Matenda CNS mu akhanda: zimayambitsa, zizindikiro, mankhwala zotsatira

khanda ndi zisanathe kupangidwa ziwalo ndi kachitidwe, ndi kuchotsa mapangidwe zimatenga nthawi zina. Ndi m'kati kukula kwa mwana inakhazikitsanso ndi kukula dongosolo lake chapakati mantha. Grudnichka mantha dongosolo amathandiza zonse wabwinobwino za m'dzikoli.

Nthawi zina, mwina matenda neonatal CNS chotupa chimene chimachitika posachedwapa zambiri. mantha dongosolo kuponderezana zingachititse mavuto aakulu ndi kusiya mwana olumala.

Features ya kapangidwe ya ubongo wa ana akhanda

Baby chosiyana ndi munthu wamkulu osati kusiyana zakunja komanso dongosolo la chamoyo, monga machitidwe onse ndi ziwalo sanayambe athanzi. Pa mapangidwe ubongo wa mwana kutchulidwa bongo unconditioned. Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa, kuchuluka Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse mahomoni udindo kugwira ntchito dongosolo m'mimba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, maselo onse kale bwino anakamba.

The zimayambitsa matenda CNS

Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za CNS akhanda akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Mfundo yaikulu kuchititsa wonongeka ya ubongo ndi:

• kusowa kwa mpweya, kapena hypoxia;
• mwakayakaya kubadwa;
• kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe wabwinobwino;
• matenda opatsirana, amene anavutika ndi mayi woyembekezera pa mimba.

Kupanda mpweya, kapena hypoxia, tingafunse pa nkhani ya mayi woyembekezera mu woopsawo mapangidwe, matenda opatsirana, pa kusuta, mimba m'mbuyomu. Zonsezi akuphwanya makope ambiri komanso magazi mpweya machulukitsidwe, ndi mwana wosabadwayo amalandira mpweya ndi magazi a mayi.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zikubweretsa kugonjetsedwa kwa wamanjenje dongosolo, kuvulala kubadwa amaonedwa monga zoopsa aliyense lingachititse kuphwanya kusasitsa ndi wotsatira chitukuko cha chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe wabwinobwino amapezeka pa zifukwa zomwezo monga kupanda mlengalenga. Ndi matenda dysmetabolic tidzapeze kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi uchidakwa, mayi woyembekezera. Komanso, zotsatira pa wamanjenje dongosolo kungakhale kulandira mankhwala mankhwala amphamvu.

Ovuta mwana wosabadwayo akhoza kukhala matenda ikuchitika pa mayi m'tsogolo pa mwana wobala. Mwa matenda amenewa kudziwa nsungu ndi chikuku. Komanso, ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono iliyonse tizilombo ndi tizilombo kungakhale sizingasinthe njira zoipa m'thupi la mwanayo. Kwenikweni, mantha dongosolo mavuto zimachitika makanda msanga.

Nthawi otaya pathologies wa CNS

Syndrome la kugonjetsedwa ndi kupondereza wamanjenje dongosolo integrates angapo limati pathological kunachitika utero, pa ntchito, ndi maola choyamba cha moyo grudnichka. Ngakhale pamaso pa zifukwa zambiri zinanso matendawa n'kopanda nthawi 3 yekha, akuti:

• pachimake;
• kuchira;
• matenda zotsatira zake.

Mu nthawi iliyonse, chapakati mantha dongosolo kuwonongeka mu akhanda ali mawonetseredwe zosiyanasiyana matenda. Komanso, ana kungakhale osakaniza syndromes yosiyanasiyana. The kukula kwa aliyense syndrome madzi kudziwa kukula kwa kuwonongeka kwa wamanjenje dongosolo.

The pachimake maphunziro a matenda

Pachimake nthawi kumatenga mwezi umodzi. madziwo mwachindunji amadalira mlingo wa kuwonongeka. Mu zotupa wofatsa anati mantha, kuchuluka excitability wa bongo mitsempha, kunjenjemera chibwano, lakuthwa kayendedwe nthambi kusalankhula, matenda tulo. mwana A zambiri kulira popanda chifukwa chenicheni.

Ndi kusalekerera avareji kuchepa ntchito galimoto ndi minofu kamvekedwe, bongo, kufooka, makamaka woyamwa. Izi boma la mwanayo kuti anachenjezedwa. Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi woyamba wa moyo zizindikiro zilipo akhoza m'malo ndi hyperexcitability, pafupifupi translucent complexion, kawirikawiri regurgitation ndi bloating. Kawirikawiri mwana matenda - hydrocephalic matenda yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka mofulumira circumference mutu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, fontanelle lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi, kayendetsedwe ka zachilendo diso.

Pamene aakulu zambiri chikomokere. Vuto limeneli limafuna kukhala ndi mwana kuchipatala kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

nthawi konzanso

CNS matenda akhanda m'kati mwa nthawi ayambe ali syndromes:

• kuchuluka excitability;
• epilepticus;
• msokonezo galimoto;
• anachedwa chitukuko maganizo.

Mu nthawi yaitali kuphwanya minofu kamvekedwe zambiri pali kuchedwa chitukuko maganizo ndi kukhalapo kwa matenda a ntchito galimoto, amene amakhala ndi magulu musanaganizire, chikwiyire ndi kuchepetsa minofu ya thunthu, nkhope, miyendo ndi maso. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti magulu mwana wabwinobwino cholinga.

Pa akuchedwa m'maganizo grudnichok chitukuko akuyamba mochuluka Patapita anayimitsa mutu wawo, kukhala, kuyenda, kukwawa. Komanso, iye alibe wabwino nkhope akuti, yafupika chidwi zidole, ofooka kulira, sachedwa zikamera za Babeloni ndi Gulen. Chotero kuchedwa kukula kwa malingaliro mwanayo ayenera kuchenjeza makolo.

Chifukwa cha matenda

Pafupi chaka zimaonekera CNS mu akhanda, ngakhale zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mphamvu. The chifukwa cha loyenda kudwala amakhala:

• kakulidwe kuchedwa;
• ofuntha;
• cerebroasthenic syndrome;
• khunyu.

Motero, kungakhale oziziritsa ziwalo ndi mwana wolumala.

Perinatal CNS

Perinatal CNS kuwonongeka mu akhanda - liwu gulu zikutanthauza kuphwanya kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. kuyan'anila zimenezi zikuchitika mu antenatal, intrapartum ndi neonatal nthawi.

Antenatal akuyamba ku sabata 28 chitukuko yoopsa, ndipo umatha pambuyo pa kubadwa. Intrapartum zikuphatikizapo nthawi yobereka kuyambira chiyambi cha otaya ntchito mpaka mwana wabadwa. Neonatal nthawi zikadzatha kubadwa ndi wofanana ndi anatengera grudnichka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe.

Chifukwa chachikulu chifukwa pali perinatal CNS kuwonongeka mu akhanda, ndi hypoxia, amene akufotokozera pamene otaya mimba akumane, kuvulala pobadwa, asphyxia, matenda a mwana wosabadwayo.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa bongo amaonedwa matenda intrauterine, ndi kuvulala kubadwa. Komanso, kungakhale msana choipa chimene chimachitika pamene zoopsa pobereka.

Zizindikiro zimadalira kwambiri pa nthawi ya matenda ndi digiri kuvulazidwa mwamphamvu. M'mwezi woyamba pamene mwana wabadwa ndi pachimake nthawi ya matenda yodziwika ndi chapakati mantha dongosolo maganizo ndi hyperexcitability. Pang'onopang'ono kubwerera mwakale minofu kamvekedwe. Mlingo wa kuchepetsa kwakukulukulu zimadalira kukula kwa vutolo.

Ndi matenda adakali mu chipatala dokotala-neonatologist. The katswiri amachititsa tinafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za mwanayo ndi pa maziko a umboni umene ulipo wa diagnoses. Pambuyo kumaliseche kwa chipatala mwanayo kuyang'aniridwa ndi matenda okhudza ubongo a. Pakuti diagnoses kutchula ikuchitika mayesero hardware.

Chithandizo ayenera idzachitika mu maola woyamba atangobadwa ndi matenda. Mu mawonekedwe pachimake mankhwala ikuchitika mosamalitsa kuchipatala moyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse madokotala. Ngati matenda ali Inde wofatsa, mankhwala angathe kuchitidwa kunyumba kuyang'aniridwa ndi matenda okhudza ubongo a.

Nthawi kuchira ikuchitika comprehensively, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, pamodzi ndi mankhwala ntchito njira thupi mankhwala monga physiotherapy, kusambira, Buku mankhwala zofikisa, makalasi lolankhula. Cholinga cha njira imeneyi ndi kuwukonza chitukuko m'maganizo ndi m'thupi malinga ndi kusintha obwera ndi ukalamba.

Hypoxic-ischemic CNS

Popeza nthawi zambiri hypoxia amakwiya kuwonongeka kwa wamanjenje dongosolo, kuti mayi woyembekezera ayenera kudziwa kuti kumabweretsa hypoxia ndi mmene zikhoza kupewedwa. Makolo ambiri amadabwa ndi hypoxic-ischemic chapakati mantha dongosolo kuwonongeka mu akhanda. Mukadwala zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda chimadalira pa nthawi ya hypoxia mwana utero.

Ngati yochepa hypoxia, kuphwanya si yaikulu, owopsa mpweya njala, anapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali. Zikatero, angagwe matenda a ubongo kapena ngakhale imfa ya maselo mitsempha zinchito. Pofuna kupewa matenda ya ubongo makanda mkazi pa kubala ana ayenera kukhala tcheru kwambiri boma thanzi lake. Ngati mukukayikira pamaso pa matenda kuti tifulumizane yoopsa hypoxia, ayenera yomweyo ndi dokotala mankhwala. Kudziwa chomwe chiri - hypoxic-ischemic chapakati mantha dongosolo kuwonongeka mu akhanda, ndipo kodi zizindikiro za matenda, chingalepheretse pakutchulidwa matenda pa chithandizo mwamsanga.

Maonekedwe ndi zizindikiro za matenda yatsoka

CNS matenda ana angayambe mitundu yosiyanasiyana, akuti:

• zosavuta;
• pafupifupi;
• lolemera.

mawonekedwe wofatsa amakhala ndi excitability kwambiri za bongo mitsempha, ofooka minofu kamvekedwe zingaoneke m'masiku oyambirira a moyo. Mukalandire kusuntha strabismus kapena zolakwika, zosokera kayendedwe ka eyeballs lapansi. Patapita kanthawi, pangakhale kunjenjemera chibwano ndi ziwalo, komanso kayendedwe wosakhazikika.

Avereji mawonekedwe ali ndi zizindikiro monga kusowa kutengeka mwana, osauka minofu kamvekedwe, ziwalo. Angakhale nayo khunyu, amaika tilinazo, musanaganizire kayendedwe ka maso.

mawonekedwe aakulu amakhala ndi kuwonongeka aakulu ya ubongo ndi kuponderezedwa ake pang'onopang'ono. Zikuoneka mu mawonekedwe a khunyu, aimpso kulephera, matenda a intestine, ndi dongosolo mtima, dongosolo kupuma.

diagnostics

Popeza zotsatira za kuwonongeka kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo ikhoza kukhala yoopsa ndithu, kotero ndikofunika oterewa matenda. ana odwala zinthu uncharacteristically kwa ana makamaka chifukwa ichi onetsetsani kuwona dotolo pamene zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda a kafukufuku ndi kupitiriza mankhwala.

Poyamba, dokotala anayendela wakhanda, koma izi nthawi zambiri sikokwanira. Pa kukayikitsa pang'ono pamaso pa kudwala dokotala anapereka yopangidwa tomography, ultrasound diagnostics, komanso X-ray. Chifukwa matenda zovuta mwamsanga kudziwa vuto ndi kupereka chithandizo ntchito njira zamakono.

Kuchititsa mankhwalawa CNS

Njira zina pathological mu thupi pa bere, mu siteji patsogolo kungakhale sizingasinthe, motero zofuna miyeso msanga komanso chithandizo yake. makanda amafunika chithandizo mu miyezi ingapo, monga mwa nthawi imeneyi thupi grudnichka amatha kwathunthu kubwezeretsa kuonongeka ntchito ubongo.

Kuvutika mu chapakati mantha dongosolo podzudzulidwa ndi thandizo la mankhwala. Mbaliyi mankhwala kuti kusintha selo mitsempha zakudya. The mankhwala yotithandiza magazi ntchito pa mankhwala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezera minofu kamvekedwe.

Kwa ana odwala anatha kuchira msanga, limodzi ndi mankhwala mankhwala ntchito mankhwala osteopathic ndi physiotherapy. Pakuti konzanso kumene kumaonekeranso kutikitirako electrophoresis, reflexology ndi njira zina zambiri.

Pambuyo olimba chikhalidwe mwana pulogalamu munthu mothandiza mankhwala zovuta ndipo akuchita polojekiti zonse za chikhalidwe cha mwanayo. Chaka chonse ife tisanthule mphamvu ya chikhalidwe mwanayo, anasankha njira zina mankhwala zimathandiza kuchira oyambirira ndi chitukuko cha luso lofunika ndi bongo.

Kuteteza CNS

Kuteteza zosayembekezereka wa matenda aakulu ndiponso oopsa, m'pofunika kuchita kupewa grudnichka CNS zotupa. Kuti tichite zimenezi, madokotala amalangiza kukonza mimba pasadakhale, m'nthawi yake pochitika mayeso chofunika ndi kusiya zizolowezi zoipa. Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa ikuchitika, anapanga katemera zofunika zonse, komanso matenda m'thupi maziko.

Ngati CNS grudnichka akunde sichinachitikepo, m'pofunika kuthandiza wakhanda mu maola zoyambirira za moyo wake ndi kuchita polojekiti mosalekeza kwa mwana.

Zotsatira za CNS

Zotsatira ndi mavuto a CNS zotupa mu mwana wakhanda zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, oopsa thanzi ndi moyo, ndipo anasonyeza mwa mawonekedwe:

• mitundu choopsa cha chitukuko maganizo
• aakulu galimoto chitukuko, khunyu la ubongo;
• khunyu;
• ubongo kuchepekedwa.

Kudziwika yake ya matenda ndi bwino limakhala mankhwala angathandize kuchotsa matenda aakulu ndi kupewa mavuto.