Atkinson mkombero kuchita. Atkinson mkombero injini monga

Internal kuyaka injini ntchito mu magalimoto kwa zaka. Ambiri, mfundo ya ntchito yawo si masinthidwe aakulu kuyambira chiyambi cha likuchita. Koma ngati injini uyu ali zambiri zovuta, akatswiri sitileka kuyambitsa zaluso kuti kusintha engine. Tiyeni tione, amene amatchedwa Atkinson mkombero. Lero, mungathe kumva kuti ntchito magalimoto ena. Koma chomwe izo ziri, ndi monga injini cileka kuomba naye?

Atkinson mkombero

Nikolaus Otto katswiri wa ku Germany, akufuna mu 1876 mkombero ongokhala:

• chikuonetseratu;
• psinjika;
• sitiroko;
• kumasulidwa.

Pambuyo pa zaka khumi, ndi English zatsopano Dzheyms Atkinson anayamba izo. Komabe, kumvetsa mwatsatanetsatane, izo angatchedwe kwambiri choyambirira mtundu wa mkombero Atkinson.

injini kuyaka Internal ndi qualitatively osiyana. Ndipotu, ndi crankshaft ndi kuchepetsa mfundo kuphatikana, kulola imfa mphamvu kudzera mikangano yafupika, ndi pa psinjika chiŵerengero ndi kuchuluka.

Komanso, iwo anapezeka ndi zina gawo mpweya kufalitsidwa. Pa injini ochiritsira pisitoni chatsekedwa atangotha kudutsa mfundo akufa. A chiwembu osiyana ndi Atkinson mkombero. Pali sitiroko zayamba yaitali, kuyambira vavu atseka mosakwanira njira kudzera pisitoni kuti pakati pamwamba akufa (kumene kale Otto psinjika).

Theoretically imayenera Otto Atkinson mkombero pafupifupi khumi peresenti. Komabe, si ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, mu kuchita, chifukwa chakuti iye amatha kugwira ntchito akafuna opaleshoni kokha pamene imathamanga mkulu. Komanso chofunika supercharger makina, zomwe limatchedwa zonsezi "Atkinson-Miller mkombero". Komabe, zikuoneka kuti ubwino wa chitukuko mwaganizapo anataya kwa iye.

Choncho, magalimoto ngati Atkinson mkombero kuchita pafupifupi osati ntchito. Koma zitsanzo hybrid ngati Toyota Prius, opanga anayamba ntchito ngakhale mu mndandanda. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka kuti ntchito yeniyeni ya mitundu ya injini: otsika liwiro galimoto amasuntha chifukwa samatha magetsi pa mathamangitsidwe ndi kokha masiwichi kwa petulo unit.

nthawi

Origin Atkinson mkombero injini anali ndi bulky mpweya kufalitsidwa limagwirira, emitting phokoso lalikulu. Koma pamene chifukwa atulukira American Charles Knight m'malo alipidwa mavavu zitsulo ndi pagalimoto ntchito spools wapadera mu mawonekedwe a peyala ya manja amene anakonza pakati pa yamphamvu ndi pisitoni, injini pang'ono kusiya kupanga phokoso. Komabe, kuchulukitsa kwa kapangidwe ntchito choperekedwa mtengo ndithu, koma zopangidwa otchuka magalimoto ziziyenda anali okonzeka kulipira mayiko izi.

Komabe, kale mu mmasate ya kusintha ife akana, chifukwa injini anali sakhalitsa ndipo kumwa mafuta ndi mafuta ndi yayikulu.

Engine chitukuko m'dera limeneli amadziwika lero - mwina akatswiri adzatha tichotse zolakwa za chitsanzo ndi Charles Knight ndi kutenga katundu.

chitsanzo Universal m'tsogolo

Panopa opanga ambiri kale osauka Motors konsekonse, umene pamodzi, ndi mayunitsi mafuta mphamvu, ndi samatha kwambiri ndi dzuwa la injini dizilo.

Pambali imeneyi, sikuti kuti petulo mayunitsi ndi mwachindunji mafuta jekeseni, anafika mkulu psinjika index kuti mayunitsi khumi kapena khumi ndi zinayi (mu injini dizilo, mlingo pang'ono kuposa khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi) akutsimikizira masitepe bwino malangizo amenewa. Iwo ngakhale ntchito mofanana ndi mayunitsi ndi psinjika poyatsira. Only osakaniza ntchito ayenera chongopeka akayaka kandulo.

Mu zitsanzo experimental ya psinjika ukufika ngakhale apamwamba - mpaka mayunitsi khumi kapena khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Koma pamaso pa galimoto-poyatsira mpaka mlingo ukufika. Koma kandulo Wolumala mu yunifolomu zoyenda, walola masiwichi injini ndi mode ofanana ndi injini dizilo, ndi kunyeketsa mafuta pang'ono.

The kuyaka ndi Lamulo pakompyuta kusintha malinga kunja.

The Madivelopa amati injini izi ndi ndalama kwambiri. Komabe, kwa kuŵeta si kafukufuku zokwanira wakhala maphunziro.

The variable psinjika chiŵerengero

Chizindikiro n'kofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo mphamvu Mwachangu ndi mtengo mwachindunji amadalira digiri yapamwamba ya psinjika. Mwachibadwa, sikutheka kuonjezera kalekale. Choncho, nthawi zina chitukuko chaleka. Apo ayi pali chiopsezo detonation, zomwe zingachititse kuti kuwonongeka engine.

Makamaka amphamvu mlingo uwu umaonekera injini ndi supercharging. Ndipotu, iwo usavutike mwamphamvu kwambiri, choncho kuchuluka Mwina kudzipheralo ndi detonation ndi zayamba apamwamba. Choncho, psinjika chiŵerengero ndi zina zofunika kuchepetsa, chifukwa cha zomwe, ndithudi, ndi amachepetsa galimoto dzuwa.

Choncho, pa psinjika chiŵerengero ayenera zosiyanasiyana bwino ngati ntchito ya mode opaleshoni ndipo katundu. Development anali kwambiri, koma iwo ali ovuta kwambiri ndi yokwera mtengo.

The lodziwika bwino Saab

Zotsatira zabwino anali mwana'yo kampani ya Saab pamene anamasulidwa mu 2000, injini yamphamvu asanu, amene ali pa malita 1.6 buku anapereka mazana awiri twente-faifi akavalo. Izi lero akuwoneka tingaganize.

injini agawidwa magawo awiri pamene mbali olumikiza mzake ndi hinge njira. Ili pansipa crankshaft ndi, kulumikiza ndodo ndi pistons, ndi pamwamba - ndi mitu yamphamvu. Hayidiroliki pagalimoto akhoza ingapendame chidutswa ndi mutu yamphamvu ndi kusintha psinjika chiŵerengero pamene akuyendetsa kompresa lapansi. Ngakhale mphamvu ya chitukuko analinso kuti kudzachitike chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo wa zomangamanga.

Pang'ono ndi mosavuta

Choncho, tinganene kuti injini akuthamanga pa Atkinson adzizungulira, zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri mu njira ya kusintha kwa limagwirira galimoto m'tsogolo. Zikuoneka kuti kusintha kwa zochokera wina ndi mzake, mkati kuyaka injini, pa otsiriza, kuti akafuna mulingo woyenera ntchito.