Age zimaonetsa ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale: kuphunzitsa pulayimale

Dzulo mokondwera kuyenda anamanga mapayi matope sandbox ndi makina utakunkhunizidwa pa chingwe, ndipo tsopano pa tebulo kale m'mabuku choncho mabuku ndi chikwama chachikulu likugwera kumbuyo.

Doshkolonok inasanduka sukulu achinyamata. Kodi makhalidwe zaka ana a zaka kusukulu ya pulayimale, momwe kuphunzitsa mwana wasukulu ndi retardation maganizo (retardation maganizo) , ndiponso zimene muyenera kulipira mwapadera mwana pophunzitsa akumva - izi zonse ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Tidzayensa kukhala mutu mwatsatanetsatane mmene ndingathere, kotero kuti salinso ndi mavuto.

Age peculiarities wa ana a zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale

Ana a zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale - ana kwa zaka 6 mpaka 11, otchedwa kusukulu ya pulayimale, kuyambira koyamba kwa kalasi chachinayi. Makolo ambiri amafunsa kuti, "Pa zaka zimene mwana ayenera kuperekedwa ku sukulu?" Pa yankho limodzi kulibe. pansi limodzi ndi zaka 6 ndi mosavuta kutumikira 40 mphindi phunziro, onse kumvetsetsa ndi kukumbukira, ndi wina, ndi zaka 8 sangakhoze kuchita, ndi pakati pa phunziro loyambali adzautaya tcheru chonse. Choncho, musanayambe kusankha za chiyambi cha mwana watsopano, wamkulu, moyo sukulu, ayenera kulandira mankhwala ndi psycho-pedagogical ntchito (MFWD). Aliyense sukulu ya mkaka komiti imeneyi amapitirira kutuluka kwa mwanayo ku gulu kukonzekera. Koma ngati makolo akukayikira pang'ono chabe moyenera kupezeka mwana sukulu ali ndi zaka 6-7, m'pofunika kutanthauza zamaganizo matenda ndi matenda okhudza ubongo. Ngati akatswiri awa pano mu chipatala, amene anaphatikiza mwana, muyenera kupita ku chipatala cha amisala mzinda.

The zaka yoyenera kalasi yoyamba

Pamsinkhu uwu chaka chitukuko ndi "kusasitsa" ya ubongo wa mwana - nthawi yayitali. Lero, ana kwambiri amphamvu ndisawoloke pakhomo la sukulu pamaso zaka 7, ndipo ena, kalikiliki, ndi bwino kusiya m'munda ndipo 8. Tiyeni mwana mudzamvere mogwirizana m'kalasi, koma anatulutsa sukulu kulira, kotero sindikumvetsa chilichonse kodi pali kufotokoza mphunzitsi. Fulumira ndi kubera kalasi loyamba, mukhoza kalekale ulesi chilakolako mwana kuphunzira. Musamwenso kwa mwana wake, chifukwa cha chidziwitso dziko yosangalatsa ndi kusangalatsa anthu, kutsegula chitseko kwa iye nthawi, musawafulumizitse, ndi kukonza mwana ndipo nokha kwa ntchito, monga mu nazale nyimbo, "Adadi wasankha Vasya rents."

Kotero, maonekedwe ndi zaka ana a zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale anatanthauza ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha m'dera limeneli. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi chiyambi cha moyo watsopano mwa katswiri wina wamng'ono anayamba kumanganso njira zake zonse amazindikira, mwanayo amapeza makhalidwe amene chibadidwe wamkulu, chifukwa ngati wophunzira monga ntchito yatsopano iye. The mwana ananamizira ubale lotha, ndi onse njira chidziwitso kukhala khola ndi waphindu.

Kodi mukufuna maphunziro owonjezera sukulu

Pakuti ambiri ana kuyendera "sukulu preschooler" kwambiri analimbikitsa. Koma zotsatira zake zabwino kokha zinthuzo umene udzachitike pa sukulu imene mwana kuphunzira m'tsogolo. Ndipo mphunzitsi, amene anadzakhala mphunzitsi wake kalasi. Mphunzitsi Pre-yodziwa ana, amakonzekera ophunzira tsogolo ndi pulogalamu maphunziro, umene ndi lonse pulayimale, mawu, amakonzekera ana "pansi pa iye." Ana nawonso, kukhala bwino ndi munthu watsopano (mphunzitsi wake m'tsogolo kalasi), malo ndi malamulo.

Tiyeni tipite ku kalasi loyamba pamene "sukulu sukulu," mwana kale akuona chikhulupiriro. Iye amadziwa kumene udindo wake, mmene angakwanitsire chimbudzi, ali zovala ndi chodyera m'dera. m'kulimbika owonjezera nkofunika kwambiri kwa wophunzira wamng'ono. Childs, makalasi ikuchitikira kawiri pa mlungu madzulo. Homuweki siyikuperekedwa, ndi makalasi ameneŵa ufulu.

Kodi makolo angathandize sanayambebe kupita kusukulu

Pofuna ntchito nkhokwe alipo mwana, makolo ayenera kuyesetsa mwamsanga azolowere ndi kutsogolera makhalidwe wophunzira zaka ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale kuti athandize wophunzira. Gwiritsani chidwi ndi ludzu kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano zabwino.

Akulu ayenera kumasulira masewera onse Wophunzira doshkolonka malangizo: kuphunzitsa mindfulness kukhala khama ndi kudziletsa. Tiyeni kudzakhala tebulo masewera, iwo basi kukhala makhalidwe onse awa.

kwa mnyamatayu mode

mode okhwima ndi pulayimale kusukulu wophunzira lofunika. Tengani pepala kujambula, utoto, zolembera, ndi pamodzi ndi mwana kulimbitsa mpanda nyuzipepala. Icho "Tsiku wanga" ndipo adzakhala kufotokoza minutely onse wophunzira m'kati mwa mlungu - kuchokera kukweza kwa linagawidwa. Musaiwale kulemba ndi nthawi kusewera ndi kupumula.

Yembekezerani ankalemba pepala mu malo otchuka pafupi ntchito desiki mwanayo. Suli kutali ndi izo ziyenera kukhala maola imene wophunzirayo onani malonda awo.

Pali makhalidwe ena a ana a zaka kusukulu ya pulayimale, amene sapereka zosavuta ndi losavuta kumvera ulamuliro zinafotokozedwa khoma nyuzipepala "tsiku Langa."

Mwana kukhala capricious pa kukweza. Ndiye chabe kuuchotsa Mphindi 10 kale. Msiyeni iye adzagona chigonere, anakoka. Mukhoza kugona naye pansi kukambirana za kuyambira tsiku. Omvera mwana akhoza kuchita zapakhomo: Makolo ayenera kudzilimbitsa koma akuluakulu kamvekedwe kukambirana ndi ana anu za kutsatira chotkom, sayenera azipereka kuopseza kapena akuyendeni pansi kapena ziphuphu. Akulu ayenera kukhala olimba mtima komanso kulankhula ndi ophunzira nthawi zonse ali pa funde positive.

Maphunziro oyamba-graders, kapena ndani mkulu kusukulu

Makolo ayenera kumvetsa kuti iwo ndi nyumba zikuluzikulu ndi kusukulu - mphunzitsi.

Makamaka ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale kwagona kuti maganizo wamkulu ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa iwo. Ndipo ngati mphunzitsi akunena chinthu chimodzi, koma makolo kunyumba - sizitero, izo ndi zoyipa kwambiri pa chiphunzitso chake. Iye sakunena kumvetsa amene chabwino ndi amene kumvetsera.

Ngati makolo simukugwirizana ndi zofunikira za mphunzitsi, ndiye Mulimonsemo sikutheka kukambirana pamaso pa mwana. Kambiranani ndi utsogoleri wa sukulu, kupeza kukondera ndi mphunzitsi kalasi, koma ndikungodalira mphunzitsi wodziwa, ndi zambiri maganizo abwino. Musanayambe kupereka mwana ku sukulu, nkhani makolo a ophunzira kale anaphunzitsidwa mbuye.

Features loyamba graders

Age peculiarities wa ana a zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale mwachidule m'munsimu chingatithandize oyendetsa makolo:

- mwana wanu ndi wofunika kuona okalamba, kotero zofunika mphunzitsi ndi makolo ayenera kukhala yemweyo.

- graders, monga thonje, zimatenga zonse zimene momuzungulira, kotero kusamala mawu ake. Tinadutsa pa IQ ya wogulitsa m'sitolo? Mawa mawu omwewo ayankha anzake mu kalasi.

- The mwana wayamba latsopano, wamkulu, moyo sukulu, komwe chirichonse kusintha pa liwiro mphezi, kotero amangokhalira kulankhula ndi ophunzira, chifukwa ngati inu kuyamba kutenga mawonekedwe vuto lililonse, ndiye n'kosavuta kuthetsa mu malo oyamba.

- Muuzeni kusankha owonjezera curricular zochita zawo, musati galimoto mu luso sukulu player mpira, izo Sindizakubweretsanso zotsatira zabwino.

- mapulogalamu ndi chitsanzo kuti kuphunzira kukhala kosangalatsa pamodzi, kuwerenga mabuku, penyani sayansi ndi maphunziro mapulogalamu, zakale ulendo ndi zisudzo.

Taganizirani makhalidwe a ana a zaka sukulu. Tebulo chingatithandize kusonyeza tsiku sukulu pang'ono.

utakhala	kugona usiku	naps	maphunziro kusukulu	kukhazikitsa imelo / o	kuyenda
nthawi	maola 9	1 ora	4:00	mphindi 30	1:00

Makamaka ana ndi retardation maganizo

Makamaka ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale ndi CRA anapeza kuti ntchito monga chikumbukiro, kuzindikira, kuganiza, kulankhula, m'maganizo, chidwi, etc., Kapena pang'ono kapena psiti. The mwana sangaone pa nkhaniyi phunziro, kapena kumuphunzitsa chabe uninteresting, ngakhale chidwi, iye yekha chifukwa iye sangakhoze, ndipo saona mfundo mu kulemba kufanana timitengo, chifukwa ziribe kanthu momwe iye anayesa kulemba iwo, iwo onse akadali yemweyo monga chitsanzo.

Tiyeni tione zimene akulu angachite kuti wophunzira retardation maganizo. Makamaka ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale, monga mwachidule pansipa, lithandize makolo kujambula chidwi cha mwana:

- The sukulu zovuta kuganizira zimene anauzidwa, kotero, kufotokoza chinachake, mayi akhoza amapanga yowala atadzipaka mmilomo ofiira ndi kunena, articulating kulankhula. Mwamsanga pamene mwanayo amatengeka, nkuti, kuyang'ana pa kamwa yanga. Monga adzakhala kwambiri diso kugwira pa nkhope, ndiye wophunzira n'kosavuta kuona ndi kumva.

- Pa yemweyo mfundo ntchito ndi misomali yowala pamene chinachake ikusonyezedwa. Amapatutsidwa patsamba limasonyeza m'dera malemba, khololo kukopa tcheru (uyu akhoza zimachitika, ndi Cholozera owala).

- Ayenera kulankhula mokweza, pang'onopang'ono komanso momveka bwino.

- Sinthani cholinga ayenera kukhala wamkulu: Tiuzeni mawu, ndipo malizitsani kujambula pa pepala, kenako n'kuchi- kunja powonekera, ndipo kenako kachiwiri kufotokoza onse kachiwiri. Nthawi zina m'pofunika kuti 3-4 wozungulira mfundo.

- Ngati mwana nthawi Pofotokoza agwedeza mwendo wake (.. Gnaws pensulo, pom'ng'amba pepala n'kupanga, etc.), lekani, monga kuti zimathandiza kuona kuti limafotokoza kwambiri kuti ndi peculiarity awo.

Ana ndi retardation maganizo palibe zithunzi kuwonongeka, minofu ndi mafupa, kumva. Kawirikawiri palibe choopsa lokhudza kulankhula ndi nzeru. Age mbali m'sukulu za pulayimale ana ndi CRA kutha wotsikirapo ntchito komanso kusowa chilimbikitso, chinachake ntchito ndi kukhala munthu wamkulu.

Zochita za ana ndi kumva kuwonongeka

Kumva ntchito chakhungu zikuphatikizapo kuvutika sekondale, makamaka anachedwa kulankhula lobwera, womwe amachepetsa chiwerengero cha mfundo analandira. Komanso pali kusintha kugwirizana ndi vuto lathu mu mlengalenga. Makamaka ana a m'sukulu za pulayimale ndi kumva impairments zikugwirizananso makhalidwe thupi la mwanayo. Pathological kumva imfa kusintha dongosolo vestibular, kotero mu kuphunzitsa ana amachita zofunika kwambiri ndi zina zolimbitsa thupi.

Age mbali m'sukulu za pulayimale ana zaka 7-9 ndi kumva kuwonongeka ali pang'onopang'ono ndipo m'goli chitukuko cholinga ntchito. ana awa zambiri osati kupirira ntchito imene m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani iliyonse zina, iwo amagwira nawo mwachindunji, popanda thandizo la zipangizo. Athandizeni kumvetsa kwenikweni kuwasonyeza chitsanzo.

ana wogontha ndi ntchito yovuta amafuna kusanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe. Zimawavuta kuzindikira maganizo awo, ndipo ngakhale kovuta kuti iwo pofotokoza iwo. Izi zikutanthauza mavuto monga nkhawa, kusunga mokwiya.

Popeza anaphunzitsa mwakhama kumva asamakhale ndi nkhawa mwanayo, inu angamuthandize mu ubale lotha ndipo anatengera chikhalidwe.

Podlas. Sukulu Pulayimale Pedagogy

Monga aphunzitsi m'sukulu za pulayimale ndi makolo oyamba-graders adzakhala ndi chidwi pa ntchito za Ivan Pavlovich Podlasova zimene iye akulankhula za maphunziro, mapangidwe ndi maphunziro a ana.

Age peculiarities wa ana a zaka m'sukulu za pulayimale Podlas amaona socialization ndipo anatengera kwa latsopano ana, akulu, moyo sukulu. Izi zimafunika ubale wa aphunzitsi ndi makolo, kufunitsitsa kwawo kukambirana zimene wake wa ana, kupanga munthu lonse, amatha kudziletsa chidziwitso ndi kudzikonda kusintha.

chitukuko mwana zimatengera onse pa mkati (katundu wa chamoyo), ndipo kunja (chilengedwe anthu) zinthu. Kujambula yabwino chilengedwe kunja, zingathandize kuthetsa Kusakhazikika mkati. M'pofunikanso kuganizira makhalidwe zaka ana a zaka sukulu.

Table mwachidule akulongosola chiphunzitso pulaimale School pedagogic Podlasova:

pedagogy	Education sayansi, maphunziro ndi maphunziro
pedagogy Nkhani	Development ndi mapangidwe lonse umunthu wophunzira
ntchito pedagogic	Mapangidwe ntchito ndi zolinga za maphunziro
ntchito pedagogic	Generalization ndi systematization zokhudza maphunziro ndi maphunziro
mfundo zofunika	Education - kulanda zinachitikira kwa achinyamata, mapangidwe makhalidwe abwino Education - mogwirizana kwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi umalimbana ndi ana osauka Education - dongosolo la modes wa kudziwa maganizo ake, ndi luso, amene anatenga wophunzirayo mu kuphunzira Development - kusintha njira Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe wophunzira Mapangidwe - ndondomeko ya zamoyo wa mwana kuyang'aniridwa ndi mphunzitsi
pedagogy panopa	Mchitidwe ndi authoritarian
njira zofufuzira	Wazotsatira ndi ongolankhula

Dziwani chinthu chachikulu - kukonda ana anu, amawayamikira aliyense Nkhata, kuthandiza kuthetsa mavuto, ndiyeno kuwasandutsa wokongola mwana ophunzira, ophunzira ndi osangalala wamkulu.