi mavuto - ndi wochititsa mantha, koma pamene iwo sakuzindikira kusunga pulayimale malamulo a ukhondo. M'mayiko kutukuka ndi mkulu mlingo wa chisamaliro ayenera mliri wa HIV ndi pafupifupi ziro.
Komanso, ena posachedwapa katemera kuti adzateteza anthu ku kumuopseza latsopano.
Komanso, yakuthandizani amalumphira patsogolo leaps ndi malire - ndipo ndithu mwina angapo zaka dziko sadzapitiriza kukhala limodzi odwala munthu, ndi Ebola idzatitimira anaiwalika.