Palmyra, Syria: mbiri ndi mmene mzinda wakale

Palmyra (Syria) ndi umodzi wa mizinda yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Kutchula koyamba za mzinda uwu unalembedwa zaka 900 BC. Palmyra ulamuliro amadziwika lero mafumu akale. Pamenepo panabuka kugalukira, kugwa maufumu, intrigue, ndi zina zambiri zikuluzikulu njira zakale. Kamangidwe akale lidakalipobe mpaka pano ndipo wapadera. Komabe, mu 2015 zotsalira za mzinda wakale adaonongedwa ndi zigawenga "boma la chisilamu."

kalekale

Kunayamba kale mzinda akhoza imawunikidwa osachepera pa chakuti mu Baibulo ikulongosola za linga monga Palmyra. Syria nthawi sanali boma limodzi. Pa madera ake anali kulamulidwa ndi mafumu osiyana ndi mafuko. The m'Baibulo khalidwe odziwika - Mfumu Solomo - anaganiza kukhazikitsa Tadimori (dzina akale) ngati linga pofuna kuteteza ndi kuukira aAramu. malo anasankhidwa pa mphambano ya njira zamalonda. Koma patangopita nthawi yochepa pomanga mzinda pafupifupi inawonongedwa mu kampeni Nuavuhodnosora. Koma malo abwino kwambiri chinachititsa eni latsopano kumanga kuthetsa. Kuyambira tsopano apa zonse anabwera amalonda olemera ndi otchuka. Pasanapite nthawi ya kuthetsa m'chipululu, Palmyra anakhala ufumu.

Mbiri za chuma chambiri afalitsa ku Ulaya. Sam Roma anamva kuti Firate m'chigwa pali mosatha kuneneka Mzinda wa Palmyra. Syria pamene pang'ono olamulidwa ndi Parthians, amene anali pa nkhondo ndi Rome. Choncho, asilikali lachifumu anaganiza mzinda, koma chiwembu akhala bwino. Patapita zaka zingapo mkulu wa Antonine mafumu ankapeza Tadimori. Kuyambira pamenepo mzinda ndi ozungulira dera anakhala chi Roma. Koma atumiki a m'dera chinapangitsa anawonjezera ufulu kuti kulibe m'mayiko ena anagonjetsa.

Ulamuliro wamphamvu kwambiri wa

nkhondo pa gawo anali okulira kwambiri kuposa ulamuliro wa chigawo cha Palmyra. Syria ndi gawo limodzi mwa chipululu, kumene kuli kosatheka kukhala. Choncho kulamulira dera limeneli kudalira adani a malinga angapo mfundo. Yemwe ankayang'anira malo pakati pa nyanja ndi chigwa cha mtsinje wa Firate, kuti kwakhudza chipululu lonse. Popeza mzinda uli kutali chapakati m'mayiko Roma, panali zambiri anapandukira likulu. Lang'anani, Palmyra wakhala anakhalabe chigawo ndi ufulu kutsatira chitsanzo cha Greek mzinda-ndondomeko. mphamvu peaked mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Zenobia. Mu Tamdor anathamangitsa amalonda kuchokera konsekonse Middle East. Anamangapo akachisi zazikulu ndi nyumba za mafumu. Choncho Zenobia anaganiza kwathunthu tichotse goli Roma. Komabe, Aurelian, Roma, adzatani msanga zokwanira ndipo anapita ndi asilikali ake malire lakutali. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, Aroma anagonjetsa Palmyra, ndi mfumukazi anatengedwa ukapolo. Popeza ndiye umayamba kuchepa kwa umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ku kalekale.

likamalowa

Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha mzinda Zenobia anatsala mu chofufuzidwa pafupi wa mafumu a Aroma. Ena a iwo anayesa kumanganso ndi kubwezeretsa maonekedwe choyambirira Palmyra. Komabe, khama lawo akhala bwino. Chifukwa, mu 8 m'ma AD anawazunza Arab zinachitika, zotsatira zake zinali zakuti Palmyra kachiwiri owonongedwa. Pambuyo pake, kokha kuthetsa yaing'ono anakhalabe a chigawo amphamvu. Komabe, ambiri misewu osungidwa, nakhala mpaka tsopano mpaka 2015 anali pansi kutetezeredwa "UNESCO". Syria - Palmyra, kupambana Chipilala amene amadziwika kuti dziko lonse lapansi, makamaka - anali weniweni Mecca alendo. Komabe, zinthu zasintha.

Palmyra: mzinda wa Syria lero

Popeza 2012, ku Syria magazi yapachiweniweni nkhondo. Ndi 2016, komabe si pa, ndipo anapezeka ndi nkhope zatsopano. M'chaka cha 2015 Palmyra anakhala nkhondo. Ngati zikwi zapitazo, chigawo ndi mfundo nodal kayendetsedwe ka chipululu. Apa amapita ndi njira pamalo abwino n'kofunika Deir Ezekieli-Zor. Izo zinali pansi pa ulamuliro wa asilikali boma Bashar Assad. More yozizira Tamdor m'chigawo zigaŵenga walowerera ndi gulu la zigaŵenga "Chisilamu State wa Iraq ndi Levant". Patapita miyezi ingapo iwo anali kuyesera kutenga mzinda, koma sizinathandize.

chiwonongeko

Komabe, mu kasupe mochedwa, pamene magulu waukulu wa asilikali a boma anali otanganidwa m'madera ena zigaŵenga anapezerapo matenda akuluakulu Palmyra. Patapita sabata la aukali kumenyana LIH akadali anakwanitsa kutenga mzinda ndi ozungulira dera. Pambuyo mndandanda wa kupulula. zigaŵenga anayamba kuwononga zipilala wakale. Komanso, zigawenga asiya otchedwa "archeologists wakuda" ntchito mu mzinda. Point anawapeza iwo resell pa msika lakuda amalipiritsa zedi. Anthu malo amene si transportable, adzawonongedwa. Satellite zithunzi zikutsimikizira kuti pa nthawi imeneyi achotsa ku nkhope ya pafupifupi nyumba zonse pa malo kumene unali mzinda wa Palmyra. Syria amakhalabe m'moyo wa nkhondo, choncho Sizikudziwika ngati kusiya nkhondo yoopsa zipilala kulikonse kwa ana athu.