Gender ndi kumasiyana ndi kugonana

Malingaliro a kugonana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi kawirikawiri osokonezeka, komabe, pakati pawo pali yofunika kwambiri, ngakhale zoonekeratu kusiyana. Timayesetsa kudziwa zimene jenda ndipo kodi osiyana kugonana. Inu mukhoza kunena kuti kwachilengedwenso kugonana - chachimuna ndi chachikazi - ndi titadziwa khalidwe la munthu, kudziwa pa siteji ya chitukuko embryonic; kuti anthu kugonana - pa zonse ndi sikudalira chifuniro cha munthu. Koma kodi onse zophweka? Ndithudi, zaka zaposachedwapa ndi thandizo la mankhwala amakono, mungathe kusintha pansi. Ndipo pamaso pa kubadwa kwa ena ziwalo kugonana mwana sikutanthauza kuti akhoza unambiguously anaika mu gulu la anyamata kapena atsikana. Pakuti tsopano Mwachitsanzo, pa kafukufuku mwa akatswiri nawo mpikisano pakati pa akazi, kutenga nkhani osati zoonekeratu wamkazi makhalidwe a thupi, komanso asakhale ndi vutoli anapereka, chifukwa amapezeka kuti, pamodzi ndi ziwalo wamkazi maliseche pafupi ndi mahomoni wamwamuna, ndipo amapereka othamanga ngati ena ubwino mu mpikisano.

Ndipo komabe, ngati chizindikiro cha kugonana, anthu ambiri kwachilengedwenso ndi anatomical, jenda ndi bwino pagulu, chikhalidwe ndi ofalitsidwa ndi maphunziro. mawu More ophweka akhoza kusintha monga: ana amabadwa mwamuna ndi mkazi, koma amuna ndi akazi. Ndipo si monga alikulamusa mwana pa kubadwa kwa - mtsikana kapena mnyamata: tonse zimakhudza chikhalidwe chikomokere wa chilengedwe chathu. Ndipo chifukwa jenda - chodabwitsa chikhalidwe ndi zinthu, mwina zimasintha pamodzi ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma XIX kuti ankakhulupirira kuti mkazi amavala zovala ndi tsitsi lalitali, ndi munthu - thalauza ndi waufupi tsitsi, koma tsopano zinthu izi si chizindikiro cha akazi. Poyamba, "mkazi academician", "ndale mkazi" ndipo "bizinesi mkazi ankaona" chinthu chosakhulupirika, koma tsopano tikuwona zambiri ndi zambiri, ndipo palibe amene anadabwa.

Koma, koma, jenda, amene amati amuna ndi akazi, komabe olimbikira mu misa manyazi, ndi kupanda chitukuko cha anthu, m'pamenenso chimapambana pa munthu, kukakamiza kuti maonekedwe ena a khalidwe chikhalidwe. Choncho amakhulupirira kuti munthu akhale "breadwinner banja" ndipo onetsetsani kuti zambiri za mkazi wake. Ena amakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kukhala olimba mtima, ochangamuka, mwamakani, kuchita kudzinenera "chachimuna" kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi nsomba, kuti ntchito pa ntchito. Mkaziyu alinso amatamanda kukhala chosalimba, zofewa, maganizo, kukwatira, ndi ana, kukhala mwamtendere ndi ovomerezeka, kuchita kudzinenera "mkazi", kuwapanga ntchito m'malo wodzichepetsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri iye ali kuthera banja.

olakwika izi, zomwe, tsoka, akadali lalikulu m'mayiko ena strata ndipo ngakhale, kupanga anthu anthu jenda. Mkazi, kudyetsa banja lonse; mwamuna zikuchitika umayi tchuthi kusamalira ana; mkazi, kapolo wa ukwati chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino mwa sayansi; munthu wonyengedwa nsalu - onse a iwo mu njira ina zagonjetsedwa kwa oletsedwa nawo pa zosayenera khalidwe pansi wake. Tinganene motsimikiza kuti jenda - ndi stereotype chikhalidwe? Inde, chifukwa timasiya magulu osiyana jenda - chachimuna ndi chachikazi - zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake. Mwachitsanzo, mu Spanish paradigmate kudziwa mmene kuphika - chizindikiro cha macho, pomwe Asilavo kuima pa mbaula - zinazake mwangwiro wamkazi.

Nzowonekeratu kuti timasiya jenda kutsogolera osati kuti jenda komanso tsankho zochokera jenda, monga otsogolera anthu kawirikawiri anatumizidwa amuna. Choncho, ambiri m'mayiko otukuka pa mlingo wokweretsa ndondomeko jenda pokha amakonzedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma zimatengera pa udindo kuthetsa kusiyana pakati pa amayi ndi kutitengera malamulo mapangidwe ndi egalitarian (ofanana anthu onse) wa kampani. Iwo ayenera kugwira mfundo yophunzitsa lakonzedwa kuthetseratu olakwika jenda.