Monga mmene capillary zimadalira kutalika kwa chubu?

A zotsatira capillary mu madzi kumachitika pa malire a media awiri - madzi ndi mpweya. Zimadzetsa kuonongeka kwa kupindika padziko, kupanga izo concave kapena otukukira kunja.

Capillary madzi kanthu

Pamene chidebe ladzala ndi H ₂ O, pamwamba pake ndi yosalala. Komabe, kupinda makoma kumachitika. Ngati uyu wasambitsa, pamwamba amakhala concave, ngati zauma - arched. Kukopa kwa mamolekyulu wa H ₂ O malinga a chotengeracho kuposa wina ndi mzake. Ikufotokoza mmene capillary. mphamvu zikutipatsa mamolekyulu H ₂ O kufika mpaka counterbalances kuthamanga hydrostatic.

kuzipenya

Monga mbali ya zatsopano ofufuza anafuna kudziwa zotsatira capillary zimadalira kutalika kwa chubu. Pa kuyang'anila chinapezeka kuti kutalika chubu sikudalira izo, ali ndi phindu makulidwe a chotengeracho. Mu malo yopapatiza mtunda pakati pa makoma ndi yaing'ono. Chifukwa, iwo arched zikugwirizana ndi mzake. Stacks ndi zotsatira capillary. Choncho, mlingo wa H ₂ O mu chotengera zing'onozing'ono kukhala apamwamba kuposa mu lonse.

pansi

Mu pores aliyense nthaka alipo. Iwo likugwiritsidwanso zotsatira capillary. Time - izi ndi ziwiya chomwecho, chabe kwambiri. Mu dothi zonse zimawonedwa amakhala osiyana.

Kuukitsa H ₂ O mamolekyulu kumachitika ngakhale mphamvu yokoka. Kukweza kutalika zimadalira mtundu wa dothi. Mu dothi dongo, zingakhale mpaka 1.5 m, ndi mchenga -. 30 cm kusiyana Izi zokhudzana pore kukula. lalikulu kwambiri, motero, mphamvu capillary waung'ono dothi mchenga. Clay particles ali ang'onoang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pores pansi adzakhala ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zotsatira - ndi mphamvu.

nkhani zokhudza

Capillary kanthu m'nthaka ayenera kuganizira angagwiritse maziko ake. Monga tanena mu chinyezi clayey nthaka kukwera kwa 1.5 m. Ngati maziko ali anaika pansipa chizindikiro, iwo adzakhala mu madzi. Zimenezi, kungasokoneze pa mphamvu mwankhanza. Kuteteza maziko ku chinyezi zofunika kumatira gasket.

konkire

Nkhanizi anamugwiritsa ntchito yomanga maziko. Auzidwa, komanso mu nthaka, capillary kanthu n'zothekanso chifukwa nkhaniyi ali ndi dongosolo porous. The pores chinyezi kufalikira ulinso ndi oposa.

Ngati maziko yekha kudalira pansi yonyowa, madzi adzauka, kufika m'munsi ndi kupita apamwamba. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti chiwonongeko cha nyumba zonse. Pofuna kupewa mavuto amenewa kumatira yaikidwa pa nthaka ndi yekhayo maziko, maziko ndi zipupa za nyumba.

Akupanga capillary zotsatira

zodabwitsazi anatulukira ndi Academician Konovalov. Wasayansi anagwira kuyesera mwachilungamo wophweka. Pakuti emitter jenereta iye Ufumuyo chidebe cha madzi, kutsitsa capillary chubu mu izo. Malamulo a chilengedwe mphamvu kuyamba ntchito pa H ₂ O, kuchititsa zochotsa kuti enaake. Analepheretsa pa akupanga madzi jenereta amapanga kugwedezeka lakuthwa. Zimenezi Academician mobwerezabwereza, kuwonjezera utoto botolo. Analepheretsa pa jenereta mu chubu anali kuoneka bwino ndipo zingalowe mayunitsi mafunde ataima.

anapezazo

Academician Konovalov aona kuti madzi capillary imasiyana mchikakamizo cha mphamvu akupanga, zotsatira za kulera mlingo wake kumawonjezera kwambiri. Kutalika kwa Danga amakhala akuluakulu makumi zina kangapo. Komabe, chinawonjezeka liwiro ndi Nyamulani.

Wasayansi anatha kutsimikizira experimentally kuti madzi samadziika magulu capillary, ndi kuthamanga dzuwa, ndi mafunde ubwenzi. Ultrasound zonse compresses positi ndi amanyamula izo. ndondomeko adzapitiriza mpaka nthawi imene kuthamanga akuwuka mchikakamizo cha mafunde, ndi moyenera ndi kuchuluka madzi.

ntchito

Mmene akupanga ntchito njira sanali zowononga chiyeso kudziyesa ndi kutulutsidwa zida michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi. Kale, kulamulira transistor kutayikira nyumba wagawo anaikidwa kwa masiku atatu mu acetone kusamba. The ntchito ultrasound angathe kuchepetsa nthawi mphindi 3-9. Inayambira Konovalov ntchito impregnation wa windings wa zokutira zitsulo nyimbo magetsi mu ankaudaya nsalu - kulikonse koyenera chinyezi malowedwe mu pores lapansi.

kugwedera Zotsatira

Pa kudula zitsulo, makamaka pa liwiro mkulu, ntchito lubricating coolants. Chifukwa kuchepetsa mikangano Amawapatsa, chida kutentha kuchepa, kuwongolera avale ake kukana. Amadziwika kuti madzi amatha kulowa pansi wodula lapansi. Pamene izi zimachitika, ngati mwamphamvu unkagunda workpiece pa mavuto makilogalamu 200 / cm² ndi pansi pa zikhalidwe zimenezi, lubricant ayenera osamukira zosiyana kwa wodula chiyani?

Kufotokoza izi chodabwitsa ndi capillary zotsatira sikunali kotheka. Choyamba, mphamvu ndi liwiro chinyezi kuukitsidwa ndi otsika. Komanso, iwo ndi chifukwa zimaonekera mavuto. Kukweza kutalika amachepetsa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha, amene m'dera kudula kungakhale kwa 300 ° C. Konovalov anatha kutsimikizira kuti, kuwonjezera pa zotsatira capillary, motengera kugwedera za makina. Iwo ikutuluka processing workpiece lapansi. kugwedera uyu ali pafupipafupi apamwamba matalikidwe yaing'ono.

Kufotokoza za zochitika zina

Asayansi kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali analephera kuufotokoza maluwa achifumu Primrose chivomezi chisanachitike. Flower ukuwonjezeka pa za. Java. Ndi anthu am'deralo amaona amakangana pa mavuto. Malinga Konovalov mwamphamvu makungwa mantha ali yoyamba pang'ono pafupipafupi osiyana, akupanga, kuphatikizapo kusinthasintha. Amathandiza kuti mathamangitsidwe wa kayendedwe ka mankhwala michere ya miyambo ya zomera yambitsa njira kagayidwe kachakudya, amene amaonetsetsa maluwa.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, ndi capillary zotsatira - mmodzi wa zochitika ambiri achilengedwe. Zimayambira, masamba, thunthu, nthambi za zomera osiyanasiyana zinapatsira ndi nambala yaikulu njira. Iwo kwa ziwalo zonse michere mankhwala. Zotsatira capillary ntchito muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zochita za anthu: kuchokera tarred njanji zikulumikizana ndi chilengedwe cha mankhwala wapadera ceramic impregnated ndi zitsulo osungunula, kuti Nkhaka.