Concept ndi mitundu ya ntchito za lamulo, gulu

M'mbiri ake, mtundu wa anthu wayesera kuti kuyambitsa mwambo kwambiri zinchito ndi zothandiza malamulo asapita mwa anthu. Poyamba, amenewa anali chiwawa. Kudzera nkhondo ndi kupha anathana kwambiri nkhani kuyambika. Koma posakhalitsa anthu anazindikira kuti mofananamo iwo kuvulaza okha okha. Choncho, chiwawa ndi posachedwa m'malo ndi mbali wamkulu wa chipembedzo. Kumene, njira imeneyi zambiri yopindulitsa ndipo imayenera, ngakhale anali mbali zake zoipa. Kugonjera kwa mwamtheradi zonse unagona chikhalidwe adzakhala osadziwika nzeru kuposa chinalepheretsa zamoyo wa anthu.

Mosakayikira zimenezi zinali untenable. Motero, anthu anazindikira kuti njira yabwino zonse ubale wina ndi mzake mwa malamulo amavomereza kapena malamulo. ulamuliro Posakhalitsa anapindula kutchuka kwambiri ndipo anatchedwa bwino. Tikumbukenso kuti ufulu lero ndi yang'anira waukulu ubale chikhalidwe. chitukuko cha m'ma XXI anafika pachimake, kuti amalola kuti kudziletsa pafupifupi m'magulu onse a zochita za anthu. Choncho, pomwe amagwiritsa ntchito amene anapanga malamulo pa moyo wathu. Kuti mfundo ndi mitundu ya zinthu chingaoneke mwa ife m'nkhani ino.

Kodi ndi bwino?

Musanayambe kusankha mfundo ndi mitundu ya ntchito za lamulo, m'pofunika kuti tipeze chimene lamulo ambiri. Mawu amenewa ali ndi kuchuluka kwa matanthauzo, koma Nkhani idzakhala ankaimira kwambiri zachikhalidwe. Malinga ndi iye, lamanja - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa owongolera kiyi ubale chikhalidwe. Ndi miyambo yokhala kumatanthauza dongosolo la kuvomerezedwa ndi chosakayikitsa mfundo za dziko khalidwe. Malamulo awa akuyendera akuyendetsa anthu.

luntha la chilamulo

Chidwi n'chakuti kumvetsetsa chilamulo zimadalira makamaka view ongolankhula. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ena kuzindikira bwino ndi boma. Malinga ndi iwo, magulu awiriwa sitingapeze kulibe kwayekha, chifukwa lamanja ovomerezeka ndipo analenga zoona, boma. Otsatira njira ongolankhula amati chabwino - chopereka malangizo onse m'dziko anapatsidwa. Maganizo amenewo si wopanda maganizo, popeza malamulo malamulo alipo ndendende mu PPA. Choncho, kumvetsa lamulo amadalira pa wina kusukulu ongolankhula, ngakhale ena dongosolo ambiri aliko.

Zizindikiro lamulo monga yang'anira ubale chikhalidwe

Zolinga ndi ntchito ufulu chifukwa cha mlili mbali iwo amene chibadidwe mlanduwu asapita yang'anira anthu. Komabe, m'magazini ino palibe umodzi ongolankhula njira. Monga ulamuliro, akatswiri apeza ndi zizindikiro ambiri chilamulo, akuti:

• Lamulo khalidwe, ndiye ntchito ya kumanja amagwera ambiri nkhani.
• Chitsimikizo kukwaniritsidwa pa mbali ya boma.
• Zolimbana kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ambiri amavomereza khalidwe.
• Volitional ndi ozindikira chikhalidwe, ie, lamanja zimachokera kwa anthu.
• Choyesera.
• Ofunda matanthauzo.

Popeza zizindikiro m'nkhaniyo, tinganene kuti chilamulo si chodabwitsa zokhudza ulamuliro mkati, ndipo dongosolo Integrated ndi m'malo chidwi kuti amachita zinthu zingapo zochititsa yake.

ntchito bwino

Choncho, kodi ndi ntchito za lamulo? Nthawi yomweyo ayenera amatchula kuti chinthu ndi ntchito ya lamulo - mfundo ndi inextricably zogwirizana. phunziro ndi kuika ubale malamulo omwe imatsatira malonda makamaka malamulo. Ntchito A - ndi malangizo a ntchito ndi malamulo. Monga mmene kumapeto, mbali zinchito ndi zimenenso banal inalamula yeniyeni ubale chikhalidwe. nkhani yolembedwa izi bwinobwino inachokera mu munda makamaka za chilamulo kapena makampani.

Choncho, kuganizira koposa zonse, tinganene kuti ntchito ya lamulo - izi ndi malangizo chifungulo cha chikoka pa anthu kapena zina asapita chikhalidwe. Ndi chikoka munakwanisa kuona cholinga chenicheni cha aliyense wa makampani malamulo ndi phindu lake kwa anthu. Tidziwanso kuti ku mfundo ongolankhula maganizo ntchito - ndizosowa lamanja.

Zinthu amakhala ntchito malamulo

Ntchito yalamulo, mfundo ndi gulu la amene anapereka mu nkhaniyi, zinthu zingapo amakhala. Kudzera mwa iwo mukhoza kuona kufunika ndi mphamvu ya kulamulira malamulo kwenikweni. Choncho, ntchito ndi katundu zotsatirazi, akuti:

- mndandanda wa ntchito limasonyeza cholinga chenicheni cha ulamuliro malamulo ndi osiyanasiyana ubale zimenezo zinakhudza;

- Monga ulamuliro, ntchito ndi zonse, wosasintha;

- ntchito bwino kusonyeza kumene anthu sangathe kusintha m'njira zina ndi ufulu;

- nkhani iliyonse ntchito payekha yodziwika ndi zolinga zazikulu kusintha, zolinga ndi malangizo chachikulu, malingana ndi kusintha pang'ono mu dera ubale osiyanasiyana umoyo malamulo;

- mosachotsera mbali zonse amakhala mu dongosolo lililonse limene amatilola kulankhula za kachitidwe kawo;

Tikumbukenso polingalira katundu pamwamba pa ntchito malamulo a chilamulo zidzasankhidwa, malingana ndi gawo mafakitale. Ndiko kuti, ena ntchito a makampani chomwecho, winayo - pa ena. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tingalankhule padera za mayendedwe a Ntchito yalamulo ntchito, utsogoleri, boma, zigawenga ndi zina zotero. N. Komanso, khalidwe zokhudza zonse za udindo ndi ufulu ambiri limachititsa m'kagulu madera osiyanasiyana kanthu pa maziko a zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pepala muyezo zosiyanasiyana Adzaperekedwa, komanso ntchito makamaka mu ena mafakitale.

Gawo

ntchito bwino ndi chikhalidwe wapawiri za cholinga zolimbana. Mu mawu osavuta, chilamulo ndi onse chodabwitsa malamulo ndi mwangwiro chikhalidwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mfundo ndi mitundu ya ufulu ntchito tidzakambirana mwa prism awa awiri udindo mwapadera. Asayansi ndi theorists lero zosiyanasiyana lonse lathu zinchito lagawidwa motere: onse wagawo chikhalidwe ndi mwapadera malamulo.

lathu ambiri chikhalidwe

General ntchito chikhalidwe ndi kutsimikizira anasonyeza ntchito za malamulo lamulo zochita za anthu. Iwo mwachindunji kusonyeza lamulo m'madera munthu, amene zokayikitsa funsani makampani malamulo. Choncho, unit ambiri chikhalidwe limatchula nambala ntchito zotsatirazi, akuti:

1) Political. Mbali imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha chitukuko cha masiku moyo ndale ndi chikhalidwe. Izo kumaonekera lamulo cha ubale pakati pomwe boma, ndale, magulu achipembedzo ndi magulu ena okhudzidwa amene ali nawo ndondomeko za mowa kupanga, ndi akusinthana chuma. Komanso, ntchito ndale zoona, ndiyo kuli ngati guarantor ufulu ndi kumasulika kwa nzika ubale izi.

2) Ntchito chuma kumanja alipo kukhalabe wathanzi nyengo ndalama boma. Pankhaniyi, lamulo malamulo imatsogoleredwa makamaka pa kuwongolera kanthu mabungwe malonda. Tikumbukenso kuti malangizo cha ndalama zambiri anakhudzidwa ndi mumaganiza lonse. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma XXI, mayiko ambiri kukalowa msika dziko. Choncho, banja lonse m'mayiko amenewa kaamba cha zochita msika chuma.

3) Ntchito yophunzitsa za malamulo umalimbana kumanga kuzindikira za gulu maubale a chilungamo ndi dzuwa la alipo maganizo boma.

4) Mfundo yakuti lamulo kuthandiza chitukuko cha dziko, malingaliro mbiri anapanga ndi mfundo, limachititsa kulankhula kuli mbali chikhalidwe.

5) kulamulira Social ndi imodzi mwa ntchito za lamulo. Izo kumaonekera Kukwezeleza ndi posungira zochita n'kosaloleka kwa ophunzira mu maubale.

Choncho, ufulu ntchito, lingaliro ndi gulu la zimene zili m'nkhani, mu zinthu zambiri, osati zonse m'madera malamulo a zochita za anthu. M'mawu ena, onse mumaganiza chikhalidwe kulola dongosolo milandu yosokoneza m'dzikoli.

Ntchito lathu mwapadera malamulo

Ngati ambiri ntchito zokhudza ufulu zikusonyeza zotsatira za gawo si malamulo, ndi mwapadera malamulo - ndi zitsanzo fanizo la nkhani zimene zimathandiza lamulo kwenikweni ntchito. M'mawu ena, iwo amatchedwa wapadera chifukwa amene amayendetsa kapangidwe mkati mwa lamulo ndipo ubwenzi wake ndi zinthu structural. Pakali pano, akatswiri apeza zotsatirazi ntchito mwapadera-malamulo, akuti:

1) Ntchito zolimbana ndi chimake cha mphamvu ya malamulo wonse. Monga tanena kale m'nkhani ino, lamanja - ndi yang'anira waukulu ubale chikhalidwe. Kudzera mwa chifaniziro cha ntchito imene ali a mtima mphamvu ya mphindi zina zimene zimachitika mmadera. kugwirizana Direct ya maubale mwa makampani zalamulo. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito ya malamulo ntchito makamaka malamulo chifukwa momvetsera imperious a boma padzafunika, chifukwa mabungwe udindo mu gawo ntchito poyamba underdeveloped.

2) ntchito zoteteza pa ndime ndi zolimbana ndi mbali imodzi yofunika kwambiri. Kudzera ikuchitika kupondereza zodabwitsa zoipa, kubwezeretsa ufulu chosemphana ndi kubweretsa chilungamo amachirikiza zochita n'kosaloleka. Ndi nchito imeneyi, lamanja amakhala alipo boma malamulo m'dziko ndi kupondereza kuchita chilichonse chimene kupitirira ukulu. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito za lamulo utsogoleri chifukwa ambiri a zolimbana. Choncho ndikofunika kupereka chikhalidwe, osati analamula komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri "yabwino" mwandondomeko. Kapangidwe ka malangizo oteteza komanso secrete ena owonjezera, yeniyeni, wothandiza zinchito nthambi. Mwa amenewa ndi: m'malo, Chilango, compensatory ndi ntchito mopambanitsa.

Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito ndi ntchito zabwino zagwiridwa ndi ntchito yapadera wa nzika za mtundu winawake ubale chikhalidwe. Ponena za malangizo zodzitetezera zanyengo structural khama zochita zawo zokha m'njira ina amene Adzaperekedwa hereinafter.

Imagwiritsidwa ntchito zoteteza

Ntchito ya malamulo utsogoleri, kapena makampani ena aliwonse amene ndiwofatsa mu chikhalidwe, amagulitsidwa mwa njira zina. Akatswiri ambiri amaika patsogolo chiphunzitso chakuti popanda malamulo anapereka m'munsimu kunali kosatheka kuti amadza lenileni pa anthu. M'mawu ena, zotsatira zoipa izo sizingatheke kuthetseratu, ndipo makamaka kubwezeretsa mphamvu wosweka wa nkhani. Mitundu zotsatirazi kukhazikitsa zigwire chibwenzi, akuti:

1) Information. Kudzera mawonekedwe kufala kwa mudziwe ikuchitika ndi boma kwa nzika munthu wa kumanja kupanga maganizo awo za boma malamulo alipo, malamulo amene ayenera kumveredwa.

2) lathu mawonekedwe mwachindunji ndi kulanda zambiri, chifukwa chidziwitso cha nzika za boma malamulo alipo zimawathandiza kuumba malangizo awo khalidwe. Otsiriza, nayenso, ayenera kuteteza anthu kupanga zolakwa iliyonse.

3) zolimbana - mawonekedwe, amene kumaonekera mu dziko lenileni pali wapadera nzika za lamulo, kuti kuchipembedzo ake imperious wa anthu agwirire khalidwe lonse ndi anthu.

4) mawonekedwe An ndi zovuta ndi malamulo oletsa walola, imene anthu amasankha abwino kwambiri "nkhani" khalidwe la.

Pomaliza

Choncho, m'nkhani tinaonetsa mfundo ndi mitundu ya ntchito malamulo. Tikumbukenso kuti nkhani zimene zimakambidwa mowirikiza kuphunzira ndi asayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipotu, kupyolera ntchito kwenikweni akuyendera ntchito yaikulu ya ufulu, zimene zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe chake - lamulo ubale chikhalidwe.