Nyamakazi: Zizindikiro, Matendawa, ndi mankhwala ana ndi akulu

Aakulu kutupa minofu connective, kumene kumakhudza zimfundo amatchedwa rheumatoid nyamakazi. Zizindikiro, matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda ayankhidwa zipangizo za nkhaniyi.

Kodi nyamakazi?

Ichi ndithu ndi matenda kuti zaka zingapo angapatutse munthu wathanzi mwamtheradi mu yosagwira wofooka. Amadziwika kuti nyamakazi gulu n'chinthu chofunikira matenda autoimmune. Iye anayamba chiwembu yosavuta. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo oyera chifukwa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zina ayamba mofulumira kuwononga nsalu za mafupa awo. Iwo pathupi, ndipo patapita kanthawi pali kukokoloka. Pamlingo wamng'ono amakhudza tendons ndi Mitsemphayi. Sam chichereŵechereŵe ali inawonongedwa.

kudwala The amakhala ndi aakulu mwapang'onopang'ono kutupa nembanemba synovial. Nthawi zambiri, ndondomeko imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa mapazi, mawondo, m'chiuno ndi mfundo manja. Monga matenda ili m'kati fupa anakhudzidwa chichereŵechereŵe ndi zimfundo kukhala opunduka. Mu aakulu mawonetseredwe zokhudza zonse zitheka ndi kugonjetsedwa munthawi yomweyo Mitsempha, khungu, minofu ndi mtima.

nkhani za m'mbiri

The matenda nyamakazi wakhala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Rheuma linamasuliridwa kuchokera m'Chigiriki amatanthauza "otaya". The zifukwa ntchito mawu akuti, pali Mabaibulo angapo. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti matenda kugwirizana ndi lotha wa ntchofu, amene pang'onopang'ono kudziunjikira mu ubongo. Ena akufotokoza kuwamasulira wa chikhalidwe cha ululu, zikuchitika nthawi iliyonse mukulimbana. Patapita nthawi, zinadziwika kuti palibe kwina kulikonse nyamakazi si ikuyenda, koma anasankha kukhala dzinalo.

matenda amakhudza mbali kwambiri osungidwa kwa thupi - mafupa. Pa zofukulidwa zinthu zakale zimene zinapezedwa midzi asayansi apeza khalidwe la nyamakazi mavuto zotsalira chigoba. Mu mabuku mankhwala Buku mungapeze maina angapo a matenda: aakulu opatsirana misempha, nyamakazi deformans, Kuwononga matenda, koma ndi dzina munakhala.

Choyamba, mawu akuti "nyamakazi" anali akufuna mu 1858 A. Garro chaka. Komabe, nkhani ya matenda amanenedwa mwamsanga 1800 mamita Augustine Bove. Ankaona za mtundu wina wa gout. Mu 1892, Harry anayambitsa kusiyana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri.

Zimayambitsa nyamakazi

Ngati mukudziwa chifukwa chake osauka nyamakazi, matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa zambiri sayambitsa vuto kwambiri. Komanso, nkhani imeneyi chingalepheretse kupitilira winanso wa matenda ndi ena Mwina. Kupewa kwake, monga ulamuliro, maziko kuwonongedwa kwa zochita za zinthu n'zothandiza.

The etiology matenda si bwino. Akatswiri kuzindikiridwa zinthu zingapo, zimene zonse pamodzi kungakhale chitukuko cha matenda. Ntchito yaikulu ndi ankaimba ndi kutengera za kumtundu. Mwachibadwa, leukocytes muzipha zinthu mlendo. Zikuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda,, maselo a khansa. Ngati pali chilema chitetezo cha m'thupi pa mlingo chibadwa, maselo oyera a magazi pang'onopang'ono kutaya umatha kudziwa "zabwino" ndipo zina "zoipa" zinthu. Komano, kusintha mu majini amene ali ndi udindo machitidwe a mitundu ina ya leukocytes, zikubweretsa kusokonezeka kwa chiŵerengero selo. Izi kuyamba yotupa ndondomeko kuti si oyima yake ndipo aakulu. Choncho pang'onong'ono nyamakazi. Zizindikiro, matenda ndi mankhwala - mafunso angapo kuti aliyense ayenera kudziwa munthu pa chiopsezo yatsoka za matenda.

Pa abale pafupi imafalikira si matenda palokha, ndipo chiwopsezo kuti kusokonezeka kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi monga tafotokozazi. Iwo akhoza anazindikira mu mawonekedwe a matenda. Mwina wa zosayembekezereka ya nyamakazi zimadalira mlingo zimakhalira, komanso mmene zinthu zina pa moyo. Dama:

• Kusuta. Kugwirizana pakati pa bongo ichi ndi nyamakazi, asayansi mwaona 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Kusuta ndudu pa 25 tsiku (zaka 20) ndi nthawi yaitali kumaonjezera ngozi ya matenda. The zigawo zikuluzikulu utsi wa fodya bwanji maselo mthupi, chifukwa mu kuyamba yamasika kubala autoantibodies.
• Jenda ndi zaka. Iwo imatsimikizirika kuti kugonana chilungamo ndi kuti atengeke nyamakazi. matendawo akhoza maganizo awo pa m'badwo uliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri kumachitika padziko zaka 40-50.
• Infection. Odwala nyamakazi mungaone kuti akuchuluka matenda pambuyo posachedwapa likufa SARS.
• matenda m'thupi. Asayansi asonyeza kuti m'kamwa kulera kwambiri kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda a nyamakazi. Mimba akazi ndi matenda izi zimayambitsa chikhululukiro ndi ntchito M'malo mwake, amathandiza kuti aggravation lapansi.

Mu zochita za maselo chitetezo cha m'thupi zinthu anafotokoza anayamba kuukira zipolopolo za zinthu limodzi lomwe amakwiya kutupa iwo. Khungu mu zinkakhala m'dera kukhala yotentha, ndiponso yopweteka kwambiri. mavuto obwera chifukwa cha maselo chitetezo cha m'thupi imakhudzanso Mitsempha, lomwe limafotokoza owonjezera articular kuwonekera kwa matenda.

chithunzi matenda

Ndi pathologies zina zachilengedwe ofanana sangathe kusokonezedwa tingachipeze powerenga nyamakazi. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ayamba kuonekera mwa masabata angapo, mpaka kutupa sichikwiya chenicheni. Poyamba, matendawa amakhudza index ndi zala pakati pa dzanja. Pankhaniyi, pali kutupa ndipo pali chotupa pang'ono zimfundo metacarpophalangeal. Iwo zili m'tsinde mwa zala. A chizindikiro khalidwe la matenda ndi chiwonongeko munthawi yomweyo zimfundo pa linzake. Ululu syndrome angayambe kwa miyezi ingapo chaka chimodzi. kusapeza kawirikawiri amapezeka m'mawa zimatha mpaka masana, kenako zipita pansi. Pambuyo ntchito kapena masewera olimbitsa thupi ululu mipita.

Mu kufanana kwa ndondomeko pathological wokalamulira zimfundo ka mapazi, zomwe zili m'tsinde mwa zala. Odwala lipoti ululu pansi ziyangoyango atamukakamiza. Monga kudwala matenda a kuvutika mfundo zonse zazikulu (m'miyendo, bondo ndi phewa).

Zizindikiro zina monga tinatake tozungulira rheumatoid ndi matenda m'mawa stiffness. Odwala kuti azunzike limapezeka pambuyo tulo. Otchedwa tinatake tozungulira rheumatoid anapanga m'deralo basi pansipa m'zigongono, pa mapazi ndi manja. Nkhani imene iwo anapereka ndi kudzikundikira maselo mthupi amene anazungulira malo a minofu akufa.

Odwala ena chithunzi matenda ndi lowonjezera ndi kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ambiri. Kutentha limatuluka, tulo tawo ndi kudya. Nyamakazi ya zala pa siteji patsogolo yodziwika ndi maburashi mapindikidwe. chikhalidwe ichi limodzi ndi kupatuka otchedwa ulnar, ndi kuyenda zimfundo ndi pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka. Pamene alumikizidwa ndi yotupa mfundo ndondomeko vertebral, kuchititsa ululu mu khosi ndi nape.

siteji matenda

Kudziwa muyezo angapo amene molondola m'kagulu siteji ya nyamakazi. Zowaphunzitsa ambiri amene zochokera zotsatira za X-ray.

Iwo agawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• Pa siteji koyamba, woyamba kuonekera zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa mafupa. Ichi ndi mawonetseredwe yekha wa matenda, sipangakhalenso anatsimikiza mtima radiographs. zimakhala zofewa pang'onopang'ono tikaumbike. Nthawi zina fupa amatha kusiyanitsa m'madera kuwala. Izi otchedwa cysts. Ngati malo olowa ndi yopapatiza, mungakambirane za chitukuko mofulumira matenda, ndipo posakhalitsa kusintha wake mu gawo lina lotsatira. Chinthu chapadera cha siteji iyi ya nthendayo inatalikitsidwa kwa akuoneka zizindikiro matenda. Wodwalayo mwina zindikirani matenda, kotero musati ndifulumire kupita kwa dokotala.
• Gawo lachiwiri wofanana ndi pofuna kukwaniritsa ndondomeko pathological ndi okhudzidwa mu mafupa ake. The woyamba kuvutika manja a zone ya elbows ndipo woimbayo. Ngati kukokoloka isanafalikire pafupi chichereŵechereŵe mderali yochepa kuyenda. Pankhaniyi, chichereŵechereŵe minofu yokha akhoza sizisintha, koma minofu kale wayamba manja. Bursa asamatupe ndi pang'ono chofuna. Odwala pachimake zambiri amadandaula zopweteka ndi zowawa.
• Mu nyamakazi, gawo lachitatu pa cithunzithunzi kunachokera minofu ya manja ndi mapindikidwe wa olowa. Ngati madipoziti mchere anaona pa siteji yoyamba ya matenda, pali bwino distinguishable calcification pa x-ray.
• Mu gawo lachinayi amakhala matenda fupa. Pa X-ray limasonyeza kufooka kwa mafupa, erosions angapo ndipo cysts. Olowa kwathunthu opunduka ndi atrophied minofu mozungulira icho.

Staging a nyamakazi amalola kusankha mankhwala yabwino kwambiri, ndi kupewa mavuto zotheka.

Kupenda Medical

Nyamakazi ndi pachikhalidwe mu gulu la matenda aakulu a etiology wosadziwika, choncho kudziwika ake zimavuta. Mu 1997, College American wa Rheumatology akufuna i zingapo matenda a kudwala izi kuti kukhala zogwirizana lero. Ndi zinayi za zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri pa mndandanda wa zizindikiro za matenda tinganene kuti odalirika.

1. Morning stiffness.
2. Rheumatoid tinatake tozungulira.
3. Akunde mafupa oposa atatu.
4. Zabwino rheumatoid china.
5. Kugonjetsedwa kwa polumikizira.
6. Radiographic kusintha.
7. Ofananira olowa matenda.

Mwatsoka, zizindikiro pamwamba zitha wapezeka pamisinkhu kenako chitukuko matenda. N'chifukwa chake mu nkhani ya m'mawa stiffness ndi ululu molumikiza ayenera kupita kuchipatala. Ngati matenda nyamakazi, zizindikiro, matenda, mankhwala ndi njira zodzitetezera za matenda ayenera kudziwika kwa dokotala aliyense.

Kuti kwaniritsa matenda okhazikika wodwalayo mankhwala kuvomerezedwa x-ray la manja ndi mapazi, ndi magazi kuti kudziwika chinthu rheumatoid ndi kufufuza ESR. Ndikatha kumfunsafunsa, adokotala amasankha chithandizo choyenera. Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta ndipo imakhala magawo angapo. Ulendo uliwonse chimake kufotokoza pansipa.

mankhwala zoyambirira

Kuthetseratu "chifukwa cha matenda" ntchito mankhwala yaikulu ya nyamakazi. Mankhwala zotchulidwa dokotala, musati kuthetsa ululu ndi zizindikiro zina za matendawa. Iwo apangidwa pakamwa chitukuko zina za matendawa. Ubwino wa mankhwala amakhala noticeable pokhapokha miyezi mankhwala.

Kukonzekera Gold kulimbana matenda akhala ntchito kwa pafupifupi zaka mazana. zochita zawo ndi kwenikweni magawo oyambirira a matenda ndi ululu molumikiza ndi tinatake tozungulira rheumatoid. Mwa zotsatira zotheka mbali monga zosayembekezereka wa "golide" dermatitis ndi mucositis.

mankhwala Immunosuppressive Komanso ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ( "MTX", "Azathioprine"). Mankhwalawa kwa nyamakazi Cholinga chake yimitsira yokumba wa chitetezo cha thupi. Chifukwa chakuti iwo anagwidwa ndi khansa, ambiri amaopa kugwiritsa ntchito iwo. Komabe, ili ndi mantha onyenga. Zochizira nyamakazi ntchito Mlingo m'munsi, zotsatira kotero mbali n'zochepa kwambiri.

Nthawi zina, odwala ndi sulfonamides akuchipatala. Izi mankhwala antibacterial, amene ziletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwina yatsoka zochitika chowawa ndi otsika. Mwachangu awo ndi pang'ono m'munsi poyerekeza ndi mankhwala immunosuppressive ndi golide. Zabwino mphamvu ya achire odwala ndi matenda a "nyamakazi ya zala," kokha patapita miyezi isanu ya chithandizo chotere.

odana ndi yotupa mankhwala

Nonsteroidal odana ndi yotupa mankhwala (NSAIDs) ndi analgesic ndi antipyretic tingati ( "meloxicam" "Diclofenac"). Iwo analamula kuti ululu waukulu mu malo. Mankhwalawa kwambiri kusintha mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo. M'pofunika kusiya kumwa iwo monga matenda yomweyo anabwerera. NSAIDs sangathe kugonjetsa kwathunthu matenda, iwo okha kuthetsa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa. Pafupifupi mankhwala onse ndi contraindications, kotero musanayambe njira ya mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa kuti dokotala.

mankhwala kusankha kwa nyamakazi ntchito osati kale. Izi ndi mawu atsopano kuchita ano zachipatala. mankhwala yadaikidwa kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mavuto, chifukwa iwo ntchito mwapadera mu kutupa malo ndipo sikungawononge machitidwe ena limba. mankhwala kusankha kusankha ziletsa yopanga wothandizila yotupa mu chichereŵechereŵe olowa. Mankhwala ndi yabwino ntchito. zolakwa zotheka tisaiwale yaikulu kuchuluka clotting magazi. Zimenezi, angachititse matenda a mtima kapena kachigawo.

Corticosteroids ( "prednisolone", "Dexamethasone") ntchito kulimbana nyamakazi. mankhwala uyu akaleka cholinga kuchepetsa ululu ndi m'mawa stiffness mu malo. The chiŵerengero cha madokotala funso ntchito corticosteroids osokoneza. Ena amakonda kuti ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda mahomoni, ena - motsutsana. Recent kufotokoza maganizo osiyanasiyana awo mavuto. Mahomoni, kuwonjezera pa amadza chonse pa thupi, angadwale shuga, kuchepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi, chifukwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. N'chifukwa chake pamaso kupereka chithandizo, dokotala kufufuza "ubwino" ndi "kuipa."

chithandizo Local a nyamakazi

Kukonzekera tafotokozazi sali oyenera odwala onse. Mu ena pali mbali yapadera ya mbali ya zigawo zikuluzikulu, ena kusunga zabwino achire zotsatira. Choncho, nthawi zina, madokotala ndi kutembenukira kwa mankhwala apakhungu.

Pa matenda aakulu ntchito laser walitsa. mankhwala Ichi chimapereka wofatsa odana ndi yotupa kwenikweni. Pafupifupi 80% odwala taonera kusintha mu chikhalidwe ambiri.

Wina mankhwala njira ndi cryotherapy. Pa ndondomeko, katswiri amakhudza kuzirala kwambiri zimfundo akhudzidwa. Cryotherapy kulibe vuto mwamtheradi ndipo alibe contraindications.

Ntchito mafuta ndi creams zosiyanasiyana amapereka thandizo kwa kanthawi. Chinthu ndi khungu anapezerapo oposa 7% ya yogwira zosakaniza. Izi si zokwanira kupeza khola achire zotsatira. Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana za lonse la mankhwala othandiza ndi zodzola, thandizo awo pa zochitika yapadera.

physiotherapy

Pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa mtundu pachimake matenda angagwiritsidwe ntchito kutikita komanso njira zina physiotherapy. Chinthu ndi mankhwala kuli ndi phindu popatsana ndipo kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa m'deralo. njira zimenezi kusintha otaya magazi kwa mafupa akhudzidwa ndi imodzi kuonjezera sayenda awo. Mu zochiritsira lero mwakhama ntchito paraffin, UHF, phonophoresis, komanso cheza infuraredi.

kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi

Kupembedza zakudya okhwima anasonyeza odwala ndi matenda a "nyamakazi". Zizindikiro, matenda ndi zochita matenda kudziwa chifukwa cha zosayembekezereka. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za zinthu izi, zakudya kusintha kupereka odwala onse.

Madokotala ena amakhulupirira kuti zakudya amathandiza kutupa mu zimakhala ndi. Zikuphatikizapo nkhumba, zipatso zonse zipatso, tirigu ndi rye, mkaka, komanso chimanga. Madokotala amalangiza kudya nsomba zambiri, balere, buckwheat, mazira. A malo apadera zakudya zawo za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri zofunikira. Pakuti njira yonse ya mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa kuti achotse mafuta ndi zakudya yokazinga. Zamgululi ayenera steamed, ndi kudya yaing'ono, chakudya pafupipafupi. Pamodzi ndi mankhwala mankhwala kusintha kadyedwe kuli ndi ubwino pa mphamvu ya wolakwayo.

Zaumbanda nyamakazi

Zizindikiro, chithandizo, matenda a matenda a ana amasiyana pa njira ndi mankhwala odwala wamkulu. Nyamakazi Ana mtundu yodziwika ndi chitukuko mofulumira. 100 zikwi ana matenda amapezeka lililonse odwala 15.

Matendawa amapezeka ambiri pansi zaka 16 ndipo apitirize kwa zaka zingapo. chitukuko ndi zambiri zotsatira zosiyanasiyana makhalidwe, kuyambira matenda tizilombo ndi kumalizitsa ndi tilinazo kunachititsa kuti zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

The chizindikiro chachikulu cha rheumatoid nyamakazi ana ndi ululu molumikiza chimodzi kapena zingapo nthawi imodzi. Kuwaona ku mapindikidwe awo anaona kuti poyamba kumaonekera monga kutupa. Pang'onopang'ono, magwiridwe a malo yafupika. Nthawi zina odwala wamng'ono kuchuluka lymph mfundo, malungo.

chithandizocho chikukhudza ntchito NSAIDs ( "Ortofen" "Brufen") osakaniza ndi mchere golide ndi immunosuppressants. Pamene anafooka siteji matenda chithandizo chipatala chaching'ono akulimbikitsidwa ana, komwe mwa miyeso zosiyanasiyana wadwala kwa matenda ntchito locomotor.

Usasiye popanda chidwi zaumbanda nyamakazi. Zizindikiro, chithandizo, matenda a matenda odwala achinyamata amafuna njira aluso. Ngati nthawi kutenga zofunika miyezo achire kuthetsa matenda, n'zotheka kupewa chitukuko cha mavuto aakulu. Komanso apamwamba mankhwala mu magawo oyambirira sikumangotikhudza moyo tsogolo la wodwala wamng'ono.

kupewa

odwala ambiri akudabwa momwe kuchiza nyamakazi. Matendawa zikumveka mantha koma si kofunika mantha. Mwatsoka, mankhwala matenda kulibe. Ndi ndondomeko aakulu omwe amafunika chithandizo cha moyo wonse. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - kuti nthawi yomweyo kuyamba izo.

Lero, akatswiri ochokera padziko lonse mu kufufuza zonse njira yatsopano achire amene si limodzi mwa mavuto. Makamaka zofunika ndi nkhaniyi kwa akazi mu malo amadwala nyamakazi. Ndithudi, ngati mlandu, phwando la mankhwala ambiri ndikoletsedwa.

Ambiri amavomereza kuti mankhwala abwino koposa matenda aliwonse - ndi kupewa ake yake. Kuteteza mfundo madokotala analimbikitsa ndi moyo wathanzi. Zimatanthauza osati makhalidwe onse oipa, chakudya chamagulu thupi chokwanira. Osati udindo wotsiriza ankaimba ndi kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi kudzamenyana ndi onenepa.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe zizindikiro limodzi ndi nyamakazi. Zizindikiro, matenda ndi mankhwala a matenda - ochepa nkhani zogwirizana amene amafuna njira mwapadera aluso. Nyamakazi akutchulidwa gulu la matenda ndi madokotala ananena zawo osauka. Ngati nthawi kuchitapo kanthu kuthetsa mchitidwe yotupa, mosamalitsa kutsatira malangizo adokotala, mukhoza kumasulira kudwala cha matenda.