Crustacean chimphona kukula. Yaikulu nkhanu zam'nyanja

Nkhanu ndi nkhanu za mtundu, nkhanu za mtundu ndi nkhanu. Dziko lapansi zolengedwa kuti anali zaka zoposa mazana asanu miliyoni zapitazo. Pa iwo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi. Muonanso mu chithunzi crustacean chimphona kukula, ukulu wa miyendo umene ukufika mamita anayi.

Pamene maphunziro akuphunzira m'kalasi wa nkhanu, tebulo mbali yaikulu ya zilombo izi nthawi zambiri anapereka nyumba. Mutawerenga nkhani yathu, schoolchild aliyense mosavuta kuchikwaniritsa.

Kodi nkhanu

Limodzi la magulu waukulu phylum arthropods - nkhanu. Pamafunikanso mitundu yoposa makumi zikwi zitatu. Ndi wina wamkulu wa gulu la ofufuza lotchedwa Szczytno. Kapangidwe yake yamakono kwathunthu ndi zimene mafupawa, ndiwo zaka zoposa 200 miliyoni.

Mbali ya subtype izi kuti mulinso siteji kusintha kuchokera chomera dziko nyama. Awa barnacles ndi barnacles. Iwo sanali kusuntha. Pakati nkhanu ena Dziwani ena nkhanu ndi woodlice, amene satsatira m'madzi ndi dziko. Amphipods moyo mu otentha dothi lonyowa la dziko lathuli. Pali ngakhale mtundu wa tiziromboti - taxa.

Choncho, subtype izi kwachilengedwenso katswiri pafupifupi onse amatunga embodiments lapansi, kuyambira pa nyanja ndi mitsinje ya.

Kenako ife kuyang'ana pa nthumwi waukulu. Mudzaona crustacean chimphona kukula ndi kuphunzira za nkhanu zing'onozing'ono, zomwe thupi lake kukula ndi 0.1 okha millimeter.

Mitundu yonse ya zamoyo padziko lathuli akuphunzira zamoyo. Nkhanu ali kutumikiridwa amalanga monga carcinology.

Pakati pa mbali yofunika kwambiri zimasiyanitsa subtype izi titchedwe chipolopolo kapena chitin exoskeleton. Izi mbali olimba thupi la nkhanu, amene angawateteze kwa kunja kanthu makina. Chifukwa exoskeleton si kuchuluka kukula, nyama kuti bwererani kambirimbiri mu moyo kupitiriza kukula.

Iwo ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya tinyanga, ndipo kupuma ntchito makutu kuti ili miyendo.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za kunja ndi mkati kapangidwe ka nkhanu akambirana nthawi ina. Tsopano n'kofunika amanena chinthu chimodzi kwambiri. Izi subtype kwachilengedwenso ndi kugwirizana zofunika kwambiri mu unyolo chakudya. Anthu Mwachitsanzo, yambiri nkhanu. Choncho, ambiri oimira kalasi amaperekedwa ndi chikhalidwe.

Krill Mwachitsanzo, ndi copepods, amene tikukambirana kenako mu nkhaniyi, ndi zotsalira zazomera waukulu mitundu yonse analipo anthu padziko moyo.
Choncho, tiyeni tidziwe bwino za kapangidwe ka nkhanu.

kapangidwe kunja

Monga subtype phylum Arthropoda, nkhanu ndi akunja chitin (kapena laimu) chipolopolo, komanso segmented pamwamba pa thupi ndi manambala osiyanasiyana miyendo wophatikizidwa.

Gulu laling'ono ankaona tantulocarida. kukula zimasiyanasiyana millimeters 0.1 kuti 0,3. Iyi ndi tiziromboti - zing'onozing'ono nsomba zazinkhanira Stygotantulus stocki, amene tamutchula pamwambapa. kukula kwake ndi kuzungulira 94 micrometers (zosakwana 0,1 millimeter).

Oimira waukulu kufika kulemera kwa makilogalamu makumi awiri ndi ukulu wa forelimb wa 3.5 - 3.8 mamita. Pankhani umenewu crustacean anaonekera mwambi kuti: "nkhanu akhoza kukumbatira Mvuu?" Ndi Japanese kangaude nkhanu, amene tikambirana pansipa.

Kapangidwe kunja nkhanu ziri chomwecho mu mitundu yonse, koma chiwerengero osiyana a zigawo ndi maonekedwe a miyendo pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana kayendedwe ka moyo.

Choncho, mutu, m'mimba ndi mbali pachifuwa alipo mu mamembala onse subtype izi. Komabe, m'madera ena underdeveloped nkhanu kugawanika kwa otsiriza zigawo ziwiri homonomous. Kuti, pamwamba thupi lagawidwa zidutswa za kukula wofanana.

Kansa chapamwamba, chimene tikambirana patsogolo pang'ono, ndi kugawanika okhazikika. Amakhala ndi magawo anayi: pamimba, wopangidwa mwa zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi cephalothorax, amene ali mutu anayi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zigawo thoracic ndi Akron (m'dera wapadera wa mutu pafupi pakamwa, pali mu arthropods).

M'makona nkhanu ili payekha thupi zigawo awiriawiri. Kulankhula chilankhulo cha sayansi, ndi "mwendo" tichipeza protopodite (Inde moyo) womwenso koksopodit (apa ndi makutu) ndi Basipodite (kulumikiza gawo), ndipo sequels awiri - exopodite ndi endopodite.

Ntchito mu nthambi zosiyanasiyana, makamaka iwo ikhoza kusintha kutengera mtundu wa crustacean. Ena mukupuma, pamene ena - kayendedwe ka, kapena chakudya, ndi apamwamba a ntchito mwa ntchito zonse popanda yekha.

kapangidwe mkati

Kapangidwe mkati wa nkhanu tichipeza machitidwe asanu, minofu ndi ziwalo imalandira. Kuliphunzira, timayamba ndi minofu.

Choncho, ngati ndi oimira Arthropod phylum, minofu crustacean anapereka striated minofu minofu. Cacikulu iwo alibe thumba, ndi minofu ili, ngati matabwa payekha. Kawirikawiri kutumikira monga kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyana za pamwamba thupi.

Mitsempha ya magazi mu subtype ili lotseguka. Ndiko kuti, magazi ndi lymph akugwirizana ndi kusuntha sine miksotselya ndi ziwiya. Kodi chidwi ndi mtima nthawi zonse lili dongosolo kupuma. Iwo likukhalira kuti ndi osiyana oimira munthu wa nkhanu. Ena mwa thupi ili matumbo, ena mu chubu zina kutalika thupi. Aliyense chipinda cha otsiriza pali mabowo wapadera kuti uzigawidwa magazi mu gawo lapansi. Pali mitima mu mawonekedwe a bochonochka ostiyami. Motero, thupi ili la oimira subtypes osiyana ndi lalitali kapena lalifupi.

Mantha dongosolo ndi chosiyana ndi nkhanu wosazindikira ndi zambiri zotsogola. Poyamba iye anali "makwerero", wachiwiri imodzi chidutswa, zomwe Boma ambiri ophatikizidwa. Yoyamba amakhala ndi spaced mbali ganglia, amene zolumikizana commissures. ubongo imakhala nkhanu deytotserebruma lomwe lili ndi kugwirizana ndi antennules ndi prototserebruma udindo diso, Akron ndi tinyanga.

Mantha dongosolo mu mitundu ina yogwirizana ndi endocrine lapansi. Chifukwa mitundu ina ya nkhanu angathe kusintha mtundu wa thupi ndi bwino atengere chilengedwe.

Dongosolo kupuma komanso zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mlingo wa zamoyo wa mitundu. Choncho, nkhanu osachepera anayamba kupuma mu pamwamba thupi ndi kudutsa madzi kudutsa mu kachitidwe wapadera. Landlubbers muli ndi chapadera thupi - psevdotraheyami - koma mpweya lonyowa ndi koyenera kuti moyo wa iwo. dongosolo kupuma monga chochuluka crustacean tichipeza epipodite, makutu wapadera, amene ali kutsogolo kapena miyendo ventral.

Dongosolo m'mimba ali mawonekedwe a chubu ndi tichipeza matumbo atatu - kutsogolo, pakati ndi kumbuyo. Mphero zinthu chikuchitika mu zapambuyo, mayamwidwe ndi chimbudzi cha - pafupifupi ndi linanena bungwe - kudzera kumbuyo.

dongosolo Excretory tichipeza awiri impso. Ambiri, matupi awa ali mitundu iwiri - maxillary ndi antennal. Ena nkhanu amabadwa ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a impso, m'kati n'kubweretsa moyo wachiwiri. Ndi mosemphanitsa. Onse matupi anayi pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa khansa apamwamba - Nebalia.

Mphamvu anapereka maso mwangwiro akupangidwa statocysts (bwino ziwalo) ndi tsitsi wapadera pa tinyanga, kuti kupereka kununkhiza ndi kukhudza.

mayendedwe amoyo

Kenako, mapangidwe athu wa nkhanu akupitiriza kufotokoza awo mkombero moyo. Imayamba ndi nthawi embryonic. Izi zidalira pa kuchuluka kwa yolk mazira kulephereka.

Ngati ziri zazing'ono, monga ponseponse kwa underdeveloped oimira subtype, magawano ndi chimodzimodzi ngati kuti a annelids lapansi. Kuti ndi ziwalo zonse ndi mulingo ofanana pa nkhaniyi ndipo pa mapeto a chitukuko embryonic pali chinthu chofanana.

Apo ayi, nkhanu apamwamba, dzira yolk mu kwambiri, kotero kupatukana zikundiyendera. Iwo anapanga nyongolosi gulu lomwe kenako ndipamene uthenga wa citukuko.

Pambuyo kuti pali kuswa kwa dzira. nkhanu larva amatchedwa "nauplius". Iye ali Akron antennules angapo kusambira dvusegmentnoe miyendo ndi thupi. tsatani mfundo izi zimapezeka kokha nkhanu apamwamba.

Zoea - nyengo ya chitukuko, pamene mphutsi kutuluka maso, pamimba ndi miyendo pa mutu ndi pamaso pa chifuwa.

Siteji yotsatira amatchedwa larva mizidnaya. Iye athanzi miyendo wa nkhanu ndi mphamvu zonse za machitidwe thupi. Mu ndondomeko ya kukula kukula kwa izo molts, kukhetsa angapo cuticle. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza metamorphosis izi nkhani zotsatirazi.

Molting ndi Lamulo pa mlingo wa mahomoni. Mu ndondomeko ya kukhala mukubwera siteji zina kukula, pamene chipolopolo akale kumathandiza chitukuko zina. Chifukwa mbendera ku hypodermis thupi ayamba kupanga chodziwa kundipatsako kwa zakudya. Mothandizidwa latsopano wosanjikiza cuticle aumbike. Pambuyo yopuma akale ndi kugwa kutali, achinyamata nkhanu pamwamba ikamauma mofulumira chifukwa salt mchere.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kukula kwa khansa amapezeka mu mbali ziwiri. Pamaso molting ndi kuonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo, ndiyeno - m'ndandanda wa madzi mu minofu.

Palinso mitundu ina ya nkhanu, zomwe kusintha kukula, kutalika miyendo ndi ziwalo, malingana ndi nyengo.

Kulankhulana ndi chilengedwe

Kenako, crustacean athu khalidwe wokhudza moyo ndi kugawa.
Asayansi akuyerekezera anthu a subtype izi Madamu ndi tizilombo pa dziko. Iwo mitundu, akalumikidzidwa, makulidwe, ndipo chiwerengero chawo ndi chabe zotsalira zazomera yaikulu.

M'kupita kwa kusanduka padali kugawanikana ku pulayimale ndi apamwamba nkhanu. Iwo anakhala mbali ya majeremusi, ena kuti ndinazolowera moyo pa dziko, ndipo apanga dongosolo yeniyeni kupuma.

Koma mitundu ya parasitic, iwo kulibe zosiyanasiyana za magulu a subtype izi. Mbali yaikulu ya gawo ili la crustacean ndi zosabvuta pazipita ziwalo zosiyana ndi kachitidwe. Chifukwa amakhala likuvutika ena, m'madera ambiri a thupi manja chopanda pake. Pali anthu amene parasitic mu zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana wamoyo, koma pali anthu amene amagwira kunja.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti oimira subtype izi zikhoza kupezeka paliponse. malingaliro Small moyo mu puddles, kusungunuka chisanu ndi mchere m'madambo. nkhanu Large ndi amodzi mwakuya komanso pa gombe la nyanja, nyanja kapena mtsinje.

mamembala Minor wa subtype izi, ambiri zokhudzana zomera, ndi kudya mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo mogwirizana. nkhanu zina kuti moyo pansi mayiwe, ndi miimba. Atakhala pansi zidutswa za nyama zakufa ku zigawo apamwamba. Mitembo, amene ali padziko kapena kuzama yaing'ono, kudyetsa bokoplavy.

Komanso, nkhono ndi mtundu ofunika chandamale. Nkhanu, lobusitara, nsomba zazinkhanira, nkhanu, nsomba zazinkhanira - ndi mbali yokhayo ya maina a mitundu, amene ntchito ndi anthu monga chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, barnacle, kapena zala mdierekezi, ataima pa Iberia ndipo mayuro 150 pa kilo.

The ntchito yachiwiri ya nkhanu - chakudya cha nsomba ndi mbalame, lomwe mwakula ulimi. Aquarists komanso ntchito zouma chakudya nsomba.

Komanso ntchito mphamvu ya nkhono kuyamwa zovunda. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kuyeretsedwa chilengedwe cha madzi kuipitsa.

malacostraca

Mu kalasi zamoyo nthawi anaphunzira kalasi wa nkhanu. Table kugawa, kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka moyo. Pa mafunso onsewa, inu mosavuta kupereka yankho zochokera gawo yapita kwa nkhani ino.

Tsopano tiyeni tisunthire kwa gulu kwambiri kufika kwa okhalapo. Yotsatira tidzakambirana kukaona dziko cha zolengedwa zodabwitsa ndi Dziŵani zimphona ake ndi atumiki. Padakali pano, ayenera kuganizira zambiri za phunziroli.

Malacostraca monga mitundu yoposa sate-faifi sauzande zamoyo. Oimira loyamba la kalasi anaonekera mu nthawi Mathanthwe. Ndipo iyo inali pafupi faifi handiredi ndi miliyoni zaka makumi anai zapitazo. Pamafunikanso nkhanu, amphipods, nkhanu, shirimpu ndi woodlice. Zilombozi moyo mu nyanja ndi madzi abwino, komanso dziko.

Kapangidwe ka khansa apamwamba ndi yosiyana kwa Anzawo zochepa otukuka. Pamutu iwo sintsefalon anapanga chifukwa cha accretion wa woyamba zigawo zitatu. The forelimbs akusinthika mu maxilliped bwino kupeza chakudya. Komanso, zinabala ziwiri chambered m'mimba.

Tsopano tiyeni tione pa aliyense payekha kalasi. Kenako, mudzaphunzila mayina ambiri crustacean malo, kapangidwe ndi njira ntchito zawo ndi mwamuna.

Komanso, inu Adzaperekedwa kukula crustacean chimphona, ukulu wa forelimbs, umene ufikira mamita atatu ndi hafu.

Kotero, ichi ndi nkhanu zikuluzikulu?

Oimira yaikulu ya

"Giant Nkhanu" amadziwika zikhalidwe zambiri za dziko. Today ife kulankhula za weniweni, osati oimira lodziwika bwino kwa kalasi.

Choncho, choyamba crustacean chachikulu kufanana mu mndandanda - ndi nkhanu Tasmanian. Anthu mitundu kulemera makilogalamu khumi ndi zitatu. Carapace ali ku mita hafu m'lifupi. Iye amakhala pa alumali yuzhnoavstraliyskom pa akuya mamita kuchokera zana ndi mazana atatu. Ugwire chilichonse choyenda pang'onopang'ono kuposa iye. Starfish ndi nkhono amapanga zambiri za chakudya.

Chimphona lotsatira - mfumu nkhanu. Izi nkhanu mfumu ku nkhanu kudzipatula. Poyamba imapezeka ku Far East. Koma mu makumi asanu ndi awiri a zaka mazana makumi awiri kuti anakwanitsa asamukire ku Nyanja Barents. Tsopano, nkhanu amenewa akupezeka pafupi ndi gombe la Norway ndi Spitsbergen.

Pambuyo iwo anakhala ku malo atsopano, Kamchatka nkhanu anayamba kuchulukitsa mofulumira ndi kuwononga zomera. Komanso lalikulu ndithu. Kutalika kwa amalire chikhato chimodzi ndi mamita theka, ndi kulemera kwa amuna - mpaka makilogalamu eyiti. mfundozi awiri anathandiza chakuti nkhanu zakhala chandamale mitundu. Mu chaka cha nsomba zawo matani oposa zikwi khumi ndi ziwiri zokha mu Russia.

Koma ngwazi, amene akhoza Mosakayikira kudzitama kalasi nkhanu, izi Japanese kangaude nkhanu. zida zace, komanso anthu yapita, pafupi theka la mita lonse. Koma nthambi kupeta zitatu - mamita atatu ndi hafu. Kulemera kwa toyesa yaikulu kungakhale kwa makilogalamu makumi awiri. Presumable moyo - za zana.

Mwachizolowezi gombe ili yaikulu Japan pa akuya mamita kwa mazana atatu. Ngakhale anthu ena ndaona ndi mamita mazana asanu pansi pa madzi.

Iwo amagwiritsa mtundu wa crustacean, osati chakudya komanso zolinga kukongoletsa ndi sayansi.

madzi oyera nsomba zazinkhanira

Kuwonjezera oimira m'madzi a m'kalasi, monga nkhanu, lobusitara ndi lobusitara, crustacean cholengedwa angakhale mu madzi abwino. Pakati pa mitundu ambiri Dziwani izi: mtsinje shirokopaly ndi chizindikiro nsomba zazinkhanira.

Choyamba, mpaka posachedwapa, sizachilendo pafupifupi madzi onse European. Koma mwamsanga unayamba kuda chifukwa cha mliri ndi yobereka rachey American toyesa mtundu.

Kukula shirokopalyh khansa liwutamira padziko masentimita makumi awiri. mtundu wobiriwira zofiirira ndi zofiirira ndi kulocha buluu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti athetse okha m'madzi oyera. Ngati sali mu yapafupi mtsinje kapena nyanja, ndiye mankhwala zakhudzana malo.

Nkhanu kalasi ali ndi maonekedwe zambiri lokwanira. Signal nsomba zazinkhanira ang'onoang'ono pang'ono kuposa mnzake ake European, koma losiyana umoyo ndi anatengera bwino.

Kudya nsomba zazinkhanira detritus. Chitakhazikitsidwa pa pansi pa mosungiramo zotsalira za zolengedwa akufa moyo, komanso kumaliseche awo.

Signal nsomba zazinkhanira opezeka lero m'mayiko oposa makumi awiri ndi asanu European. Mu Russia, amadziwika yekha mu dera Kaliningrad.

ndi coexistence awa mitundu iwiri ya vuto ndi kuti nsomba zazinkhanira American si anakhudzidwa ndi bowa kuchititsa Hrachya mliri, koma iwo ali onyamula matenda ena. Choncho, maonekedwe awo akamasintha ziro mu dziwe Mwina kupulumuka mu izo shirokopalogo khansa.

Nkhanu, nkhanu za mtundu, nkhanu

M'madzi nkhanu, mosiyana mtsinje, zambiri zosiyanasiyana. Wotchuka kwambiri mu nsomba za ankaona nkhanu, nkhanu za mtundu, nkhanu za mtundu, nkhanu, ndi mitundu ina.
Tsopano timalankhula za iwo pang'ono.

Omar - crustacean, a m'banja la decapod. Iye ali mu maonekedwe ofanana kwambiri nsomba zazinkhanira lapansi. Koma forelimbs ake wokulirapo monga kutalika kwa torso ndi. The lobusitara waukulu anatengedwera ku gombe la Scotland. kulemera kwake kunali magalamu 150 makilogalamu 20.

Nkhanu za mtundu ngati chiombankhanga lobusitara koma iwo ali ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Kutalika thupi ukufika masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Nyama zimenezi akuti ndi chakudya chokoma.

Mu nkhanu dzina chachiwiri - yochepa tailed nkhanu. Iwo amakhala pafupifupi nyengo. Mbali yaikulu ndi chakuti pamimba pafupifupi pamodzi chelyustegrudyu. A miyendo m'chiuno ntchito atanyamula mwana wa ng'ombe.

Nkhanu zatenga limodzi mwa magawo asanu a nsomba asodzi, amene ali ndi chidwi nkhanu. Zitsanzo za izi angapezeke pafupifupi m'mayiko onse. Iwo amakodwa ndi dzanja, Intaneti, misampha wapadera. Makulidwe izi osiyanasiyana kalasi kwa ana ndi masentimita angapo Pasanapite nthawi Japanese chimphona nkhanu.

Nkhanu alinso decapod. Ukulu wa thupi lawo ranges ku masentimita awiri makumi atatu. Ngati nkhanu, iwo amatenga mbali yaikulu msika nsomba.

krill

Krill - mawu zinachokera ku chinenero Dutch. Kumatanthauza "asatipusitsenso". Choncho, zimenezi zimaphatikizapo onse nkhanu ang'ono ndi nkhono. Zitsanzo: Arctic, ndi Pacific, Africa krill. Popeza mitundu mokwanira, ndipo cholinga chake chachikulu - kudyetsa nyama zikuluzikulu, anamutcha iye zausodzi madera.

Ambiri monga Norway, Pacific ndi North Atlantic krill.

nsomba wochititsidwa ndi trawlers, pamene iye anali pomwepo kukonzedwa mu ufa kapena zii.

Choncho, okondedwa, lero ife tikuyidziwa peculiarities wa subtype ili ngati nkhanu. Komanso tinaphunzira za zing'onozing'ono oimira ake, zosakwana chakhumi cha centimeter a. Komanso anakumana ndi chimphona amene akulemera pogwiritsa makumi awiri, ndipo miyendo yake kupeta mpaka mamita anayi. Ndipo tinaphunzira za zakudya mtengo kwambiri nsomba, ndi kilogalamu zomwe ndalama zokwana mayuro 150.

Zabwino zonse kwa inu, wokondedwa owerenga!