Rickets: kapewedwe ana. Kupewa rickets makanda

Anthu ambiri amadziwa mawu matenda osati kokha, komanso ndi wachifundo chowawa, thupi, ndipo mophiphiritsa, ndi kufooka maganizo. Inde, ndi rickets. matenda ali kudwala ana a akuwonekera pa msinkhu oyambirira kuphwanya mapangidwe fupa. Chifukwa ndi chosowa vitamini D m'thupi, amene zoipa zofunika pa kukula kwambiri kwa mwana pa nthawi ya mapangidwe chichereŵechereŵe ndi fupa la mafupa a. Komanso, kusowa kwa mankhwala amakhudza dera ozindikira ndipo kukula. M'pofunika zindikirani ngakhale kusintha pang'ono khalidwe la ana, ngati isanayambike matenda angayambe kubisika.

nkhani

Kwa nthawi yoyamba matenda wakhala anafotokoza mu England pakati pa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, koma mabuku theka-Medical pali wachiwiri atatu m'ma AD. Unapereka ziphunzitso zingapo zosayembekezereka wa matenda ndi njira kulikonza ilo. adakalibe anapezeka - m'nyanja zikuluzikulu mafuta, koma malongosoledwe a nchito zake aona patapita nthawi yaitali. Zikomo ku mayesero wochitidwa ndi McCollum, dziko anaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa chinthu monga vitamini D. Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, dokotala German njira ina kupewa rickets ntchito nyale ultraviolet. Iye kulipidwa chifukwa chosowa dzuwa ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha matenda.

zimayambitsa

Pali zinanso zifukwa zingapo zimene zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha rickets. Iwo angayambe pamodzi ndi payokha.

1. Osakwanira kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, kuphatikizapo chifukwa nyengo ndi nyengo.
2. Pachithunzichi kudyetsa mwana, ndipo chotero, osauka mayamwidwe kashiamu ndi phosphorous, komanso okhutira kwambiri kunyama chakudya nyama.
3. Nato asanakwane makanda.
4. Chibadwa anatsimikiza matenda mapangidwe ndipo thupi vitamini D.
5. Mitundu kutengera za.

Ife tiribe malo ankakonda matenda pa mapu a dziko lapansi, ndi ikupezeka kulikonse. Nthawi zambiri kusonyeza izo zikuchitika mu nyengo yozizira, pamene chifukwa cha zinthu zachilengedwe kukula kusowa kwa dzuwa. Makamaka anakhudzidwa ana mu yophukira mochedwa yozizira.

Komanso, amayi amakono sindikufuna kuyamwitsa mwana mwachibadwa ankaona kugwirizanitsa kapena mkaka wa ng'ombe. Izi amasokoneza mwanayo m'mimba kulamulira bwino. Komanso mmalo yokumba zimakhala osakwanira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika kukula zogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha mwana. Ana akudwala kunenepa, matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, matumbo colic, ndipo, ndithudi, rickets.

The pathophysiology matendawa

Amadziwika kuti gawo mu kuloŵerera kashiamu ndi fupa ndondomeko mapangidwe yokha sakondwera vitamini D, ndipo metabolites ake kwaiye mu chiwindi ndi impso. Akabereka, ambiri enzymatic ndi kagayidwe kachakudya machitidwe sizinathe anafika mokwanira anayamba kutenga katundu okwanira ndi zamoyo ting'onoting'ono kukula ndi kukhala bwino.

Zimapezeka melanocytes khungu, vitamini D limalowera mu magazi natengedwa kwa chiwindi, kumene ndondomeko ya hydroxylation akudutsa. Mankhwala kutembenuka kulembedwa mu impso, ndiyeno, mu mawonekedwe a 24,25-dihydroxy-vitamini D, kumatanthauza kagayidwe mchere ndi mapangidwe chigoba. Ntchito yonse umamumvera destabilization pa siteji iliyonse. Choncho, pathogenesis wa rickets ndi maganizo kwambiri ndi asanamvetsetse akatswiri ngakhale yopapatiza.

mawonetseredwe

Monga ulamuliro, woyamba Alamu mabelu kale anaonekera mu m'badwo masabata asanu ndi mwana, koma ali ndi sanali yeniyeni kuti makolo samapereka tcheru kwa izo, kapena oloza iwo matenda ena. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kusintha kwakukulu akalipo okha akale miyezi inayi kapena isanu.

Mu malo oyamba mwanayo amayamba kudziwonetsa zizindikiro ubongo monga kugona chisokonezo, nkhawa, irritability. Ndiye, yafupika chidwi chakudya, mwambo mpando yomweyo. Usiku mwanayo kwambiri thukuta, thukuta kununkha, zochepa chabe mutu wake, ndipo chifukwa cha mikangano zonse PAD pamaoneka alopecia khosi. mawonetseredwe owoneka a mafupa kumeneko, iwo amaoneka patapita nthawi yaitali. Gawo loyamba kumatenga mwezi wathunthu.

Ngati palibe njira zodzitetezera anatengedwa sanali, matenda m'kati kwa nyengo yotsatira - kutalika. Iwo amakhala ndi maganizo a chifuwa, kupindika kwa mafupa a malekezero m'munsi, Kubwera kwa "mikanda" ndi "chibangili" m'malo kupanga kwambiri minofu fupa, monga kuyankha compensatory kwa kupatulira wa mafupa a. Ndi zonse izi monga mwana lags kumbuyo chitukuko maganizo ndi thupi.

Chithandizo kopita pa nthawi amathandiza kusintha kwambiri za kusintha, koma mafupa mapindikidwe adzakhala ndi moyo. Kwambiri zotsatira zimakhudza akazi, popeza pali mapindikidwe cha mafupa a chiuno ndi kubadwa vaginally kadzakulakani.

diagnostics

ndondomeko ofunda kwa matenda ndi kuteteza rickets ndi zovuta ndi yosokoneza kwa dokotala ambiri chipatala. Poyamba, odalirika chitsimikiziro cha matenda ankaona Sulkovicha chitsanzo, kuti detects imfa kashiamu mu mkodzo, koma tsopano anazindikira si yeniyeni ndipo anakana kugwiritsa ntchito kuchita chizolowezi.

Panopa ankaona zolondola kwambiri magazi kuti electrolytes: calcium, phosphorous, magnesium. Komanso, kulabadira magawo amenewa amuzolengedwa monga mlingo wa phosphatase zamchere ndi seramu creatinine. Mayesero apadera kwambiri kutumikiridwa kudziwa mlingo wa vitamini D metabolites timadzi a mabele ndi zopangitsa parathyroid.

Kuyambira njira malangizo matenda ikuchitika radiography ndi atavalanso zoteteza mafupa a forearm, kuti tione mbali ya kukula ndi mafupa. Mu rickets, iwo opunduka, ossification zone anasintha bwereza.

mmene matenda

Ana, pali kusiyana atatu a matenda:

1. Wofatsa Inde. The mwana alipo wina kapena zizindikiro ziwiri ku fupa, pali akulu hypotonia, ulesi, koma kukula m'nzeru limafanana ndi zaka.
2. Wongolerani Inde. Pali kusintha kwenikweni mu mafupa mawu amene kuwonongeka kwa wamanjenje dongosolo, mavuto ndi ziwalo. Zinayamba kuwonekera kuvutika zamatsenga ndi backlog mu kukula m'nzeru.
3. Kwambiri. Lekeza akhakula deformations fupa kuti musakhale amayambiranso pambuyo kuchira. The mwana ali akusowa nzeru, chitukuko si kukumana m'badwo, kumaphwanya machitidwe ena a ziwalo poyankha kulephera kwa dongosolo kagayidwe kachakudya.

Kuteteza pa mimba

Aliyense mayi woyembekezera amavomereza kuti zosasangalatsa kumva m'dera dokotala anapezeka - rickets. Kupewa izi chikhalidwe mukhoza kuyamba mwamsanga ndondomeko adanyamula mwana. Zachilendo ngati zikuoneka, koma amayi apakati amakhala osamala za nkhani imeneyi. Amamwa handfuls wa kupatsidwa folic acid ndi maofesi multivitamin, koma analekerera pulayimale kuyenda. Koma uwu uli si yeniyeni kupewa rickets.

zodzitetezera ndi wathanzi tulo usiku ndi kupuma yopuma masana. Komanso, obstetricians analimbikitsa kuyenda maola osachepera awiri kapena anayi panja, kaya nyengo. Nkofunika kudya bwino ndi wabwino:

• tsiku lililonse kudya nyama kapena nsomba;
• pali okwanira kanyumba tchizi, tchizi, mkaka ndi zina mkaka;
• monga mu zakudya za mikate yoyera ndi masamba.

Specific kupewa rickets mu akazi pangozi (eclampsia, shuga, matenda oopsa, aakulu aimpso kulephera) umachitika molumikizana ndi m'thupi yemwenso ndi. Mu trimester chachitatu cha makumi awiri ndi citatu sate-chachiwiri sabata, kutumikiridwa vitamini D chikwi mayunitsi lonse tsiku lililonse kwa masabata atatu. Time, mu nkhani iyi, si kofunika. Nthawi zina mankhwala maphunziro cheza ultraviolet, chimalimbikitsa yopanga amkati wa cholecalciferol. Yambani ndi yaing'ono, kwinakwake kotala analekerera mlingo, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka kwa Mlingo awiri. Magawo ikuchitikira tsiku lililonse kapena tsiku lina.

akhanda

Kupewa rickets makanda imagwiridwa pamene mayi ali kusweka ndi gulu chiopsezo kapena kutsatira malangizo a malangizo a akazi pa ulamuliro wake ndi zakudya pa mimba. Mu chipatala mwana kutumikiridwa monga bolus magawo zikwi zinayi cholecalciferol tsiku mkati. Ndipo iwo kupitiriza kuchitiridwa motalika mpaka zizindikiro zonse za matenda zikawoneka. Ndiye kukachita yokonza mlingo wa mayunitsi mazana anai mayiko patsiku.

Kupewa rickets makanda ndi malabsorption vitamini D mu intestine ndi yosiyaniranapo. Pankhaniyi, mlingo tsiku kungakhale kwa mayunitsi zikwi khumi.

msanga

Ndi zonse zomwe amene ali mwana wobadwa asanakalambe, rickets nkulowa china. Zoyambitsa, zizindikiro, kupewa matenda lili zina zapadera. Popeza kuti dongosolo matupi anapanga insufficiently, madokotala kutumikiridwa iye kashiamu gluconate (mamiligalamu sikisite kashiamu koyera patsiku pa kilogalamu). Moyenera phosphorous ake anawonjezera mamiligalamu makumi atatu a mankwala potaziyamu patsiku pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi.

Onetsetsani kuti aziona zimatiyika magazi kashiamu ndi phosphorous kuteteza limati yovuta.

grudnichki

Kupewa rickets makanda ndi chisamaliro chabwino kwa iwo. Choyamba zonse zikukhudza wakwera. Nkofunika kuti mwana anayenda kwa maola oposa anayi tsiku ndi kugona mu malo bwino mpweya wokwanira. Ngati nkotheka, makolo ayenera anachoka pa msewu mmene ndingathere mwana wamaliseche, kotero kuti khungu kwambiri poyera kuti UV kanthu. Madzulo, mukhoza kusamba mwana wanu saline kapena softwood kusamba. Zimenezi amachepetsa excitability ndi kukonzekeretsa izo usiku, komanso kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Abwino chakudya mwana mkaka, monga lili ndi zofunika yaying'ono ndi zazikulu mbali zonse, komanso ponseponse tsiku la mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya. Koma ngati izi sizingatheke, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti asamukire mitunduyi ndinazolowera, amene ali pafupi ndi zotheka mlingo chilengedwe cha phosphorous ndi calcium. Kupewa rickets makanda zikudalira pa chikumbumtima ndipo zilakolako za makolo.

Age: mpaka chaka

Kuteteza wa rickets ana pansi chaka chimodzi ndi mu wowonjezera kudya moyenera, amene ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira ndiponso mavitamini B, A, C, komanso masamba ndi nyama mafuta. Ubwino mkaka ngakhale ofunika kuzikamba. Ndi zoonekeratu.

Kupewa rickets makanda ndi, kuphatikizapo kukhala mafizo mankhwala thupi. Ndi ofunikira ogwirizana a dongosolo neuromuscular, pali chiopsezo fupa mapindikidwe tizivutika mwana, akatumba amphamvu kuthandiza wogawana kugawira kulemera ndi kupewa aakulu kupotozedwa mafupa a. Zonse maphunziro, kuwonjezereka pang'onopang'ono katundu ndi njira zina proactive kuthandiza kuteteza rickets.

Contraindications kupewa

Mofanana ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse, mu vitamini D, pali kuchotserapo ku phwando. kupewa zosonyeza rickets ana si wonyamulidwa, ngati iwo ali ndi matenda amawapeza Williams, Bourne, kapena idiopathic kaltsituriya. Pankhaniyi, imfa ya kashiamu ndi kumphatikiza ndi akusowa vitamini D. The chachiwiri yekha matenda - hypophosphatasia. Komanso, pamaso pa zotupa organic a dongosolo chapakati mantha, microcephaly ndi craniostenosis komanso osavomerezeka kuteteza rickets makanda. Komorowski likusonyeza nkhani imeneyi pophunzitsa wake mwatsatanetsatane.

A mwana chaka wamkulu kuposa wina

Musaganize kuti mwana wanuyo akugona okulirapo pang'ono, kusamala angathe kukhala matenda kagayidwe kachakudya chokani. Kupewa rickets ana pambuyo chaka zathu zakudya ndi mkaka ndi antioxidants (mafuta nsomba, zitsamba, zipatso, nsomba). Ngati pali kuyan'anila za mantha dongosolo autonomic, monga thukuta kwambiri, ndiye anasankha "Carnitine", "Wisteria", "Panangin" kapena Asparkam "m'njira mlingo kwa mwezi umodzi kulandira.

Pakuti kuwukonza kukula, ngati n'kofunikira, Ndi bwino kutenga mankhwala "Akti-5." Lili kuipidwa wa mavitamini ndi bwino chosakanikirana ndi thupi la mwana. Komanso, madokotala amalangiza kutikita ndi mankhwala thupi kuthandiza kupirira deformities chigoba ndi n'chongoletsa zizindikiro.

chithandizo

Musataye mtima ngati dotolo ali anapezeka "rickets" ana. Zizindikiro, kupewa ndi kuchiza kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala kudziwika ndi ntchito bwinobwino padziko lonse. Amene anayambitsa mankhwala monga "Akvadetrim" muli vitamini _D3. Ndi bwino analekerera ana, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda chiopsezo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Popanda iyeyo, pa msika lero ndi makampani mankhwala "Devisol", "Vigantol", "Videin-2" ndi mafuta njira ya vitamini D. zonsezi contraindications, choncho onetsetsani asanadye dokotala anu.

ambiri osokoneza

Chithandizo, kupewa rickets n'kosayenera, kenako pali ambiri osokoneza vitamini D. The mwana anayamba zizindikiro za poyizoni, monga nseru, kusanza, kuphwanya chopondapo ndi mkodzo posungira. Mu nkhani ya kudziwika zizindikiro zotichenjeza muyenera yomweyo awadziwitse chisamaliro chanu dokotala pulayimale ndi kukhala atayezetsa pa zili kashiamu mu madzi a. Inu mukhoza kuwonjezera kwa kufufuza ndi Sulkovicha chitsanzo, ngakhale sali m'gulu protocol muyezo.

Pambuyo akudzizindikiritsa ndi ambiri osokoneza mankhwala kugubuduza kwa kanthawi makolo kuchepetsa koyenda ndipo zakudya. Sikuti kuyang'ana ndi kuchitira an'kanthunthumira rickets awo mwana. Kuteteza kungathandize nthabwala wankhanza ndi makolo kwambiri mosamala.

Kupenda matenda

Ana ndi matenda "rickets" m'pofunika kuvala nkhani matenda pambuyo akubwera matenda ndi zasayansi kuchira. Chifukwa zovuta ndiponso azikhala zotsatira za kuyang'aniridwa ndi ana amene ukuchitikira pasanathe zaka zitatu kuchokera tsiku kumaliseche. Iwo anaitana ulendo miyezi itatu iliyonse.

Mwa njira, matenda a "rickets", kupewa ake ndi mankhwala si contraindication kuti katemera chizolowezi. Chinthu chachikulu - kuchenjeza dokotala amene adzachita pokha, ndi dokotala.

Masiku ano a rickets vuto si monga pachimake monga zapitazo, koma musaiwale kuti kusasamala ndi matenda zingachititse chilema. Mwamwayi, panalibe kupatulapo ulamuliro kulowa mu mapu kuti akule "rickets." Kupewa ndi maphunziro thanzi ntchito ikuchitika pa mlingo, zimene amapereka kulemba za makolo wamng'ono, maso awo za umoyo wa ana awo. Ngakhale vuto zikachitika, mankhwala angapezeke pa ogulitsa mankhawala uliwonse, ndi bwino chithandizo kumatengera mmene makolowo izi mtima pang'ono.