Gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi (GnRH): makamaka mankhwala ndi analogs

Gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi (GnRH) amadziwika kuti timadzi omwe amamasula luteinizing timadzi (LHRH) ndi lyuliberin umene uli peputayidi trophic timadzi udindo amasulidwe FSH (follicle zolimbikitsa timadzi), ndi (LH), luteinizing timadzi ku pituitary zapambuyo. GnRH - ndi timadzi apanga ndi anamasulidwa mu ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha kwa GnRH manyuroni. peputayidi ili banja la gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi ndi woimira osinachalny sitepe hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dongosolo. pepala ili limene Adzaperekedwa monga muzikangana wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi.

kapangidwe

Nobel laureates, Andrew V. Schally ndi Rozhe Giymen anafotokoza mu 1977, akudzizindikiritsa makhalidwe a GnRH: piroGlyu-Giese-Trp-Ser-Bakuman-Gly Leu-Arg-ovomereza-Gly-NH2. Kodi wamba mu ulaliki wa mapeputisayidi, akuyambira zichokere N-terminus kuti C-terminus kwa peputayidi ulaliki, mwachizolowezi, komanso muyezo mwadya chirality lakuti, kutanthauza kuti kwa amino zidulo mu L-mawonekedwe ili. Mawu achidule pamwamba ndi muyezo proteinogenic kwa amino zidulo. Zosiyana ndi piroGlyu - asidi pyroglutamic, ndilochokera asidi glutamic. Pa C-terminus NH2 limasonyeza kuti unyolo umatha karboksidaminom m'malo ufulu carboxylate.

kaphatikizidwe

The kalambulabwalo wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi jini GNRH1 ili mu khromozomu 8 8. Normal zolengedwa zoyamwitsa decapeptide apanga 92 kwa amino asidi Pre-prohormone kutsogolo preoptic ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Ndi chandamale cha dongosolo asilikali osiyana malamulo hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal olamulira imathetsa ndi amaika timafunika mu thupi.

magwiridwe

Gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi ndi tochoka mu magazi a zipata mtsempha pituitary dera la chifumu apakatikati. GnRH ndi kunditumiza ku mtsinje pituitary magazi a m'mitsempha zipata munali maselo gonadotropic kumene zolandilira mwini imayendetsa GnRH cholandilira timadzi gonadotropin-kumasuka, seveni transmembrane maselo amene ali conjugated ndi G-mapuloteni ndi zolimbikitsa ndi beta isoform phosphoinositide phospholipase C wakupambana kwa yolimbikitsa ya mapuloteni kinase C ndi calcium . Izi zimachititsa kutsegula kwa mapulotini amaphatikizidwa mu katulutsidwe ndi kupanga gonadotropins FSH ndi LH. Pa proteolysis GnRH unagawanika kwa mphindi zochepa. Monga mwana, ntchito yake ndi otsika, kukula unyamata kapena unyamata. Kupambana zimadalira zoberekera ntchito ntchito pulsatility ndi otsutsa kulamulidwa ndi maganizo kuzungulira. Koma ntchito GnRH pa mimba safunikira. Matenda kapena kukanika, komanso kuwononga ndi mtundu choipa organic ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha ndi zotupa pituitary zikhoza zoipa pulsatility ntchito. Anakwezedwa milingo prolactin amachepetsa ntchito ya GnRH, hyperinsulinemia ndipo limatuluka ndipo amachititsa zikusokoneza ntchito ya FSH ndi LH, monga ambiri m'mimba polycystic. syndrome Kallmana amakhala ndi pakalibe GnRH kaphatikizidwe.

neurohormones

GnRH akhoza zimachitika neurohormones lapansi. Yopangidwa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi m'dera preoptic chikukhudza ambiri manyuroni GnRH-secreting. manyuroni awa ochokera mu zimakhala m'mphuno ndi amasamukira ku ubongo kumene mu septum medial kenako omwazika mu ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha chikugwirizana ndi dendrites yaitali, kuposa 1 mm yaitali. The kalunzanitsidwe GnRH kumasula iwo mu mitolo pawiri amathandiza kutulutsa umodzi zolowetsa synaptic. Pogwiritsa ntchito transmitters osiyana monga GABA, glutamate ndi norepinephrine malamulo GnRH secreting manyuroni. Narpimer, pambuyo ka progesterone-esitirojeni akazi dopamine kumapangitsa amasulidwe LH; ndi akazi ovariectomized dopamine akhoza ziletsa amasulidwe LH. The yang'anira chofunika kwambiri amasulidwe GnRH kumpsompsona-peptin Angagwiritsidwenso malamulo ndi esitirojeni. Komabe, panali kuli okhudza mitsempha secreting kumpsompsona-peptin ndi kufotokoza Alefa ndi esitirojeni zolandilira.

Nkofunika kudziwa zomwe agonists wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi. Nkhaniyi adzakhala zokhudza izo.

Impact pa ziwalo zina

Udindo wa GnRH bwino anaphunzira njira ya moyo kuwonjezera pa pituitary England ndi ubongo imene imalamulira kutentha. Pali kuthekera kuti ali zimakhudzanso zopangitsa kugonana ndi latuluka komanso GnRH zolandilira ndi GnRH yokha apezeka maselo a khansa, yamchiberekero, endometrial, prostate, ndi chifuwa.

Mmene khalidwe

Khalidwe la ulimi wa timadzi GnRH ali anakhudzanso. Banja la cichlid nsomba nsomba kusonyeza ulamuliro chikhalidwe, Kulandira kumatheka lamulo GnRH katulutsidwe, pamene cichlids chikhalidwe tcheru ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi lamulo la GnRH katulutsidwe. Kukula kwa manyuroni kuti secrete GnRH amadalira khalidwe ndi malo ochezera. More amuna osiyana lalikulu kukula secreting GnRH manyuroni ches amuna zochepa lakutali. Kuswana akazi komanso ndi pang'ono manyuroni kusiyana ndi akazi kulamulira gulu. Limanenanso za lamulo chikhalidwe cha GnRH timadzi.

Agonists wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi zafotokozedwa pansipa.

ofunsira Medical

Zochizira anthu odwala asanakhale Kwalamulidwa GnRH zachilengedwe monga gonadorelin hydrochloride (Faktrel) ndi diatsetattetragidrata gonadorelin (Tsistorelin). Kusinthidwa GnRH dekapiptida dongosolo kwachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha wapadera, zolimbikitsa kapena kupondereza gonadotropins wautali theka moyo. Ndipo izi analogs kupanga wa timadzi zachilengedwe linasintha. Leuprorelin analogi ntchito mankhwala endometriosis, chifuwa kartsiomy, Prostate kartsiomy ndiponso pambuyo zaka zina kafukufuku mu 1980, mu Vol. H. Komita wochitidwa ndi Dr. Florence ku University Yale, mankhwala msinkhu precocious, monga kulowetsedwa mosalekeza.

Gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi: mtengo

The ndalama pafupifupi botolo limodzi - kuchokera rubles 300.

Animal kugonana Khalidwe

Kusiyana Komanso chifukwa cha khalidwe kugonana kwa GnRH. Mwachitsanzo, kumatheka chionetsero wamkazi kugonana zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka mlingo wa GnRH. Mu woyera-korona mpheta kuwonjezeka copulation pambuyo kumayambiriro GnRH, ndi kuzikonzanso khalidwe nyama chionetsero kugonana akazi, zomwe zingaoneke pa kuleza tailed woyera-imodzi shrew ndi nthawi yake zobisika za kuchepa pa chionetsero kumbuyo kwa mwamuna ndi kayendedwe kulowera kwake kwa mchira. Imeneyi timapitiriza ntchito za amuna testosterone chinawonjezeka ndi GnRH pamwamba kambiri wa ntchito testosterone. Kuwonongeka GnRH ntchito zimayambitsa aversive zotsatira Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa la kubalana ndi khalidwe akuchikazi. Ngati Tikayerekeza mbewa wamkazi pa dongosolo za tsiku GnRH, akazi ndi nkhawa kwambiri mbadwa kuposa ndi chepetse chiwerengero cha manyuroni ndi 30%. Ambiri mwina, mbewa izi adzasiya pups padera, chifukwa mu yaitali kuwapeza.

ntchito Chowona Zanyama

Kodi applicable gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi? Mankhwala mankhwala Chowona Zanyama monga mankhwala zochizira matenda enaake yamchiberekero ng'ombe. A analogue kupanga zace, deslorelin ntchito ulamuliro Chowona Zanyama ntchito zoberekera ntchito analili ndi chosunga kumasulidwa chiphunzitso.

Taganizirani analogues wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi.

Agonists ndi muzikangana wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi

Payokha, gulu la mankhwala omwe amadza limagwirira angatchedwe ndi agonist wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira za gulu la mankhwala pa pituitary England amachititsa gwero zofanana ndi zotsatira za timadzi yake. Oyimira a gulu limeneli angatchedwe "Sinarel", "Lyukrin Gonapeptil zofikira." Izi agonist wa gonadotropin-kumasuka timadzi. formulations The chagwiritsidwa patsogolo ndi mankhwala a fibroids, endometriosis ndi pamaso opaleshoni kuchotsa chiberekero (hysterectomy) pa matenda a osabereka. yogwira mchikakamizo cha chapamimba yopuma madzi choncho mankhwala onse jekeseni pansi pakhungu kapena mu minofu interanazolno.

Ndi muzikangana timadzi gonadotropin-kumasuka ndi "Tsetrotid" ( "Tsetroteriks"), "ganirelix" ndi zina zotero.