ASCII malamulo (American muyezo malamulo mumve kutonthozana) - yakuti lemba kabisidwe kwa zilembo Latin

Bungwe lina telefoni Union, mu 2016 Intaneti kapena zochepa zonse ntchito anthu atatu biliyoni theka. Ambiri a iwo n'komwe kuti mauthenga aliwonse kuwatumizira kudzera PC kapena zipangizo m'manja, komanso malemba amene anasonyeza pa oyang'anira a mitundu yonse Ndipotu, ndi osakaniza 0 ndipo 1. akutchedwa ndiyotengera chifaniziro cha mfundo. Imakhala ndi facilitates kukhazikitsa yosungirako ake, processing ndi HIV. Mu 1963, a US ASCII malamulo wakhala akupangidwa zomwe ndi nkhani imeneyi.

Ulaliki wa uthenga pa kompyuta

Kumbali ya malemba pakompyuta kompyuta ndi mndandanda wa anthu otchulidwa payekha. Ena mwa iwo okha ayi, kalata, kuphatikizapo likulu, komanso zizindikiro zopumira, manambala. Komanso, zizindikiro zapadera ntchito "=", "&", "(" ndi malo.

A kuchuluka zizindikiro amapanga malemba, wotchedwa zilembo, ndipo chiwerengero - mphamvu (amaimira monga N). Kudziwa mawu N = 2 ^ b, kumene B - chiwerengero cha Akamva zambiri kapena makamaka chizindikiro kulemera.

Inatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ya zilembo 256 zilembo limakupatsani kugonjera ndi zilembo zonse zofunikira.

Popeza 256 ndi 8 digiri awiri, ndiye kulemera kwa khalidwe lililonse ndi 8 Akamva.

Unit muyeso 8 Akamva amatchedwa 1-mamvekedwe, choncho tinganene kuti malamulo bayinare khalidwe lililonse mwa malemba amene amasunga kompyuta yanu, ali mamvekedwe wina kuiwalidwa.

Kodi kabisidwe ndi

mawu alionse analowa mu PC kukumbukira kudzera makiyi kiyibodi, manambala pa zimene zinalembedwa, makalata zizindikiro zopumira ndi zizindikiro zina. M'chikumbumtima iwo zimafalitsidwa mu kachidindo bayinare, ie, wina chizindikiro ndi kujambula mapu kuti malamulowo bwino decimal kwa munthu 0 kuti 255 womwe ndi mpambo bayinare - .. Kuchokera 00000000 kuti 11111111.

Mamvekedwe khalidwe kabisidwe akulola purosesa amachita processing a m'lemba, amanena kuti khalidwe lililonse payokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe 256 ndi wokwanira kuimira mfundo iliyonse khalidwe.

Wolemba pulogalamu otchulidwa ASCII

chidule Izi zikuimirira English American muyezo malamulo mumve kutonthozana.

Ngakhale pa chiyambi cha computerization, kunapezeka kuti n'zotheka kuti abwere ndi zosiyanasiyana za kabisidwe zambiri. Komabe, kusamutsa mfundo kompyuta wina ndi mzake ankafunika kukhala muyezo umodzi. Choncho, mu 1963 panali ASCII-tebulo mu US. Ndi chilichonse zilembo khalidwe kompyuta ndi nambala maulamulirowo chifaniziro bayinare. Poyamba, malamulowo ASCII ntchito kokha mu United States, ndipo anadzakhala muyezo padziko lonse PC.

Zamkatimu

zizindikiro ASCII anawagawa m'magulu 2. muyezo m'mayiko ankaona kuti yekha zoyambirira pa tebulo. Pamafunikanso kachidindo pa ndondomeko nambala ya 0 (yosiyanasiyana monga 00000000) kwa 127 (malamulo 01111111).

Table kabisidwe zazikulu ndi makalata lowercase akutsatira mzake kuti afabeti ndi manambala - mfundo m'mwamba. Mfundo imeneyi re anthu zilembo Russian.

otchulidwa ulamuliro

tebulo ASCII kabisidwe poyamba linapangidwa kuti phwando ndi kufala kwa mudziwe izi salinso ntchito ndi chipangizo monga teletype a. Pa nkhani imeneyi, akonzedwa khalidwe m'gulu nonprinting ntchito malamulo kulamulira chipangizo. malamulo amenewa ankagwiritsa ntchito maluso ameneŵa chisanadze kompyuta mauthenga ngati Morse code, ndi zina zotero.

Ambiri "teletype" chizindikiro ndi NUL (00 "ziro"). Iye akadali ntchito mu zinenero zambiri mapulogalamu, kuonetsa chizindikiro cha mapeto a mzere.

Kodi ntchito kabisidwe ASCII

American Standard Code amafuna osati malemba kulowa kiyibodi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu tchati. Makamaka, ASCII Art Mlengi pulogalamu mafano amaimira osiyana yophunzitsa sipekitiramu khalidwe ASCII kabisidwe.

mankhwala imeneyi mitundu iwiri: akonzi likutipatsa kuchita ntchito mwa akatembenuka fano mu mawu ndi otembenuka "Zithunzi" mu ASCII-zithunzi. Mwachitsanzo, wodziwika ndi chitsanzo chabwino Smiley wolemba pulogalamu chizindikiro.

ASCII angagwiritsidwe ntchito polenga chikalata HTML. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kulowa ya m'nkhaniyi ndi chizindikiro logwirizana ndi malamulo kuwoneka pamene kuonera tsamba chophimba.

ASCII zingamuthandize kulenga malo zinenero zambiri, monga zizindikiro kuti simuli tebulo makamaka dziko, m'malo mwa ASCII-zizindikiro.

zina

Kuti encode mudziwe lemba mu ASCII poyambirira ntchito 7 Akamva (mmodzi yense kanthu), koma lero amagwira ntchito ngati 8-bit.

Makalata, zomwe zili mizati ali pamwamba ndi pansi amasiyana mzake kokha mwa pang'ono limodzi. Izi kumachepetsa kwambiri zovuta za mayeso.

ntchito ASCII mu Office Microsoft

Ngati ndi kotheka, mtundu wa mudziwe kabisidwe lemba angagwiritsidwe ntchito akonzi malemba ndi Microsoft, monga polembapo, ndipo Mawu Office. Komabe, pamene kulemba mu nkhani iyi, inu simungakhoze ntchito ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, inu sangathe kuchita molimba mtima ngati khalidwe ASCII akuzisunga yekha tanthauzo la mudziwe, kunyalanyaza mawonekedwe wonse ndi mawonekedwe.

standardization

gulu womulera ISO muyezo ISO 8859. Gulu amasonyeza eyiti-bit kabisidwe kwa zinenero zosiyana. Makamaka, ISO 8859-1 - ndi Ena ASCII, amene ali tebulo United States ndi Ulaya. A ISO 8859-5 - ndi tebulo ntchito zilembo za Chisililiki, kuphatikizapo chinenero cha Chirasha.

Zifukwa m'mbiri ISO 8859-5 izo ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa.

Pakuti chinenero cha Chirasha panthawi kwenikweni ntchito kabisidwe:

• CP866 (Code Page 866), kapena DOS, amene mChipangano zina kabisidwe GOST. Iwo anali mwakhama ntchito mpaka m'ma 90 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Pa nthawi, pafupifupi konse ntchito.
• KOI-8. Wolemba pulogalamu anayamba kupanga mu 1970-80s, ndipo pa nthawiyo ndi muyezo ambiri mauthenga mu RuNet. Ambiri ntchito mu Os banja Unix, kuphatikizapo Linux. "Russian" buku la KOI-8, wotchedwa KOI-8R. Komanso, pali Mabaibulo m'zinenero zina Chisililiki monga Chiyukireniya.
• Code Page 1251 (CP 1251, Windows - 1251). Yopangidwa ndi Microsoft kupereka thandizo kwa chinenero Russian chilengedwe Windows.

The mwayi waukulu CP866 muyezo woyamba anali kusunga otchulidwa zoyerekeza-likutipatsa mu malo omwewo monga ASCII Ena. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuthamanga zikutsatiridwa lemba la msonkhanowu, kupanga ena, monga ngati wotchuka Norton Commander. Pa nthawi imeneyi CP866 ntchito mapulogalamu kwa Mawindo, amene umagwira ntchito view Wodzaza lemba kapena mabokosi malemba, kuphatikizapo Manager mtunda.

Computer malemba olembedwa CP866 kabisidwe, posachedwapa n'zochepa kwambiri, koma ntchito filenames Russian mu "Vindous".

"Unicode"

Pa nthawi, zotchuka kwambiri ndi kabisidwe izi. Zizindikiro "Unicode" kumunda. Woyamba (kuchokera 0000 kuti U + U + 007F) zikuphatikizapo ya zilembo ASCII ndi zizindikiro. Otsatidwa ndi zilembo munda wa mabuku osiyana mitundu, komanso zopumira ndi zizindikiro luso. Komanso, mbali ya malamulo "Unicode" akudikira pa nkhani ya kufunika monga zilembo latsopano m'tsogolo.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa kuti ASCII lililonse khalidwe ankayimiridwa ngati osakaniza ndi ziro 8 ndi anthu. Layman, zimenezi zingaoneke ngati zopanda phindu ndi uninteresting, koma musati mukufuna kudziwa zimene zikuchitika "mu ubongo" kompyuta yanu?