Khansa - Kodi N'chiyani? Kufotokozera za matenda, zimayambitsa, matenda, madokotala ananena zawo

Oncology, khansa - mawu awa chifukwa zosasangalatsa, m'malire Association mantha ambiri a ife. Pamene chotupa zilonda zimagwera mu chiwalo chilichonse, izo chikutha. Ndipo chochita ndi khansa magazi, amene nthawi zonse amayenda thupi lonse ndi kukaona iliyonse ambiri chiwalo cha pa tsiku. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira matenda ndi 100% oopsa, ndipo, azungu litha kuchizika ngati Oncology iliyonse. dzina lolondola ake - khansa kapena khansa. Ndi chiyani icho? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti amayambitsa? Kodi pali zida zilizonse zimene kuchiritsa izo? Kaya anatengera khansa ya? N'chifukwa chiyani iwo Lolani ana aang'ono? Tiyeni yesani kuyankha mafunso onsewa.

mafakitale magazi

Fotokozani khansa, sizingatheke musataye tsatanetsatane wa magazi. Zikuoneka madzi homogeneous, koma kwenikweni pali masauzande a maselo - maselo ofiira, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi maselo oyera. Onse a iwo mu nthawi yoikidwayo a msinkhu wawo ndi kufa. Ikani akufa yomweyo atsopano. Iwo kubala otchedwa "fakitale" magazi, zomwe zili thymus, ndulu, lymph mfundo, mafupa, tubular ndi ntchafu mafupa. Kapena yopangira chomaliza mankhwala chofunika feedstock. Pa hematopoietic zipangizo 'mafakitale' yaiwisi ndi maselo tsinde. Oyenerera, iwo kusinthidwa (kusiyanitsidwa), kutembenuzira mu particles anakhumba magazi. Zimenezi amaitcha cell kusasitsa. Ena dongosolo kumbuyo ndi kuyang'aniridwa. Asayansi kuchita hematopoietic ichi "Mtsogoleri" amadziwa pang'ono, ife tikudziwa kuti mu nthawi ya kucha maselo tsinde kukumana metamorphosis angapo, pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira mu myelocytes, normocytes, prolymphocytes zina mpaka kufika chomaliza, imene kusintha mathero. Mwachitsanzo, lymphocyte siteji akudutsa lymphoblasts ndi prolymphocytes ndi erythrocyte siteji eritrotsitoblasta, pronormotsita, normocytes ndi reticulocyte. Pamene wonongeka amapezeka ichi "conveyor" zovuta kuyamba misa maselo gawo mwana ku magawo wapakatikati, dera la kumathera masinthidwe zina. Mwachitsanzo, zilibe sangafikire lymphocytes, ndipo akuima pa lymphoblasts lapansi. Likukhalira ndi overabundance maselo zosafunika achabechabe kuti kudziunjikira moti kutilepheretsa majeremusi yachibadwa magazi kupanga. Choncho, pali khansa. Ndi chiyani icho? Ichi ndi matenda oopsa a dongosolo hematopoietic.

Mawonekedwe aakulu

Leukemias ali m'magulu malinga ndi muyezo zosiyanasiyana. Ndi neoplastic chikhalidwe cha njira secrete Matupi awo pachimake ndi aakulu. Pankhaniyi matanthauzo awa umasinthasintha ndipo musati zizigwirizana muyezo. Choncho mitundu ya khansa sikudalira pa nthawi ya matenda ndiponso sichidzatha konse mu wina ndi mzake, koma aliyense ali ndi gawo la chikhululukiro ndi kumwa. Koopsa Mbali khansa mofulumira mayendedwe osinthika maselo magazi chiwalo chilichonse, kuwachititsa kuyamba khansa.

Tiyeni tione khansa aakulu. Kodi ndi chifukwa chake imatchedwa? Mtundu wa matenda amayamba ndi masinthidwe kale anapanga, kukonzekera ntchito maselo magazi (erythrocytes, leukocytes, ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana). Nthawi zambiri izo kumaonekera zaka zapakati pa zaka 50 ndi kuposerapo. Mitundu ina ya khansa aakulu:

• myelocytic;
• neutrophilic;
• mieloskleroz;
• basophilic;
• myelomonocytic;
• monocyte;
• erythromyelosis;
• lymphocytic khansa;
• acheya khansa khungu;
• lymphomatosis;
• gistotsitoz;
• iretrimiya;
• thrombocythemia.

Aliyense ali ake zizindikiro zokha khalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pamene myelocytic khansa yekha zizindikiro za isanayambike matenda ndi kufooka, thukuta, kutopa. Ndulu si anawonjezera, magazi yachibadwa. Chinthu chokha chimene angathe kuchenjeza - kochulukira chiwerengero cha neutrophils mu magazi, ngakhale kumachitika mu njira zonse opatsirana.

Mbali wamba mwapang'onopang'ono khansa aakulu ndi:

• kufooka;
• kwambiri thukuta;
• splenomegaly;
• kutupa lymph mfundo;
• totupa pakhungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous;
• njira necrotic wa khungu ndi ziwalo;
• ndi exacerbation wa kuphulika mavuto mu magazi ndi mafupa;
• nthenda;
• kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha leukocytes m'mwazi;
• kusalola leukocytes mu m'mafupa;
• utachepa chitetezo chokwanira.

aakulu lymphocytic khansa

matenda chifukwa cha masinthidwe lymphocytes ndi okhwima, ndi 90-98% mwa iwo ali mu gulu "B". Apa kusiyanitsa magawo chosaopsa ndi zilonda. Yotsirizira mofulumira kwambiri kwasanduka lymphosarcoma. Isanayambike matenda ndi pafupifupi yosadziwika bwino, chifukwa wodwala safuna kumva zizindikiro zilizonse zokayikitsa ndi mayesero onse magazi kusonyeza wabwinobwino, kuphatikizapo woyera achiyesa maselo a magazi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, munthu wodwala wayamba tayala mofulumira, pali thukuta, ndi lymph mfundo ndi ndulu ndi kuchuluka. Mu aakulu lymphocytic khansa ndi wodziimira mawonekedwe, amatchedwa acheya selo khansa, khalidwe villous outgrowths wa cytoplasm, ndipo muli zambiri phosphatase ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi zidulo tartarikovym. Mu mawonekedwe kuchuluka mwanabele simuli, ndi ndulu. Mbali chake chachiwiri - cytopenia, mwachitsanzo kuchepetsa magazi a munthu kapena onse pa zinthu kamodzi anapanga. Mu masiteji koyamba matenda a mitundu yonse leukemias lymphocytic kovuta ngakhale pamene akuchita MAGAZI, chifukwa zotsatira ofanana matenda alionse opatsirana. Komanso Kumalepheretsa bwino oterewa kutupa mwanabele, amene sakhoza kugwirizana ndi khansa. Odwala anachita woyamba mankhwala mankhwala kenako mwachindunji njira matenda a histological ndi maphunziro cytological anachita roentgen (khansa ya m'mapapo anapanga infiltrates wa lymphocytes kuchuluka thoracic lymph mfundo).

The pachimake mawonekedwe a khansa

Mu ubwana ndi unyamata ndi ambiri pachimake khansa. Kodi ndi mmene n'koopsa? Mtundu wa matenda amayamba ndi masinthidwe maselo mwana magazi, Woyambirira (kuphulika) boma. Malinga ndi zimene mitundu ya maselo chachikulu mutated, mitundu zotsatirazi leukemias pachimake:

• monoblastny;
• myelogenous;
• eritromieloblastny;
• myeloblastic;
• pachimake lymphoblastic khansa;
• undifferentiated.

Monga pachimake khansa m'magazi ndi m'malo a particles mchere pa ntchito mwana magazi pang'onopang'ono wotaya ntchito chake, ndiwo kotunga ziwalo mpweya ndi zakudya. Komanso kwambiri yafupika kapena linasiiratu ntchito leukocytes ndi kuteteza thupi ndi tizilombo yachilendo.

Zizindikiro za khansa pachimake

mitundu yonse ya matenda ndi sitepe yoyamba (anatsogolera), chikhululukiro ndi kumwa. Izo kumvetsetsa kuti n'zotheka onse pulayimale ndi mobwerezabwereza muyambirenso khansa pachimake. Total matenda somptomatika chiri motere:

• chotupa kuchulukana mu m'mafupa;
• aakulu magazi m'thupi;
• ambiri kufooka ndi kufupika kwa mpweya ndi chizungulire;
• mucosal magazi ndi ulceration (kawirikawiri stomatitis, zilonda zapakhosi, ulceration mu mmero ndi matumbo);
• totupa pakhungu;
• kuwonjezera chiwindi, ndulu, lymph mfundo;
• chibayo;
• ululu Mafupa pomwe ali effleurage (chifukwa zophuka mu maselo amenewa ZOOPSA);
• sepsis ndi mavuto ena opatsirana.

Chikhululukiro kumachitika pamene magazi salinso wapezeka maselo mwana mu mafupa a osachepera 5%, ndi kuchuluka kwa leukemic m'mafupa palibe.

The owopsa ndi ofala ana mu m'badwo wa gulu zaka 1-6 ndi pachimake lymphoblastic khansa. Nthawi zambiri iwo kutenga anyamata odwala.

Popeza lymphocytes ndi mu maonekedwe "B" (udindo kupanga oteteza) ndi "T" (combats particles yachilendo), lymphoblastic khansa ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu mitundu ingapo, omwe mutate mitundu ina leukocytes. Kumbali kuchuluka, wotsogolera ' "mitundu, amene kugawana 85%. Pachimake zochitika amapezeka ana kwa zaka 3, kuyambira pa m'badwo uno thupi mwachangu umabala "B" -leykotsity. "T" -form adzatsogolera achinyamata zaka 14-15, pamene a thymus umalandira kukula kwake pazipita. Mu chikhululukiro cha khansa mu mtundu uwu ayenera kukhala zabwinobwino cerebrospinal madzimadzi. Anachira ankaona mwana amene chikhululukiro kumatenga zaka 5 kapena kuposa. Mlingo kupulumuka ana yake ndiponso moyenera mankhwala a khansa pachimake ndi 80-85%.

Zoyambitsa ndi Matendawa

Khansa akuluakulu ndi ana amachititsa chisokonezo kapangidwe ka DNA kuti akhoza chifukwa cha kupunduka cholowa kapena makhalidwe awo. Njirazi ndi monga:

• walitsa (cheza);
• carcinogens (mankhwala, zakudya, mankhwala);
• chikonga;
• Morning a zotupa.

Chiphunzitso cha etiology tizilombo khansa sanayambebe zatsimikiziridwa.

Mwa chibadwa kwakhalapo kuwonjezereka kwambiri matenda a khansa mu syndrome Down a, pachimake, Turner.

Matenda a khansa monga:

• anayendera Link (akufufuza mpata mfundo, akudzizindikiritsa kusintha mucosal);
• mayesero Laboratory magazi zikuchokera kachulukidwe maselo a magazi, lymphocytes, maselo ofiira, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana;
• mafupa biopsy;
• (PCR akhoza kuona Philadelphia khromozomu, ngati alipo);
• NSOMBA kusanthula (limasonyeza kusintha DNA);
• IPT (kuthandauza maselo ntchito zolembera ndi antigens).

chithandizo

Odwala khansa ayenera kupezeka njira mankhwala amphamvu (mapiritsi, jakisoni wa mankhwala). Mankhwalawa limachititsa kupha maselo onse mutated. Morning sakhala osachepera awiri - pulayimale, sitepe ya mtundu pachimake cha matenda, ndi prophylactic, mu chikhululukiro. Pambuyo pa gawo loyamba la mankhwala ndi pamene akuyesetsa 100% ya zotsatira imagwiridwa kupatsidwa zina maselo mafupa. Ngati zonse ntchito yaikuluyi zimachokera kusuta, izo anatchulapo kupanda mankhwala ntchito. Zikatero, kusintha chithandizo chakudya. Kuyambiranso khansa nthawi kumachepetsa mlingo kupulumuka. Madokotala apeza angapo matenda kubwerera:

1. Kumbali ya

• superearly (mlingo apulumuke% 10 okha);
• oyambirira;
• mochedwa (kupambana zimatheka mu 38% milandu).

2. kutanthauzira

• kunja m'mafupa;
• mafupa (zoopsa kwambiri);
• pamodzi.

kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika matenda a khansa. Koopsa ndi kupatula kuyan'anila za ntchito ya magazi? Choyamba, popeza kuti maselo a khansa kufalikira mosavuta ndipo mwamsanga thupi lonse. Kachiwiri, vuto lalikulu matenda, imene maselo ZOOPSA amatha kulowa mu nembanemba ubongo. Chachitatu, mavuto chifukwa cha mankhwala a mitundu yonse ya khansa.

Khansa ya ng'ombe (ng'ombe)

nyama zonse, mpaka zokwawa, nayenso, amadwala khansa ya m'magazi, dzina lachiwiri ndi hematological malignancies. Anawatcha 1858. Poyamba anthu ankaganiza kuti matenda si owopsa kwa anthu. Tsopano, chifukwa latsopano kafukufuku, izo imatsimikizirika kuti nyama anthu khansa n'loopsa kwambiri. Chibwenzi, nthendayo amamudziwa bwino, koma mankhwala silinakwaniritsidwe anakamba. Mofanana ndi anthu, khansa nyama akuwonetseredwa mu zinamera chotupa (kuchuluka) maselo hematopoietic minofu ndi umuna mu ambiri lymphoblasts mwana magazi ndi myeloblasts. Amachititsa masinthidwe izi Bovine leukaemic HIV. A chidaliro zina ndi Kusakhazikika yake kutentha ndi mankhwala. Choncho, kumwalira nyama pa mphindi pa kutentha 60 ° C, ndi mkaka pa kutentha 75 ° C kwa masekondi 20 kale. N'zosavuta kuthetsa njira HIV wa formaldehyde, chlorine, sodium hydroxide. Koma nyama moyo sizingatheke kuti amuphe. Popeza kuti amakhudza lymphocytes. mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala umalimbana kuwononga khansa HIV, nthawi yomweyo wawononga maselo oyera ndi opanda zomwe nyama amafa.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Zizindikiro ng'ombe khansa angayambe kwa zaka 6. nthawi yonse iyi, nyama ndi HIV kuti akhoza kupatsira nyama zina ndi anthu, komanso kusewera ndi ana odwala, potero kufalitsa matenda minda ziweto. Kuonetsetsa magawo 4 a matenda:

• podleykoznaya;
• koyamba;
• kufalitsidwa;
• osachiritsika.

Mu gawo loyamba MAGAZI chizolowezi kusonyeza yachibadwa. kokha magazi enieni mayeso akhoza kudziwa matenda (mayesero serological mayesero virologic). minda boma amawononga pokonzekera makamaka munthu nthawi zambiri sadziwa kuti Burenka wake wokondedwa kudwala.

Yachiwiri amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa leukocytes ndi lymphocytes mu magazi, ndipo pali anthu ambiri Matupi awo mwana. Komabe, zizindikiro kunja kwa matendawa mpaka pano.

Only mu gawo lachitatu la ng'ombe khansa amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro matenda. Njirazi ndi monga:

• kutopa nyama;
• ambiri kuwonongeka, wakuta;
• zokolola kuchepa;
• mavuto ndi kapepala m'mimba (m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, amavutika kutafuna);
• chikasu nembanemba wa mucous;
• kuwonongeka kwa mtima;
• Ambiri edema (mu udder dewlap, m'mimba);
• pripadanie pa miyendo yakumbuyo;
• exophthalmia;
• kutupa lymph mfundo (nthawizina iwo kufika kukula kwa mutu wa mwanayo).

Chomaliza suchedwa kutha. Zizindikiro zonse kuchipatala pa nthawi yomweyo anafotokoza momveka bwino mu magazi ankasonyeza kuti amaposa wa mutated maselo oyera ndi chizolowezi kuchepetsa awo wonse kachulukidwe. Chinyama wotaya mphamvu yake kulimbana ndi matenda ndipo akamwalira.

Wachinyamata kudya pochitika magawo onse ndi nyama wamkulu zina kufa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera ndulu utaphulika. Izo zikhoza kuchitika chiyambire matendawa.

kupewa

Monga khansa mankhwala a nyama sangakhale, chofunika kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda ndi kupewa. Mu malo oyamba ndi kuchititsa nkhani yake. Mu kufamuwa iwo amagwira chaka 1 nthawi zinyama zonse, ndi zina 2 ng'ombe. Ngati ng'ombe ndi wapezeka zoposa 2 HIV onyamula, munda akuti ndi ovutika. Kukonza zinthu amachitika njira ziwiri - culling nyama yowola ndi m'malo a anthu onse. Pa nthawi yomweyo kwenikweni mankhwala nkhokwe.

M'pofunikanso kupewa za kwambiri kuti ng'ombe kwa ziweto alipo. nyama zonse kunja ayenera-onani pa oncornavirus.

Kodi pali khansa mkaka ndi nyama anachokera ku nyama kachilombo? Mwatsoka, inde. Mkaka kuchokera ng'ombe akudwala khansa, ndi kutiletsa kumwa mwatsopano. mkaka ayenera kwa dairies, kumene poyera kuti yaitali pasteurization. Chilengedwe m'banja akhoza kumwa patapita nthawi yaitali (osachepera 5 Mphindi) kuwira. madokotala ambiri kulengeza ntchito mkaka umenewu chakudya nyama.

Nyama, ngati palibe minofu kugonjetsedwa khansa komanso akhoza kudyedwa patapita mosamala kutentha mankhwala. Ngati tili ndi cholinga kapena matupi nyama zakufa anadabwa ndi minofu chigoba, nyama yake ayenera kuwataya.