CSS-selector, ndiponso udindo wake mu masanjidwe HTML-chikalata

Kupanga webusaiti ndi kudzaza ndi zinthu zina za tsamba, aliyense amakumana ndi mawu monga CSS-selector. Ali molondola kwambiri kudziwa mbali zonse za HTML-file a zinalengedwera ndi malo pa tsamba. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kulenga CSS-chikalata limatchula selectors ena ndi njira zawo masanjidwe: mtundu, kukula, malo ndi zina. Aliyense mlengi ukonde ayenera kudziwa ndi kukhala okhoza bwino kulowa masankhidwe ankafuna. Iwo agawidwa mwa mtundu, waukulu umene tikambirana pansipa.

Mitundu ya selectors mu CSS

Malinga ndi zomwe amafotokozera umagwiritsidwa ntchito HTML-Onani m'magazini, CSS-selector zikugwirizana limodzi la magulu awa:

• opatsidwa selector;
• kalasi selector;
• ID-selector;
• am'patse selector.

Tag selector

Limatchedwanso "mtundu selector" kapena "mchitidwe", ndi zophweka kwambiri ndi wamba. Monga wake CSS-chikalata maina a miyambo ya HTML-file, zomwe ife kufotokoza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tiyenera anapereka ndime kalembedwe, ife mwachindunji katundu ndi mfundo zawo kwa tsa mchitidwe {maziko: X; mtundu: Y; kukula: z}. Pankhaniyi, ndime yonse ya tsamba adzakhala ndi mtundu womwewo (mtundu maziko, kukula malemba, ndi zina zotero. D.).

kalasi selector

Ndipo nanga bwanji ngati mukufuna kufunsa wanu ndime iliyonse ndi osiyana masitaelo ena? Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali kalasi selector.

CSS-chikalata Pankhaniyi akanaikamo kulowa mwa mawonekedwe zotsatirazi: p.first {mtundu: ×; wosasintha kukula: Y}. Choncho, ife chimatanthauza zimatha "mtundu" ndi "kukula" okha kalasi ndime yoyamba.

Mu HTML-chikalata Pankhaniyi analowa kalasi chikhumbo dzina la kalembedwe woyamba. Makalasi akhoza kukhala momwe kalembedwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kwa zinthu tsamba.

Selector ID

Nthawi zambiri pali tifunika kumasulila kalembedwe molondola kwambiri, mwachitsanzo aliyense chinthu china wa tsamba, kapena kuyesa iwo. Imeneyi, chithandizo abwera ID-selector. HTML file perekani ndi chifunirocho item dzina chimene chimasonyeza mwa ena. Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zimene ife kuti ndikhale wosiyana kalembedwe ena adzakhala mutu nkhani.

Kenako HTML-chikalata kupatsa chamutu H1 dzina, monga articlename. Ndipo mu CSS-file, mwachindunji kalembedwe, kuwonjezera ID dzina grille: #articlename {mtundu: buluu; malemba-Dendekerani: pakati}. Tsopano mutu wakuti athu adzakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu zokha.

Aliyense wa mitundu pamwamba tinganene kuti "losavuta CSS-selector" anafotokoza. Iwo amaonetsera masanjidwe kwa chizindikiro linalake HTML-chikalata: pamodzi zinthu zofanana (mwachitsanzo, ndime yonse ya nkhani), gulu limodzi (mwachitsanzo, okhawo ndime yoyamba) kapena inayake (mwachitsanzo, mutu nkhani).

am'patse selectors

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, pali CSS-selectors makhalidwe - njira zosavuta a masitaelo ntchito. Timatha mtundu zinthu HTML pa khalidwe anasankha phindu. Pali mitundu ingapo ya selector izi:

• ndi pamaso pa khalidwe la;
• pa mtengo wake enieni;
• ndi mtengo tsankho chikhumbo;
• pa mtengo yake yeniyeni.

Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse mitundu awa:

1. Mbali yoyamba. Zokongoletsa umagwiritsidwa, ngati alipo mu zenizeni chikhumbo HTML-Code (kungakhale tsa, div, chamutu, etc.). Ngati izo siziri, limagwiritsa ntchito angaperekedwe kwa mbali zonse za kalembedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kwa zinthu ndi mutu (chida nsonga).
2. Nkhani yachiwiri. Kalembedwe amangonena za HTML-zinthu zimene ndi machesi yeniyeni makhalidwe lingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, ndani anathandizapo pa zinthu, kumene mtengo wa mtundu lingaliro liri kugonjera.
3. Nkhani yachitatu. Mu mtundu kokha monga zinthu mu mndandanda wa mfundo zimene ali mawu ena. Mwachitsanzo, sideBar chikhumbo "kalasi" kwa zinthu div.
4. Nkhani chachinayi. Kalembedwe limanenedwa okha zinthu za HTML-chikalata, amene makamaka khalidwe ali ndi phindu zina, ndipo ayamba naye. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu mwachindunji kuti zinthu zonse zomwe Chingerezi chikhumbo (awa angathe kukhala paulendo, en-Lazaro, paulendo-au ndi T. D.).

Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi kapena wina, CSS selector, zingatheke mwachindunji ngati tsamba lonse, ndi kufotokoza ena mwa zinthu zake.