Classicism pa zomangamanga a Russia (zithunzi)

Classicism pa zomangamanga a Russia anaonekera mu XVIII mochedwa ndipo mwachangu anayamba m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Asangalala nyengo yatsopano ya zomangamanga Russian. Kwakhala kusintha yowala maonekedwe a kamangidwe ka likulu, komanso ena mizinda ina. Yotsatira chimene chimapanga classicism zomangamanga. Nenani pa nkhani amangokhala kupanga ntchito zoperekedwa nkhani.

mwachidule

Classicism ndi European chikhalidwe ndi zokongoletsa mafunde. Iwo anatsogoleredwa ndi luso wakale, makamaka Roma wakale ndi Greek. Monga malangizo chitukuko ankatsatira kwambiri ndi nthano za nthawi imeneyo. Monga mabuku Russian, mu classicism ake m'ma zinali ndi neyarok ndi waufupi. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi za nyimbo. Komabe, katswiri ambiri a zomangamanga chakale mu Russia anali akadali kumanzere ana.

m'madera khalidwe: Kufotokozera

Classicism pa zomangamanga (chithunzi pansipa) chimasiyana bata ndi momveka mungoli, muyezo kumva. Tikulankhula za kufanana kusintha. Chosokonekera akuimira lamulo waukulu wa zikuchokera. Features wa classicism pa zomangamanga ndi m'madera okwana mogwirizana ndi lonse. Pankhani pakhomo waukulu nyumbayi, izo zinkayenera kuti pakati penipeni ndi kuona la pakhonde panali. Chinkatanthauza projecting patsogolo mbali ya kapangidwe ndi matabwa ndi mizati. Pankhaniyi, yotsirizira kukhala osiyana ndi mtundu khoma. Childs, ndime anali mtundu woyera. makoma anali chikasu. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pa classicism pa zomangamanga.

Kumangidwa ndondomeko: kulamula mzinda

Classicism pa zomangamanga a Russia anayamba kutuluka bwino kwambiri. The inalamula la kuchimake kwa zinthu zachikhalidwe likulu zinali zodzaza ndi kumanga nyumba Admiralty. Ntchito anayamba kupanga Andreianov Dmitrievich Zakharov. Yaikulu yomanga wamanga waganiza kuonetsetsa nsanja chapakati. Chachikulu kiyubiki m'munsi anali ngati kutsogolera kwa chilengedwe cha zazikulu ofukula yopitiriza ake. yomanga imeneyi zonse kumakhala kosavuta kapangidwe ali ndi zipilala kuwala. Komanso pali mofulumira nyamuka gilt singano ndi ngalawa. Nyimboyi a zomangamanga lonse la mzindawo pa Neva anapatsidwa wapadera ndi buoyant kayendedwe ka ndi Admiralty. Bwato anatembenuka mkhalidwe lake.

Classicism pa zomangamanga wa St. Petersburg

Mu zaka za m'ma XVIII, likulu zimaonetsa gulu loyimba umodzi. Zinali zofanana kwambiri ku Moscow zaka ndipo anaikidwa mu verdure zigawo zambiri. Kenako anayamba kumanga njira zake zonse, zimene, ngati kunyezimira kwa mogwirizana ku Admiralty. ndi chidwi classicism ku St. Petersburg zomangamanga chiyani? Izi koposa zonse, nyumba osati munthu ndi ensembles lonse ndi njira. Classicism pa zomangamanga wa St. Petersburg ndi kukwapula mogwirizana ake, mgwirizano ndi bwino.

Pomanga Stock Kusinthanitsa

Pa chiyambi cha classicism XIX atumwi zomangamanga wa St. Petersburg anayamba kukula mu kufunika. Kusinthana pa Malovu a Vasilyevsky Island anali ndi kugwira ntchito yaikulu. Iye amayenera kugwirizanitsa magulu amene anapanga kuzungulira gawo linafalitsidwa kwambiri pa bedi mtsinje. Thomas de A Thomon, ndi French wamanga amene angagwiritse kuwombola ndi muvi kamangidwe. A. D. Zaharov nawo Baibulo la asilikali a. mavuto onse akhala kuthetsedwa chifukwa cha wanzeru kulenga mgwirizano wa mapulani. Kachitidwe ali teamed Neva galasi. Pankhani voliyumu ya nyumbayi ndi kuwombola yokha, ndi ochepa. Koma iye molimba ankatsutsa pamwamba chachikulu cha madzi. Izi makamaka zimatheka kupyolera ndime rostral ndi mitundu makamaka ntchito yomanga. Topic ulamuliro pa zinthu zamphamvu wakhala bwino anakamba. Makamaka, wofesayo ntchito yaikulu imene amathandizana ndi gulu loyimba. Russian classicism pa zomangamanga, zosemasema anapitiriza kulimbitsa. Umboni ali ku mapeto a kanjedza amphamvu anakongoletsa quays a mitsinje yaikulu ya dziko. Pa chilengedwe awo ntchito ambuye ambiri: V. I. Demut-Malinosky, II Terebenev ndi SS Pimenov. Awa ndi zambiri katswiri wina chakale zomangamanga Russian kumanja ndi tanthauzo lonse.

Ntchito pa Nevsky Chiyembekezo

Tiona pa thoroughfare waukulu likulu chikhalidwe. Ndi pomanga Kazan Cathedral chiyembekezo anayamba kuyang'ana ngati umodzi mapulani gulu loyimba. ntchito linakonzedwa Andreem Nikiforovichem Voronihinym. Mwa njira, bambo ake anali serf. chitsanzo A anatengedwa chilengedwe cha Michelangelo. Ndi Cathedral wa St. Peter (Rome). Voronikhin ntchito zolinga zake. Choncho wapadera ntchito mapulani analengedwa. m'deralo, inali kutsogolo kwa Kazan Cathedral, ndi mbali zonse ataphimbidwa ndi zipilala zake. Mzindawu unakhala likulu la moyo chikhalidwe cha mzinda. Kenako, inachitika zitsanzo ndi misonkhano. The tchalitchi unasamutsidwa fumbi M. I. Kutuzova.

Cathedral St. Isake

Iye inamangidwa zaka makumi anayi. Tikuyankhula zokhudza nyumba yaikulu, yomwe inamangidwa mu zoyambirira za XIX atumwi ku Russia. Mkati kungakhale pa nthawi yomweyo 13 zikwi alendo. ntchito anayamba Ogyust Monferran. Monga mapangidwe wa ulemerero mkati ndi maonekedwe, kuti panafika kp Bryullov ndi P. K. Klodt - zojambula ndi zosemasema, motero. Pakati kotero kuti tchalitchi adzakhala nacho kulimba ndi mphamvu ya autocracy lapansi. Komanso amatanthauza mgwirizano pafupi ndi tchalitchi cha Orthodox. Kumanga tchalitchi alidi otchuka. Izo zimapangitsa chidwi kwambiri kukoma. Komabe, sangathe chitonzo ndi makasitomala ndi othandizira ndi megalomania ena. Izi zinasonyeza kuti classicism Russian pa zomangamanga anayamba kuona nthawi zovuta.

Moscow nyumba

Kumachitika kwenikweni yodziwika osati ensembles ndi nyumba payekha. Ndi nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa woyamba, zinali zovuta kwambiri kubereka iwo pa misewu yokhota kumapeto amene kwenikweni amalimbikitsa nyumba ya Nthawi osiyana. The moto kumene kunachitika mu 1812, analephera kuswa masiyanidwe wawo wa masitaelo. Komabe, Nyumba classicism Russian muno ngakhale athe kubweretsa kuwala mitundu. Pambuyo moto unabuka mu Moscow, linamangidwa ambiri nyumba zokongola. Tikuyankhula zokhudza gulu la matrasti pa Solyanka, m'bwalomo, Bolshoi Theatre, ndi zina zotero. Chipilala Minin ndi Pozharsky anamangidwira pa Red Square. Mlembi cha ntchito imeneyi ndi Ivan Petrovich Marsov. Ziboliboli analemekeza miyambo ya classicism. Chifukwa cha ichi, anthu ovala zovala yakale yoyendera. Moscow classicism sanathe kudzitama yemweyo yolemekezeka monumentality monga St. Petersburg. Iye anali yodziwika ndi nyumba yaing'ono farmsteads. Tinganene kuti Moscow classicism yaitali pafupi ndi munthu, n'kupanda kwambiri ndi ufulu. Nyumba Lopukhins - yabwino Moscow zazikulu, cholinga kalembedwe imeneyi. ntchito linakonzedwa ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga A. G. Grigorevym. Wachokera serfs lapansi.

Development wa mizinda akuzigawo

Iwo anali ikuchitika chimodzimodzi kwa Moscow. m'chigawo akhoza kudzitama angapo a ojambula zithunzi zazikulu. Baroque ndi Classicism pa zomangamanga a nyumba ku Siberia anali mmalo kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XIX. makhalidwe amenewa zikugwirizananso kulikonse. Mwachitsanzo, Cathedral Voskresenskoye Tomsk kapena Moscow chipata Irkutsk. classicism Kenako potsiriza analimbitsa ku Siberia. "The White House" - mmodzi wa zolengedwa yabwino ya woyambayo, chidachitika mu kalembedwe imeneyi. Linamangidwa Sibiryakovs amalonda. Iye anadzakhala nyumba yogona bwanamkubwa wamkulu. Cossack Nikolsky Cathedral anamangidwira mu Omsk, malinga ndi polojekiti ya mmisiri wotchuka. Ndi za Vasily Petrovich Stasov. Mbendera ya Ermak anachisunga tchalitchi ichi.

nthawi yamavuto

Izo zinayambira mu 30s za m'ma XIX. M'nthawi anaima ndi kusirira chongosangalatsa ogwetsa nyumba ndi mizati. Ichinso anatchulidwa N. V. Gogol. Pa nthawi imeneyo, St. Petersburg chidafundidwa ndi kumanga nyumba. Iwo anali kukhala makomo angapo. Komabe, mogwirizana ndi malamulo a classicism, chimodzi chokha chachikulu Inde akanatha anachita, amene anali udzakhazikitsidwe mu maofesi a pakati. Pansi m'munsi mwa nyumba nyumba amadziwikanso kusintha. Iwo anayamba kuika m'masitolo. Ngakhale pano, mfundo zachikhalidwe sanathe anakumana. Ichi chinali chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mazenera lonse. Choncho, pansi pa mavuto zenizeni yamakono ya classicism ndinayenera kuchoka.

mayendedwe latsopano

Creative maganizo a mapulani anayamba mfundo cha "kusankha anzeru". Iwo anakhulupirira kuti nyumba ayenera kuphedwa mu kalembedwe kuti bwino Cholinga cholinga chake. Koma zotsatira zake zomalizira kudalira kukoma wa katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi zofuna za makasitomala a. Manor landlords anayamba adzamangidwa mu kalembedwe akale Gothic. M'mizinda panali lolemera zinyumba, lolingana malamulo onse a Baroque latsopano. Nthawi zina makasitomala amapatsa mapulani amafuna sanali muyezo. Choncho, nyumba nyumba tikhoza kuona chithunzi mawindo. Nthawi ya kusakaniza masitaelo.

nyumba Kenako wotchuka

The Hermitage Chatsopano inamangidwa St. Petersburg kwa polojekiti, kulengedwa ndi German wamanga Leo Klenze. Wamphamvu Atlanta lubwe akulondera pakhomo, kukongoletsa kapangidwe (ano Greek kalembedwe), ndi mbali bwino - zinthu zonsezi analenga fano chidwi cha nyumbayi. Kenako, Nicholas Palace anamangidwira. Iwo amajambulapo maluwa okongola a Italiya Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi bwino kunachokera. Chitukuko cha polojekitiyi ndi wamanga Andreyu Ivanovichu Shtakenshneyderu. malingaliro mkati mwa nyumba yachifumu opangidwa chidwi pacimake. Mdima grille anatsindika chipongwe kuthamanga akulowera chachikulu staircase. Mizati amasiyana chisomo chapadera. Zikuoneka kuti m'chipinda chotetezeka zosavuta kuti kudalira pa iwo. Zikuoneka kuti zomangamanga ndi zonse kuyenda mkati. Pankhani danga makwerero, ndi kukodzedwa m'mwamba mozama.

Athandiza Konstantin tani

Cholinga chake luso anali chitsitsimutso miyambo ya zomangamanga wakale. Ntchito malankhulidwe zinamangidwa mpingo zisanu ozungulira ndi mazenera yopapatiza arched. Anagwiritsa ntchito Byzantine ndi Russian zokongoletsa. zinthu zonsezi pamodzi ndi chosokonekera ndipo anapangira classicism kwambiri. Naye tani samakhoza kumufikitsa kusiya. Ambiri a kalembedwe izi ophatikizana ankaoneka yokumba kwambiri. Komabe, kwenikweni anali ena. chifukwa chachikulu - sikokwanira kuya kufufuza ya cholowa wakale mapulani. Nicholas Ndimayamikira ntchito ya tani. The wamanga anapatsidwa malamulo angapo lalikulu Moscow. Big Kremlin Palace inamangidwa pansi pa utsogoleri wake. Kenako, kuika kachisi wa Khristu Mpulumutsiyo. erection wake anatambasula nthawi yayitali. Dziwani kuti kachisi pathupi ngati chikumbutso cha chipulumutso cha dziko ku kuwukira Napoleon a. Mu 1883, izo mwakachetechete wodzipereka. nyumbayo nawo ambuye ambiri aluso Russian pakati pawo:

1. Stonemasons.
2. Casters.
3. Akatswiri.
4. Ojambula zithunzi.
5. Osema.

Komanso mu mpingo anakhazikitsa nsangalabwi zolengeza amene maina a alonda akufa ndi ovulala anali moyo imeneyi. Lili zokhudza mmene asilikali ambiri anaphedwa mu nkhondo inayake. Mu mipukutuyi nsangalabwi ndi moyo imeneyi mayina a anthu amene anapereka ndalama zawo kuti apambane. Koma silhouette wa Moscow, handiredi-mita zambiri za kachisi mwangwiro ziziwayendera bwino ku izo.