Ali Golden Chipata Bridge, nanga mbiri ya zomangamanga ake?

Nthawi zambiri, alendo amakopeka osati kwa zodabwitsa za chilengedwe, komanso wapadera nyumba mapulani. United States of America, odziwika ndi sikelo mbali ambiri, ambiri zokopa izi otchuka ambiri amene analengedwa mu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Izi nkhawa ndi mlatho zidzasintha ku San Francisco. Kodi chidwi ndi kudziwa za nyumba iyi lodziwika bwino? Location, mbiri ya ntchito yomanga mlatho - mu nkhaniyi.

malo

Kotero kuli Golden Chipata Bridge? Ndi ili mu San Francisco, kulumikiza mzinda ndi Marin County, Northern California. Otchedwa mlatho unkayenera wake eponymous Khwalala. Boma chosaiwalika wotchuka lili kumpoto kwa San Francisco Peninsula, Suli kutali ndi Pacific Ocean. Zikuluzikulu Mlatho ndi ofunika kwambiri zofunikira zoyendera koma anaonekera osati kale.

Nkhani ya

Chifunga San Francisco wakula kwambiri pa liwiro golide, ndi vuto yekha ndi kumpoto nsanamira boma titalephera chitukuko. Ndinapita ndimeyi ndi nthunzi. Kumanga mlatho San Francisco, zinkaoneka kuti n'zosatheka chifukwa cha kuya kwa madzi m'dera ndi mtunda zosaneneka. Komanso, chopinga kwa ogwira ntchito kukhala fogs zonse ndi mafunde amphamvu mu njirayi. Cholinga chake chinali chabe. Koma Dzhozefa Straussa, iye anali chandamale. Iye analenga wapadera kamangidwe ka polojekiti anapereka kuyimitsidwa wake mlatho kwa akuluakulu a mzinda. Kukambirana anakokera kwa zaka khumi, yomanga akatswiri latsopano anakopeka, ndipo io anabwera ndi njira ngakhale changwiro choposa. Dongosolo chonse anayamba Leon Moiseev amene analinso dzanja polenga ya Manhattan Bridge. Yowerengera amatenga Charles Ellis. Pomalizira pake, mzimu wa Art Nouveau nyumba zomangamanga unkayenera Irving Morrow, iye anapereka ndipo chosiyana lalanje-wofiira hue.

The ndondomeko ya kulenga

Malo Golden Chipata Bridge ntchitoyi ankaoneka adani oopsa kwambiri. Oyendetsa ankakhulupirira kuti n'zotheka ngozi adzachititsa kutsekereza gombe, ndi njanji anayamba kuopa kuti pomanga kusokoneza boti ndi malonda mabungwe adamfunsa zinthu wapadera kwa antchito. Ambiri kwambiri kuchichepetsa amisiri mapulani chifukwa Wamkulu Depression. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti ndalama pomanga ubale nkhani. Mu January 1933, ntchito yomanga tsogolo chosaiwalika US. Golden Chipata Bridge anamanga Strauss, wolemba wa ntchito zoyambirira. Iye anabwera ntchito pa ntchito yopezera ndalama anatambasula pamwamba pa madzi. chigamulochi anapulumutsa miyoyo angapo. Mu April 1937, mlatho inatha, ndipo mu May zinachitika mwambo kutsegula, imene anawoloka Khwalala ya anthu mazana zikwi ziwiri. Tsiku lotsatira anayamba gulu la makina, chiyambi amene anapereka wanthambo Pulezidenti Roosevelt.

kapangidwe

Dera kumene Golden Chipata Bridge, mphamvu zawo zenizeni zinthu zachilengedwe. Choncho, kapangidwe yomanga losiyana wapadera. Kutalika kwa Golden Chipata Bridge mamita 2737. M'lifupi ndi 27 m. The chikhato pakati pa nsanja zazitali mamita 1280. Pamwamba kapangidwe madzi waima 67 m. Chidwi si kukula kwa kamangidwe, komanso ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, awiri a mawaya thandizo pafupifupi mita, ndipo anapanga filaments zitsulo TACHIMATA ndi nthaka. Lililonse mamita khumi pansi zingwe zina zitsulo zimene zimalimbitsa kukonza. chingwe kutalika makilomita oposa awiri.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu United States, kumene Golden Chipata Bridge, kamangidwe ichi ndi chimodzi mwa wofuna kwambiri. Kwa zaka makumi atatu pambuyo kumalizidwa kwa nyumba anapitiriza m'manja monga waukulu. Only mu 1964 mbiri anapita mlatho Verrazano ku New York. Koma tsopano, zinthu zokopa za San Francisco amakhala kufunika: kutalika kwa chikhato chachikulu ndi achiwiri kukula mu dziko. Ndi mphamvu ya mlatho limasintha ndipo akusinthika. Asanabwere ake, zingwe ndi zingwe n'kuyamba, ankagwira ntchito pokonzanso chivomezi kukana, kusintha kuwala. Pa mlatho, panali zamwano wapadera ndi zosapanga dzimbiri sefa pansi. Bukuli lakonzedwa kuteteza kudzipha. Sad koma zoona: kukongola zodabwitsa malo amakopeka amene amafuna kudzipha, ndipo m'zaka za m'mbuyo, pali achita ambiri kudzipha anthu.

ena ziwerengero

ukuwonjezeka zambiri kukula ndi San Francisco chaka chilichonse. Choyamba chinali pakati pa liwiro golide, ndipo tsopano - dowoko aluntha, malo ndi zosiyanasiyana makampani kutsogolera zikugwira ntchito m'munda wa makompyuta. Choncho, chiwerengero cha anthu ikukula likunena, ndipo potero kumaonjezera kugwirizana ndi mlatho wokongola. Kwa chaka chitadutsa miliyoni makumi magalimoto osiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa tsiku la ankawoloka Khwalala magalimoto 110,000. The ulendo Marin kuti San Francisco analipira, zomwe zimabweretsa boma phindu la $ 100 miliyoni pa chaka, kupanga chinthu osati kayendedwe, komanso dongosolo la zachuma. Komanso, ndi amazipanga wotchuka alendo kukopa. Iwo kuno, ngakhale amene safuna mbali zina za njirayi. Chaka chilichonse, yang'anani Golden Chipata Bridge akubwera alendo miliyoni khumi. malo Izi chimodzi cha zithunzi kwambiri mu dziko. mizere wake mu maonekedwe ndi mtundu kuuzira anthu mu mbiri yake.