Kufufuza kwa Laboratory ndi njira yapadera yofufuza. Njira ndi zinthu

Matenda ambiri omwe alipo, mlingo wokhawokha wa ziwonetsero za anthu osiyanasiyana umakakamiza njira yochizira. Kawiri kawiri, sikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso komanso luso la dokotala. Pachifukwa ichi, matenda opatsiranawa amathandizidwa ndi matenda a ma laboratori. Pothandizira panthawi yoyambirira, matendawa amapezeka, chitukuko cha matendawa chikuyang'aniridwa, njira yomwe ingatheke ndiyeso ndipo zotsatira za mankhwala ovomerezeka zimatsimikiziridwa. Pakadali pano, matenda opaleshoni yachipatala ndi imodzi mwa madera omwe akukula mofulumira kwambiri.

Lingaliro la

Kufufuza kwachipatala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza njira zowunikira pofuna kudziwa ndi kuyang'anira matenda, komanso kufufuza ndi kuphunzira njira zatsopano.

Kufufuza zachipatala kumathandiza kwambiri kuti mudziwe matendawa komanso kukuthandizani kusankha mankhwala othandiza kwambiri.

Maofesi ang'onoang'ono a ma laboratory omwe amawapeza ndi awa:

• Kuchipatala;
• Chithandizo;
• Immunology;
• Virology;
• Zipatala zachipatala;
• Microbiology;
• Toxicology;
• Chithunzithunzi;
• Bacteriology;
• Parasitology;
• Mycology;
• Chithunzi;
• Zojambula zamatenda;
• Kafukufuku wamakono.

Zomwe zimapezeka kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana za matenda opatsirana opaleshoni, zimasonyeza momwe matendawa akugwirira ntchito, maselo ndi maselo. Chifukwa cha ichi, dokotala ali ndi mwayi wodziwa nthawi yomwe akudwala matendawa kapena kuyesa zotsatira zake pambuyo pochiza.

Zolinga

Kufufuza kwa Laboratory kukukonzekera kuthetsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kufufuzira ndi kuphunzira za njira zatsopano zowunika zowonongeka;
• Kusanthula kayendetsedwe ka ziwalo zonse za umunthu ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zilipo;
• Kuzindikiritsa njira yakugonjera pamayendedwe ake onse;
• Kulamulira pa chitukuko cha matenda;
• Kufufuza zotsatira za mankhwala;
• Kudziwa bwinobwino.

Ntchito yaikulu ya labotale yachipatala ndi kupereka dokotala chidziwitso chothandizira kusanthula zamoyo, poyerekeza zotsatira ndi magawo abwino.

Pakadali pano, 80% ya zonse zofunika kuti mupeze chithandizo ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala akuperekedwa ndi labotayi.

Mitundu ya zinthu zomwe mukuphunzira

Kufufuza kwachipatala ndi njira yopezera chidziwitso chodalirika mwa kufufuza imodzi kapena mitundu ingapo ya zinthu zamoyo:

• Magazi ambiri amatengedwa chifukwa cha hematological analysis kuchokera ku mitsempha yaikulu (makamaka pa bendu).
• Magazi a m'magazi - amatengedwa kawirikawiri kuti ayese CBS (asidi-maziko) a mitsempha yayikulu (makamaka kuchokera ku mchiuno kapena dera pansi pa clavicle).
• Magazi a capillary - amatengedwa kuti afufuze zambiri kuchokera ku chala.
• Plasma - imatengedwa ndi centrifuging magazi (mwachitsanzo, kugawa mu zigawo zikuluzikulu).
• Seramu - plasma yamagazi mutatha kupatulidwa kwa fibrinogen (chigawo chomwe chiri chizindikiro cha magazi coagulability).
• Mtsuko wam'mawa - atasonkhanitsidwa mwamsanga atadzuka, amalinganiza kuti awonetsere.
• Daily diuresis - mkodzo, womwe umasonkhanitsidwa mu thanki imodzi masana.

Miyendo

Kufufuza kwa Laboratory kumaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa:

• Choyimira;
• Kusanthula;
• Zosintha.

Choyambirira chonchi chimatanthauza:

• Kusunga ndi malamulo oyenerera okonzekera kusanthula.
• Kulembetsa zolemba zolemba za wodwalayo poonekera ku chipatala.
• Chizindikiro cha ma tubes ndi ziwiya zina (mwachitsanzo, ndi mkodzo) pamaso pa wodwalayo. Pa iwo, dzina la wodwala ndi dzina ndi mtundu wa kusanthula - ayenera kutchula detayi mokweza kuti atsimikizire kuti wodalirika ndi odalirika.
• Zotsatira zamakono za kusinthika kwa zamoyo.
• Kusungirako.
• Zinyama.

Kusanthula gawoli ndi njira yopenda mosamala za zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu laboratori.

Gawo lotsatila posanthula likuphatikizapo:

• Zolemba za zotsatira.
• Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira.
• Kupanga lipoti lomwe lili ndi: deta ya munthu, munthu amene amaphunzitsa, dokotala, laboratori, tsiku ndi nthawi ya zitsanzo za zowonongeka, zowonjezereka, zotsatira ndi zogwirizana ndi ndemanga.

Njira

Njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito ma laboratory ndizithupi. Chofunika chawo chiri mu phunziro la zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanjanitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Njira zamagetsi zimagawidwa mwa:

• Chowonekera;
• Chodabwitsa;
• Chromatographic;
• Kinetic.

Kaŵirikaŵiri kachitidwe kachipatala, njira yogwiritsira ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimaphatikizapo kusintha zovuta pazitsulo zowala zomwe zikupangidwira kuphunzira.

Malo achiwiri malinga ndi chiwerengero cha kafukufuku ndi njira ya chromatographic.

Zikanakhala zolakwika

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti kafukufuku wamaphunziro a ma laboratory ndi mtundu wamaphunziro momwe angapangire zolakwika.

Laboratori iliyonse iyenera kukhala ndi zipangizo zamtengo wapatali, kufufuza kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino kwambiri.

Malingana ndi ziwerengero, gawo lalikulu la zolakwika limagwera pachiyambi chongopeka - 50-75%, kufotokozera - 13-23%, kusanthula pambuyo - 9-30%. Njira zowonongeka ziyenera kuthandizidwa kuti kuchepetsa mwayi wa zolakwika pa gawo lililonse la mayeso.

Kufufuza zachipatala ndi njira imodzi yodziwira komanso yodalirika yopeza chidziwitso chokhudza thanzi la thanzi. Ndi chithandizo chake n'zotheka kuzindikira matenda aliwonse pachiyambi pomwe ndikutsatira nthawi yake kuti muwachotsere.