Phindu ulova

Masiku ano, vuto la ulova ndi imodzi mwa yotentha pa dziko. limati ambiri operekedwa nkhani zofunika kwambiri.

Ndipotu, ulova kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwambiri mu dziko: upandu, yafupika kupanga anthu akutenga waukulu maganizo zoopsa.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "ulova ubwino" dziko lathu unayamba kumayambiriro 20 ntchentche wa XX atumwi, mu USSR. Ndiye, mu nthawi Stalin, anthu salinso kukachita izo ankaona kuti palibe vuto.

Ndipo kokha kuyambira 1991 ku Russia pa nthawi, anayamba kutuluka monga dongosolo Mipikisano structural zikugwira ntchito pa asapita zachuma, phindu kwa lova kachiwiri limzake. Kodi mawu akuti ichi, ndi kuti amene analipira?

Phindu ulova ndi malipiro ndalama kwa anthu amene amadziwa ndi boma monga lova m'njira zotchulidwa. Iwo masamu tsiku loyamba, monga nzika anapezeka inoperative.

Ngati munthu zipolopolo m'gulu limene wagwira ntchito kuchepetsa boma kapena bungwe lokha linathetsedwa, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo iye sankakhoza kupeza ntchito, iye anaika bukuli. Pa nthawi yomweyo nzika ayenera mayina ndi utumiki koyenera ntchito komanso anazindikira kuti ulova. Komabe, n'kofunika kudziwa kuti malipiro ndi siliyikika kwa nthawi yonse nzika lova: kukula ndipo nthawi phindu zingasiyane malingana ndi nyengo imene munthu kuwalandira.

Mwachitsanzo, nthawi ya kupereka phindu sangakhale yaitali kuposa miyezi 12, ndipo malinga ndi mzake. Ngati nzika kumapeto kwa nthawi yoyamba malipiro sanapeze ntchito, phindu ulova akhoza kuyamba kulipira kachiwiri.

Nthawi okwana imene munthu lova akhoza kulandira phindu: zaka ziwiri kapena miyezi 12, amene akhoza kufalitsa pa miyezi 36 kalendala. Pankhaniyi, ndalama amapangidwa pa mwezi Komabe, pamafunika chofunika: nzika ayenera nthawi zonse kachiwiri anawawerenga, ulova ndi Service Employment. pafupipafupi kulembetsa walembedwa ndi bungwe kulipira palokha - zosaposa kawiri pa mwezi.

Ulova ubwino, kuchuluka amene amamasulidwa chaka ndi Boma la Chitaganya cha Russia, chifukwa zifukwa zambiri, monga mtengo nthawi, chifukwa kuchotsedwa ntchito, komanso mfundo ngati nzika akhaphata basa.

Kudziwa ulova ubwino adzalandira munthu ayenera chigawo kapena ofesi dera ntchito.

Pakali pano, pali mitundu iwiri ya malipiro phindu - wapadera ndi ambiri, kutalika kwa amene ali osiyana ndi mzake.

Ngati munthu inasanduka zosalembedwa mu mphamvu si monenetsa operekedwa ndi zifukwa chilamulo, phindu lake kusowa ntchito masamu pafupifupi motere: miyezi itatu, adzalandira 75% ya malipiro ake pafupifupi mwezi omwe iye analandira miyezi itatu yotsiriza ntchito yake atsopano, ndiye kuti miyezi inayi ndalamazo adzakhala kusanduka 60% ndi yotsalayo - mpaka 45%. Kuchuluka kuti adzalandira nzika sayenera kukhala osachepera kapena kuposa gawo osachepera, pamene kuchuluka pa chinthu dera. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa phindu la nzika iliyonse kuti masamu kokha pamaziko malipiro ake boma.

Ena siyana lova ndi kulandira phindu masamu monga milandu wapadera. Zikuphatikizapo nzika amene poyamba konse ntchito, kufunafuna ntchito pambuyo akuchedwa wololera, adamuka kwa kuyan'anila chilango, iwo anatumizidwa ku chigawo ntchito ofesi maphunziro a zapaderazi aliyense, koma anathamangitsidwa kumeneko. Anthu otere amapatsidwa ulova phindu lofanana ndi osachepera kuchuluka kwa malipiro, kuchulukitsa ndi chiŵerengero cha m'dera.