Alternator: chipangizo, mfundo opaleshoni, cholinga cha

Magetsi inawadutsa ndi mtundu waukulu wa mphamvu kuti agwire ntchito zothandiza muzochitika zones za moyo wa munthu. Iye amakhala mu njira zoyenda zosiyanasiyana, kumapereka kuwala, likamatenthetsa nyumba ndi imachirikiza kwambiri lonse zipangizo kuti kupereka moyo wathu omasuka pa dziko. Ndithudi, mtundu uwu wa mphamvu ndi chilengedwe. Kuyambira inu mukhoza kupeza chirichonse chimene inu mukufuna, ndi chiwonongeko ngakhale ngati ntchito molakwika.

Koma panali nthawi pamene zotsatira magetsi imapezekanso mwa chilengedwe, koma si kuthandiza munthu. Kodi anasintha? Anthu anayamba kuphunzira zochitika thupi ndipo akhala ndi makina chidwi - tiransifoma, amene ambiri, ndipo anapanga adzatumpha chosintha patsogolo chitukuko chathu, kulola munthu wina kulandira mphamvu kuchokera kwa wina.

Choncho anthu aphunzira kubala magetsi kuchokera maginito ochiritsira zitsulo ndi kayendedwe makina - ndizo zonse. magudumu zamangidwa, amapulumutsa mphamvu utuluke yaikulu mphamvu, megawatts Calculated. Koma n'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfundo ya ntchito makina amenewa si ovuta, ndipo chikhoza kukhala zomveka ngakhale kuti wachinyamata. Kodi mphamvu jenereta? Tiyeni yesetsani kuthetsa nkhani imeneyi.

Zotsatira za kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu

Chifukwa cha maonekedwe a magetsi mu wochititsa ndi mphamvu electromotive - emf. Iwo akhoza kulimbikitsa particles mlandu, ambiri mwa zitsulo aliyense. Mphamvu imeneyi imapezeka ngati wochititsa akuona kusintha maginito mwamphamvu. Zotsatira yokha amatchedwa mu atomu kupatsidwa ulemu. EMF ndi wamkulu kwambiri, mlingo wa kusintha mafunde maginito kamwazi. Ndiko kuti, n'zotheka pafupi ndi maginito okhazikika kusuntha wochititsa, kapena lokhazikika waya chikoka munda wa electromagnet ndi, bongo mphamvu yake, mmene ali yemweyo - ya magetsi chidzaonekera Windows Explorer.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, asayansi Oersted ndi Faraday ntchito mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIX. Iwo anatsegula chodabwitsa thupi. Kenako, pa maziko a kupatsidwa ulemu mu atomu anakhazikitsako magudumu panopa ndi Motors. N'zochititsa chidwi makina amenewa m'posavuta mu mzake.

Kodi magudumu AC ndi DC

Iwo anazindikira kuti magetsi inawadutsa jenereta - ndi makina electromechanical kuti umabala pano. Koma kwenikweni ndi Converter mphamvu: mphepo, madzi, kutentha, chirichonse mu EMF, lomwe kale umabala ziliri pa wochititsa lapansi. The zida za jenereta chilichonse thunthu palibe wosiyana ndi kuzungulira chatsekedwa conductive, yomwe imazungulira pakati pa mitengo yonyamulira ya maginito, monga zatsopano woyamba asayansi. Only wokulirapo kuchuluka kwa kamwazi maginito kwaiye wamphamvu okhazikika maginito magetsi kapena zambiri. Chatsekedwa kuzungulira amaoneka ngati Mipikisano nayenso koyilo, imene jenereta lero si munthu koma osachepera atatu. Zonse zimenezi pofuna kupeza ngati mmene EMF zotheka.

Standard alternator magetsi (kapena DC) limapangidwa:

• Nyumba. Iwo amachita ntchito ya chimango mwa zomwe stator amamangiriridwa ku mitengo yonyamulira ya electromagnet ndi. Izo zili ndi mayendedwe odana ndi mikangano ya ozungulira kutsinde. Zikhale za chitsulo, komanso amateteza lonse lamkati stuffing makina.
• Stator maginito mizati. Ndi munda amodzi kumulowetsa maginito kamwazi. Zikhale za ferromagnetic zitsulo.
• Ozungulira kapena armature. Gawo ili makina a jenereta ndi, kutsinde amene rotationally amayendetsa mphamvu extraneous. Pa maziko a armature ali ndi kudzikonda malemeredwe kumulowetsa, ndi momwe zamagetsi aumbike.
• Kusintha mfundo. Izi membala structural Amagwila nchito kwa kumam'phunzitsa magetsi kuchokera kusunthira ozungulira kutsinde. Pamafunikanso mphete conductive amene movably chikugwirizana ndi graphite ojambula panopa yosonkhanitsa.

Kupanga DC

Jenereta umabala mwachindunji panopa conductive dera chinapangidwira zimayenda mu machulukitsidwe maginito. Komanso, kwa makokedwe zina uliwonse kuzungulira theka ali pafupi ndi -pole makamaka. Mlandu mu wochititsa kwa theka nayenso ikuyenda mbali imodzi.

Kuti kuchotsa particles, zopangidwa mphamvu kuchotsa limagwirira. Maonekedwe ake ndi kuti aliyense theka la kumulowetsa (chimango) chikugwirizana ndi semicircle ndi conductive. Semirings mwa iwo wokha osati otsekedwa ndi wotetezedwa nkhani dielectric. Pa nthawi imene, pamene gawo limodzi la kumulowetsa akuyamba anadutsa makamaka mzati theka mphete atseka ya magetsi dera magulu burashi kukhudzana. Likukhalira, aliyense osachiritsika akubwera mtundu umodzi wokha angathe.

Kukhoza kuitana mphamvu si nthawi zonse, ndi kugunda, ndi polarity chomwecho. Pulsation chifukwa chakuti kamwazi maginito pa wochititsa pa kasinthasintha chimapereka pazipita ndi osachepera kwenikweni. Agwirizane ndi pulsation, ntchito windings angapo pa ozungulira ndi capacitors kwambiri dera athandizira. Kuchepetsa maginito kamwazi zomvetsa kusiyana pakati pa armature ndi stator kupanga kochepa.

chiwembu alternator

Pamene gawo makina zimachitika kupoletsa chipangizo kasinthasintha panopa mu ochititsa chimango komanso anachititsa electromotive mphamvu monga DC jenereta. Koma mbali yaing'ono - chipangizo alternator wokhometsa mfundo zinanso. Mu izo, aliyense ndi linanena bungwe lake chikugwirizana ndi mphete conductive.

The opaleshoni mfundo za AC jenereta ili: pamene theka la mipita akutsirizika pafupi mtengo umodzi (wina ankalemekeza pafupi zosiyana mzati), dera likupita panopa mbali imodzi ku chotsikitsitsa ake pa mtengo wapamwamba ndi ku ziro. Kamodzi kumulowetsa kusintha malo ake awo mtengo, panopa ayamba kuyenda ake zosiyana ndi zonse chomwecho.

Pamene dera lino analandira pa waveform athandizira monga funde sine ndi pafupipafupi theka mafunde lolingana nthawi kasinthasintha wa ozungulira kutsinde. Kuti mupeze khola linanena bungwe mbendera, mmene alternator pafupipafupi ndi zonse, mbali makina a nthawi rotational akhale zonse.

Maginito magudumu mtundu gasi

Zomangamanga magudumu panopa, kumene m'malo mwa chimango ndi zitsulo ntchito monga woyang'anira chonyamulira conductive plasma, madzi kapena mpweya limatchedwa magudumu MHD. pressurized mankhwala anathamangitsa mphamvu maginito. Mothandizidwa yemweyo EMF kupatsidwa ulemu mlandu particles apeze mbali zoyenda, kukonza panopa magetsi. Kuchuluka kwa panopa ndi mwachindunji njila kwa mlingo wa kudutsa kamwazi maginito, komanso mphamvu zake.

MHD magudumu ndi zaphindu njira yosavuta - palibe kasinthasintha wa limagwirira ozungulira. amapereka mphamvu Awa amapulumutsa mkulu mphamvu linanena bungwe mu nthawi yochepa. Iwo ntchito monga zipangizo kubwerera ndi zinthu mwadzidzidzi, zochitika mwadzidzidzi. Koyefishienti kudziwa ntchito (wapolisi) za makina ndi apamwamba kuposa ali alternator magetsi.

Jenereta synchronous AC

Pali mitundu ina ya alternators:

• synchronous makina.
• asynchronous makina.

Synchronous AC jenereta ali okhwima ubale weniweni pakati pa gulu rotational wa ozungulira ndi pafupipafupi magetsi kwaiye. M'magulu otere, ndi ozungulira - ndi solenoid anasonkhana kwa pachimake, mzati ndi coils zosangalatsa. Recent zoyendetsedwa ku gwero DC kudzera maburashi ndi kulankhula mphete. The stator ndi koyilo waya chiri cholukanalukana pa mfundo za nyenyezi ndi mfundo wamba - ziro. Iwo anachititsa emf ndipo panopa ndi kwaiye.

The ozungulira kutsinde ndi lotengeka ndi mphamvu zakunja zambiri turbines magulu amene pafupipafupi nthaŵi maloboti. dera magetsi connectable chotero jenereta ndi atatu gawo dera pafupipafupi pano mu mzere umodzi womwe ndi gawo ankatembenukira ndi madigiri 120 wachibale mizere ena. Kupeza bwino sine yoweyula malangizo a maginito kamwazi mu kusiyana pakati pa stator ndi ozungulira gawo kusintha kamangidwe ka masika.

The malemeredwe wa alternator zagwiridwa ndi njira ziwiri:

1. Contact.
2. Contactless.

Mu dera la kukhudzana malemeredwe wa electromagnet ndi kumulowetsa akudyetsedwa mwa mphamvu burashi angapo kuchokera jenereta wina. jenereta izi zikhoza pamodzi kutsinde chachikulu. Iye kawirikawiri amakhala wochepa mphamvu, koma zokwanira kuti akonze amphamvu maginito.

Mfundo moyandikana amapereka kuti alternator kutsinde ali zina zitatu gawo kumulowetsa, imene pa kasinthasintha anachititsa electromotive mphamvu kwaiye ndi magetsi. Ndi kupyolera mwa kuthetsa dera umaperekedwa kwa koyilo ozungulira malemeredwe. Constructively mu dongosolo umenewu ojambula palibe kusuntha, zomwe zimatithandiza dongosolo, kupanga odalirika kwambiri.

asynchronous jenereta

Pali alternator asynchronous. chipangizo isiyana synchronous ake. Palibe EMF yeniyeni malinga pafupipafupi zimene ozungulira kutsinde imazungulira. Pali chinthu chotero monga "Pepala S», amene amadziwika kusiyana makhalidwe. mtengo Pepala anatsimikiza ndi kuwerengetsa, kotero kuti ndi kulakwa kuganiza kuti silikanakhala dongosolo mu ndondomeko ya electromechanical galimoto kupatsidwa ulemu.

Ngati jenereta ikutha kanthu, katundu, panopa osefukira windings adzakhala kupanga kamwazi maginito, amene kumathandiza kasinthasintha wa ozungulira ndi pafupipafupi anakonzeratu. Izi ndipamene Wopanda chomwe mwachibadwa, zimakhudza ulimi wa EMF.

Modern AC kupatsidwa ulemu jenereta chipangizo ali gawo makina mu Kuphedwa atatu osiyana:

1. Dzenje ozungulira.
2. Gologolo-khola ozungulira.
3. Gawo ozungulira.

makina amenewa angakhale ndi kudzikonda palokha ndi chisangalalo. Chiwembu woyamba akuyendera ndi kulolerana wa capacitors kumulowetsa ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi converters. Malemeredwe a mtundu wodziimira amalenga Chinanso wa AC mphamvu.

magudumu a dera la

Onse mkulu-mphamvu mphamvu mizere mphamvu kutulutsa atatu gawo magetsi panopa. Iwo ali windings zitatu, zomwe ndi alternating mafunde ali ankatembenukira ndi mzake ndi 1/3 nthawi gawo. Ngati tikambirana aliyense kumulowetsa wa magetsi, timapeza umodzi-gawo alternating panopa loyenda mu mzere. The mavuto makumi a zikwi volts zingabweretse jenereta. 220 The ogula amalandira yogawa thiransifoma.

Aliyense alternator kumulowetsa chipangizo ali muyezo, koma kugwirizana kwa katundu ndi mitundu iwiri:

• nyenyezi;
• makona.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya AC jenereta m'gulu nyenyezi kumafuna kuchotsa mawaya onse (ziro) kuti, amene kuyambira katundu ku jenereta lapansi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chizindikiro (magetsi inawadutsa) imafalikira makamaka kudzera exiting koyilo waya (mzere) wotchedwa gawo. Zochita ndi yabwino kwambiri, simuyenera kukokera mawaya zitatu zina kulumikiza ogula. The voteji pakati pa mzere ochititsa ndi mzere ndi ndale waya zosiyana.

Yonseyi makona jenereta windings ndi waufupi ndi mnzake mu mndandanda mu dera lina. Kuyambira mfundo chaubale kwa mzere linanena bungwe la ogula. Ndiye safuna ndale waya, ndi voteji pa chilichonse mzere adzakhala yemweyo kaya katundu.

The ntchito limodzi-gawo atatu gawo AC zisanafike ang'onoang'ono ripple pamene flattening. Izi kuli ndi ubwino pa zipangizo okwanira, makamaka DC Motors. Komanso, atatu gawo panopa amapanga onsewo maginito kamwazi okhoza kuyendetsa wamphamvu Motors kupatsidwa ulemu.

Kodi magudumu applicable AC ndi DC

alternators DC kwambiri ang'onoang'ono kukula ndi kulemera kuposa makina AC. Ndi zovuta zambiri kamangidwe lingaliro kuposa otsiriza, iwo akali ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri.

Main yogawa analandira monga abulusa mkulu-liwiro mu makina kumene kulamulira liwiro chofunika Mwachitsanzo, limagwirira zitsulo, ndi pamalo kutsinde, pakubwezeretsa mphero. Mu zoyendera magudumu awa amene anaika mu sitima, makhoti osiyanasiyana. A zambiri zitsanzo za mphepo magudumu ali anasonkhana pa maziko a DC gwero voteji.

magudumu DC ntchito kuwotcherera mwapadera cholinga, chifukwa malemeredwe wa synchronous mtundu magudumu a windings ngati DC amplifiers, kuti akakwaniritse electroplating ndi electrolysis makhazikitsidwe.

Pangano alternator - kupanga magetsi padziko lonse malonda. Mtundu uwu wa mphamvu anapatsa anthu Nikola Tesla. Chifukwa kusintha polarity wa panopa, osati nthawi zonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito? Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kulanda DC voteji ndi zomvetsa zikuluzikulu mawaya. The yaitali waya, ndi apamwamba imfa. AC voteji akhoza kusamutsidwa pa mtunda wautali pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Ndipo inu mosavuta atembenuke ndi alternating voteji (kutsitsa ndi kuukitsidwa kwa iwo), zomwe zachitika jenereta 220 V.

Pomaliza

Man sakumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha nyese umene wafala zonse. Ndipo mphamvu ya magetsi - ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe zinsinsi lotseguka wa chilengedwe chonse. Makina amene timawatcha magudumu mphamvu Ndipotu lophweka, koma kuti iwo angatipatse, monga zosaneneka. Koma chozizwitsa kwenikweni si sayansi, koma maganizo a anthu, okhoza kulowa mu mgodi sizidzatha maganizo anatsanulira mu mlengalenga!