Neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo mu akhanda: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Kubadwa kwa nyenyeswa - ndi chimwemwe chachikulu makolo. Koma nthawi zina, makamaka pankhani woyamba, zikhoza chidzaonongedwe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous mwanayo. Chodabwitsa, lotchedwa matenda a chikasu ndiyo neonatal, si zachilendo, kotero, amene abadwa pasanapite mwana ayenera kuphunzira zambiri za izo.

zifukwa

Nthawi ya matenda a chikasu ndiyo mu akhanda - sizachilendo mwamtheradi. Chotero chodabwitsa ndi kumachitika pamene nyenyeswa magazi chifukwa oipa maselo a magazi bilirubin kuposa wabwinobwino. Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti kuwonjezera maselo yake magazi, thupi la ana akhanda ndi pokonza ndi yotsalira maselo ofiira magazi mayi. Choncho, katundu amakhala kwambiri, ndipo kenako amasonkhana bilirubin muyeso, imbaenda ku chikasu sclera diso ndi mwana khungu. Pankhaniyi, mwana alibe pathologies ena, amaona kuti kukhala wathanzi, ndipo safuna chithandizo.

mawonekedwe thupi

Kawirikawiri, kusintha maonekedwe mwana ali anamuona masiku 2-5 atabadwa ndi kutha ndi masabata 2 zakubadwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo amathandiza kuti mofulumira othamanga mwa zizindikiro za zheltushki thupi zotheka ngati nthawi zambiri kuika nyenyeswa kuti bere. Izi kufulumizitsa kusankha chopondapo choyambirira - meconium, amene amachotsa thupi owonjezera bilirubin. Komanso, tikulimbikitsidwa kawirikawiri kwa akuyenda ndi mwana mpweya wabwino.

Thupi neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo wa ana akhanda: Zoyambitsa

Monga tanenera kale, mtundu achilengedwe a khungu ndi mucous zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zambiri akuchira kwa masiku 10-14 zakubadwa. Apo ayi anapezeka ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo neonatal. Izo zikhoza kukhala chifukwa:

• mwana msanga;
• bilirubin overproduction;
• enzymatic mwana maselo chiwindi;
• maola luso wakumanga magazi seramu bilirubin.
• pathological neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo (yaitali).

Matendawa akhoza kukhala kobadwa nako kapena kugula.

Mbali yoyamba, neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo mwina chifukwa:

• Kudwala wa Kakhungu maselo a magazi. matenda zina zimaoneka kale mu nthawi neonatal. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuchuluka ndulu ndi chiwindi, ndipo kenako magazi m'thupi.
• Erythrocyte enzyme akusowa. Pankhaniyi, matenda a chikasu ndiyo limapezeka pa tsiku lachiwiri la moyo. Umboni umodzi ndi mkodzo asiyane.
• Chilema hemoglobin kaphatikizidwe ndi kapangidwe ndi heme. Zikuoneka pa miyezi 4-6 moyo wamwanayo.

Kuthi pathological neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo ndi a mitundu itatu:

• Hemolytic matenda a ana akhanda, yomwe ndi chotsatira chake cha nkhondo imuunologicheskogo magazi yoopsa ku magazi a mayi;
• kukha magazi mu ziwalo mkati kapena cephalohematoma, umene umachitika resorption katundu magazi kulowa kuwonongedwa hemoglobin;
• nambala zifukwa zina, monga kuchuluka kwa maselo a magazi magazi a mwanayo, ndi matenda amene akufotokozera mu kukhudzana ndi magazi pobereka mu kapepala m'mimba ya khandalo, pamaso pa matenda immunopathological chikhalidwe amake, mankhwala, etc. hemolysis.

chithandizo

Mofanana ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo thupi, ana kawirikawiri analimbikitsa kuyamwitsa ndi kupanga mpweya wabwino. Komanso, ngati neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo mwanayo, phototherapy njira umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amakhala irradiating chithunzi kuwala crumb. Mu kuwala kwake mu thupi lake ndi inapita patsogolo kuwonongeka kwa bilirubin, ndipo ndiye excreted mu mkodzo ndi ndowe.

Ndondomeko ikuchitika motere:

• mwana kudzivula kwathunthu (ngati ndi mnyamata, ndipo kumaliseche bandeji) ndipo anaikidwa bokosi yakucemerwa kwa ana akhanda;
• maso otsekedwa opaque chigoba ndi gulu zotanuka;
• walitsa ikuchitika kwa maola osachepera 2-3 kum'dula pakamwa wa kudya;
• nthawi mwanayo zinaperekedwa kwa chithunzi mtengo mwayi m'madera onse a khungu.

Nthawi makamaka lalikulu, pamene mkulu mlingo wa bilirubin n'zofunika, zokambirana ikuchitika mosalekeza. Pa nthawi yomweyo ola lililonse kutenga magazi. Kayendesedwe ndi kutsazikana kokha pamene kafukufuku akusonyeza chifukwa zogwira mtima wa bilirubin.

Contraindication kupitiriza phototherapy ndi reddening wa khungu. Komabe, zochitika amenewa anaona kawirikawiri.

GOIC

Chithandizo cha matenda a chikasu ndiyo neonatal milandu akuluakulu angathe kuchitidwa ndi ntchito kuwombola magazi. Zikuonetsa ntchito njira imeneyi ndi:

• Zotsatira osagwira mayesero zasayansi a misinkhu bilirubin mu magazi umbilical chingwe pa nthawi ya kubadwa ndi kukula mpaka kalekale, ngakhale kwa likhale phototherapy, ndi ena;
• kutsimikiziridwa zina za amayi ndi zizindikiro za aakulu hemolytic matenda a wobadwa kumene mwana wake;
• maonekedwe a zizindikiro nyenyeswa bilirubin kawopsedwe.

zigawo magazi kuti apatsidwenso madokotala amasankhidwa mosamalitsa payekha mwana aliyense amaganizira za mtundu wa magazi zosagwirizana ndi mwanayo. Komanso, GOIC ntchito pokhapokha crossmatch bwino kupyolera catheter anaika mu mtsempha umbilical. Pa nthawi yomweyo, dziŵani kuti ngakhale ndi kusankha olondola a zipangizo ntchito ndi okhwima mwambo wa sterility sangathe lilibe zosiyanasiyana zosokonezeka. Mwachitsanzo, pangakhale mpweya embolism, kuphwanya kwa mtima, matenda, thrombosis, anaphylactic mantha, ndi ena. Zambiri zimachitika mwa woyamba maola 3 pambuyo GOIC, choncho nthawi yonse iyi, ogwira ntchito kuchipatala ayenera mosamalitsa kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wa mwanayo.

njira zina

Mankhwalawa angathe kuchitidwa ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala kulowetsedwa. Mbali yoyamba akapatsidwa "ziksorin" Hagara-Hagara "Karbolit" ndi "Cholestyramine" omwe amalimbikitsa amasulidwe bilirubin matumbo. mankhwala cholagogue amagwiritsidwa zinalembedwa. Mokhudzana ndi mankhwala kulowetsedwa, ndiye ikuchitika ndi njira ya sodium kolorayidi ndi shuga, ndi njira albumin anali ntchito pa kungachepetse mlingo zomanga thupi.

kupewa

Neonatal matenda a chikasu ndiyo zimayambitsa zimene tafotokozazi, si ayenera kulankhula kapena zizindikiro ake chokani msanga ngati kutenga miyeso zotsatirazi.

• nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa nyenyeswa angagwirizanitse kwa bere;
• vulani mwanayo ndi akhasiya pa thewera maliseche kwa theka la ola;
• kuyamwitsa pa kufunika;
• Kuyambira masiku oyambirira ndi mwana kukayenda mpweya wabwino;
• kudyetsa mwana kwa wina ndi chifuwa mphindi zosachepera 7-10;
• ngati mwanayo akukana akuyamwitsa mumkaka ayenera ndi kumupatsa supuni.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe matenda a chikasu ndiyo neonatal. Zizindikiro za njira zosiyanasiyana za matenda akhala tafotokozazi Choncho, powona zizindikiro zawo, inu athanso kusonyeza nyenyeswa dokotala ndipo Musataye nthawi wapatali.