Chiwindi: gulu, zizindikiro, chithandizo ndi zotsatirapo

Chiwindi, ndi gulu limene m'nkhani ino, ndi mutu otentha kwambiri mankhwala amakono, monga matenda pakati pa anthu kufalitsa kwambiri ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matenda si kuonekera ndipo akufotokozera zobisika. Pali chiopsezo matenda. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe opatsirana. Komanso, matenda yaitali loyenda angathe kuutsa sizingasinthe kusintha fibrotic mu chiwindi ndipo anasonyeza mwa insufficiency kwa chiwindi, amene zambiri osachiritsika.

mitundu ya chiwindi

chiwindi ndi chiyani? Gawo ikukhudza mitundu zotsatirazi matenda: matenda kapena chikhalidwe tizilombo. Medicine allocated ake mitundu zisanu zofunika A, B, C, D, E, yomwe INGATHE kuyambitsa kutupa chiwindi. Komanso, chiwindi kungakhale vuto la matenda a chikhalidwe opatsirana, monga cytomegalovirus, mumps, chikuku, ndi ena.

Kodi chiwindi chiyambi poizoni? gulu pazikhalanso kudwala, kukhala atamwa mankhwala mowa, ndi ziphe. Mwa mankhwala adzalandira mkulu kawopsedwe mankhwala ntchito pa matenda a TB, mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa, sulfonamides, depressants mankhwala mfundo, odana ndi kulanda ndi zotupa khansa. mitundu Autoimmune za matenda kawirikawiri zimakhala etiology chosadziwika. chitetezo cha m'thupi amayamba kuukira ake maselo chiwindi mwini. Malinga ndi maphunziro a matenda ndi mwambo kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya matenda:

1. Chiwindi mu mawonekedwe pachimake. Zikuoneka mwadzidzidzi ndipo chimaoneka mu kuledzera, malungo, matenda a chikasu ndiyo wa khungu, koma osati milandu onse. chitsanzo ichi kwambiri tizilombo matenda a chiwindi ndi chikhalidwe poizoni. Ngati wodwala m'njira yake kuonana ndi akatswiri, pambuyo maonekedwe pachimake nthawi zambiri pali wathunthu kuchira.
2. Mawonekedwe aakulu. Zingakhale ndi zotsatira za kuvulala pachimake, njira autoimmune chifukwa cha mowa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso yaitali mankhwala wothandizila hepatotoxic. Komanso, tizilombo matenda a chiwindi B ndi C angathe yomweyo monga matenda chachikulu aakulu. Pakuti matenda yodziwika ndi zizindikiro zidzachotsedwa. Choncho, matenda zimadza mochedwa kwambiri, pamene chiwindi zinawonongeka kwambiri.

Waukulu kufala njira

Opatsirana HIV ndi maonekedwe chabe. Pamene nthenda ili imafalikira m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• ndi manja zonyansa;
• kudzera ziwiya zakhudzana ndi chakudya.

Mu njira iyi chimafikira chiwindi A ndi E. Komanso, kulanda amapezeka ndi kukhudzana ndi magazi a munthu amene akudwalayo. Pa nkhani imeneyi, kuopseza zonyamula zozipakapaka, pedicure, zizindikiro, kuboola thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala jekeseni, ndi zina zotero. D. Mtundu wa HIV ndi chibadidwe tizilombo matenda a chiwindi B, C, D. kufala kugonana amathanso kuwonjezera mavairasi B, C, D.

symptomatology chiwindi

Kodi chiwindi B? Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi monga:

• okwera thupi kutentha;
• kupweteka kwa nusu chapamwamba kumanja;
• jaundiced khungu ndi maso;
• colorless ndowe;
• khungu kuyabwa;
• nseru;
• mdima mkodzo;
• asthenia.

Komabe, tisaiwale kuti zizindikiro izi si nthawi zonse kuwonetseredwa. Nthawi zina, matenda ndi chobisika, ndipo adazindikira mwa munthu monga indisposition pang'ono.

chiwindi A

Ngati munthu anadandaula kwa kumverera akudwala, chinawonjezeka kutentha thupi, ndi mkodzo umakhala mdima (mtundu akufanana ndi Brew mphamvu), n'zotheka akuganiza chitukuko cha matenda monga a chiwindi A. Mtundu wa malungo, limodzi ndi matenda m'mimba ntchito kapepala kumachitika, nseru , kusanza, kulemera m'mimba ndi hypochondria bwino. Patapita kanthawi, mdima mkodzo, khungu ndi sclera kukhala jaundiced, ndowe amakhala colorless. Pambuyo kuoneka matenda a chikasu ndiyo, chikhalidwe wamba munthu chikusintha.

kutayipa B

Atamwa matenda a chiwindi B ndi matenda opatsirana. chikuoneka amakwiya HIV. Iye ali ponseponse ndipo zingakhudze aliyense. Chiwindi B HIV makamaka adatengedwa ndi magazi. Mawonekedwe a matenda aakulu angathe kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu ndi ku imfa. Choncho n'kofunika kwambiri kuti matenda yake ndi kuchiza matenda. Zizindikiro za matenda B kumachitika mu nthawi makulitsidwe 12-sabata. Against HIV, pali ngakhale katemera amene angathe molondola kuteteza motsutsana chitukuko matenda.

Zizindikiro za matendawa

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda B? The kachedwedwe nthawi matenda amatenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Zizindikiro adzawonekera mu sabata la 12. Odwala amadandaula asthenia, anorexia, nseru, kulemera mu hypochondrium bwino. Mkodzo mdima ndi foams, ndowe brightens. Pali ali ndi ululu molumikiza, mkhutu ntchito m'mimba. Thupi kutentha ndi kuchuluka.

chiwindi C

Koopsa ndi chiwindi C? Ndi opatsirana matenda a chiwindi kuti amayamba ndi mavairasi. Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi kachilombo. Kawirikawiri amapezeka achinyamata amene akudwala. mlingo zochitika wakhala likunena kuwonjezeka pa zaka khumi zapitazi. Chiwindi C HIV kamafalikira kudzera m'magazi. Kodi pali zizindikiro momveka bwino za matenda C? Nthawi zambiri matenda akufotokozera pang'onopang'ono ndipo aakulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi asymptomatic.

Kodi matenda monga a chiwindi C ndipo zotsatira zake? Matendawa akhoza kusokoneza thirakiti m'mimba ndi chiwindi ndi sizikutha. Ndi, poyamba, mwangwiro n'ngochiritsika ndi asatayike ano. Koopsa ndi chiwindi C? Zingayambitse chiwindi matenda enaake. Komanso, katemera alipo ndi matenda sizinachitike anatulukira, koma matenda angathe kupewedwa.

Kodi mtundu wa matenda?

ndi zizindikiro za matenda C chiyani? Ambiri, matenda akhoza wachinsinsi monga asymptomatic. Chimaonekabe mwa ngozi. Nthawi zambiri, odwala amadandaula asthenia, koma wolema chikhalidwe cha zizindikirozo. ululu Chimaonekera malo. Amowabu kuwonjezeka chiwindi ndi ndulu kukula. Kodi kukhala zovuta ndi chiwindi C? The zotsatira za akuluakulu. Mmodzi wa aakulu ndi matenda enaake. Pamene zikuoneka jaundiced m'maso ndi pakhungu, m'mimba amawonjezereka kangaude unkakhala, kumaonjezera kutopa.

kusintha D

matenda amayamba ndi matenda a chiwindi D. The causative chamoyo sangathe kukhala mu thupi yekha. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pamafunika nawo otchedwa mthandizi. Amenewa ndi chiwindi B HIV kudalirana kwa mavairasi awiri zingachititse matenda, zimene zimaonetsa otaya lolemera. Infection zambiri kumachitika mwa magazi ndi kudzera syringes mankhwala. Salamulidwa kunja njira kugonana, komanso kufala kwa HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wosabadwayo. odwala onse anakhudzidwa ndi HIV B, ndi chiwopsezo kwa chiwindi D.

zizindikiro

Kodi chiwindi D? Wodwala nkhawa malungo. Amowabu ululu chiwindi, mu maondo ena mfundo zazikulu. Pakhala madandaulo a nseru. Anthu, palibe njala. Iye lethargic ndipo anafooka.

chiwindi E

Poyamba, kudziwa mtundu umenewu matenda sikuli kwa gulu kapena gulu B. limagwirira a HIV - fecal anthu wodwala. HIV alowa m'thupi kudzera madzi oipa, osachepera - kudzera osasamba. Kudwala mtundu uwu chiwindi, achinyamata zaka 15-29. Makamaka, mawonekedwe yafalikira m'mayiko nyengo yotentha ndi osauka kudya madzi. Mapa matenda yabwino. Kupatulapo ndi akazi amene ali pa miyezi itatu yomalizira ya mayi wapakati.

Mbali yaikulu ya

Matendawa kumaonekera masitepe. nthawi apafupi ndi matenda a chikasu ndiyo, amakhala ndi kufooka, chizungulire, utachepa kudya. Kawirikawiri amalembedwa kunyansidwa ndi kusanza. Chiwindi E angasonyeze yokoka mu pomwe hypochondrium pamwamba kapena pamimba. Ululu akhoza kukhala mwina wofatsa kapena pachimake. Thupi kutentha amakhalabe malire. Makulitsidwe kumatenga masiku 9.

Iwo ananenso wonongeka kwa chiwindi, amene panayambira gawo icteric. Mkodzo darkens, kumachititsa cal. Khungu ndi sclera maso kutembenukira wachikasu. Complete magazi mapulogalamu kuchuluka bilirubin. Wodwala ukuwawa khungu kuyabwa. Zofooka ndi nseru kusungidwa. Chiwindi ndi kuchuluka kukula. Kutalika kwa matenda ndi masabata 1-3.

chiwindi G

Izi mawonekedwe a matenda ambiri. Mu Russia, ndi exciter pafupipafupi ndi wofanana 2%, ku likulu la Russia, ndi 8%. Monga madokotala tikambirane chiwindi G ndi mng'ono za matenda C. imafalikira mu njira yomweyo monga yotsirizira - kupyolera mu magazi. miliri anali pakati pa anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Osati lilibe ndi kufala kugonana matendawa, komanso kulanda HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

symptomatology

Wodwala anadandaula kusowa chilakolako cha ululu mu hypochondrium bwino. Mkodzo darkens ndipo kumachititsa cal. Nthawi zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha kunyansidwa ndi kusanza. Umayamba kusonyeza matenda a chikasu ndiyo. Yellow pakamwa ndi m'maso. Khungu limaperekanso yellowness. Kuchuluka mlingo wa bilirubin m'magazi. Chiwindi ndi kuchuluka kukula. Nthawi zina, ndondomeko ndi mmenenso ndi ndulu ya. Matendawa akhoza kukhala aakulu. Pamene pamodzi ndi chiwindi ndi C matenda lingachititse chitukuko cha matenda enaake.

matenda Botkin a

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya bata za matenda A. Kutalika kwa makulitsidwe a matenda ndi chimodzi ndi miyezi theka. Man mosavuta atengeke matenda. Wagwidwa thupi lake HIV kamayambitsa matenda mokakamizidwa. matenda Izi ndi 20% ya chiwerengero wamkulu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhudza anthu m'dzinja. Pa nthawi ino ya chaka kugwa theka matenda onse.

autoimmune chiwindi

Chiwindi, imene ikukhudza gulu la mitundu isanu ikuluikulu, palinso ndi autoimmune. Timanena za mwatsatanetsatane. Autoimmune chiwindi - Patsogolo mawonekedwe a kutupa chiwindi. Matendawa ali ndi makhalidwe mpweya wambiri wa chitetezo mu magazi ndi hypergammaglobulinemia. periportal chiwindi akhoza matenda kuphunzira Histological minofu chiwindi. Iwo amakhala ndi sitepe kapena tsankho necrosis. Izi chiwindi a etiology osadziwika. Disease m'kati mofulumira ndithu. Zikhoza kuyambitsa khansa chiwindi, matenda oopsa zipata, kulephera chiwindi ndi ngakhale imfa.

Popeza zizindikiro pathognomonic ali anati mu autumn, pamene chiphunzitso cha matenda monga a chiwindi autoimmune, m'pofunika kuti achotse chiwindi aakulu tizilombo, matenda Wilson, hemochromatosis, mankhwala ndi chiwindi mowa, chiwindi dystrophy mopanda mowa chikhalidwe cha chiyambi cha m'thupi la matenda, kukhalapo ndi matenda enaake biliary ndi chachikulu matenda cholangitis .

matenda angayambe odwala a zaka zosiyana: kwa miyezi 9 ndi kutha zaka 77. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri matenda odwala wamng'ono kuposa zaka 40. Autoimmune chiwindi akhoza matenda molondola. Gawo limodzi la odwala ndi matenda concomitant. Pakati pawo ndi Hashimoto a thyroiditis, anam'peza matenda a m'matumbo, synovitis, thyrotoxicosis. Mwatsoka, autoimmune mawonekedwe a chiwindi amawapeza 25% milandu pamisinkhu kenako, pamene matenda ndi matenda enaake.

Gulu la matenda ICD

Monga mankhwala anagawa mitundu matenda monga a chiwindi? Gawo ICD adzatenge mndandanda malamulo anu makonzedwe:

1. B15 - ndi pachimake mawonekedwe a chiwindi A.
2. B16 - ndi pachimake mawonekedwe a chiwindi B.
3. B17 - zina pachimake tizilombo matenda a chiwindi chikhalidwe.
4. B18 - chiwindi tizilombo mu mawonekedwe aakulu.
5. B19 - tizilombo matenda a chiwindi chiyambi osadziwika.

Kodi zotsatira zingachititse chiwindi?

Infection ndi chiwindi kumafuna nthawi makulitsidwe: nthawi kuyambira chiyambi cha malowedwe a HIV mu magazi pamaso zizindikiro woyamba wa matendawa. ndondomeko iyi imalimbikitsa ndi alibe maselo chiwindi. M'njira chiwindi A, B, C nthawi ya nthawi imeneyi akhoza zimasiyana masiku 10-20 kwa 100-200, amene anatsimikiza ndi zifukwa zambiri.

Kukula kwa chiwindi amapezeka mu gawo pachimake. Mawonetseredwe woyamba wa matenda kungakhale kwambiri ndi noticeable. Nthawi zina pali mphezi-kudya chitukuko kungachititse wodwalayo imfa. Lusoli zidzachitika, ndi kuchira. Izi zimachitika pamene HIV m'thupi, ndi maselo chiwindi kubwerera mwakale.

ndi maonekedwe a chiwindi chiyani? Kuchira amapezeka milandu onse, zotupa za thupi pachimake chiwindi A ndipo ambiri a milandu chiwindi B. Ngati satero, ndiye mawonekedwe aakulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chimene pachimake mawonekedwe a n'kuyamba kufooka mu chosatha, - wofooka chitetezo. Komabe, tanthauzo lomveka la anthu omwe anabwera ayambe, ndiponso amene alibe - zovuta.

Mawonekedwe aakulu akufotokozera mu 20% milandu matenda a chiwindi B HIV, ndi osachepera lathunthu milandu chiwindi C. Kuti apange matenda owopsa anafotokoza mawonekedwe fulminant. N'kovuta kwambiri (1% ya milandu chiwindi A kapena B). Zimenezi zingachititse kuti imfa.

Ndi zotsatira zowawa cha matenda a chiwindi B mu mawonekedwe monga kwa chiwindi matenda enaake ndi khansa (hepatocellular carcinoma). Vuto monga matenda enaake, taonera 20% milandu cha matenda a chiwindi B ndi C mawonekedwe tizilombo matenda nthawi zambiri zoyambitsa matenda a khansa komanso kukhala chinthu chachikulu chomwe kupatsidwa zina chiwindi.

Chiopsezo imfa pamaso pa chiwindi aakulu 15 50%. Chiwindi matenda enaake 50% odwala osautsika ndi mawonekedwe aakulu kufa pasanathe zaka 5. matenda Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa khumi utsogoleri wa imfa ya anthu wamwamuna wa mayiko osauka.

Pankhani chithandizo, mawonekedwe pachimake sikutanthauza chithandizo ndi mankhwala mavairasi oyambitsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo zakonzedwa ndi aakulu. Tikaphatikiza chithandizo limapangidwa yopereka kwa interferon mtima, imene pa mlingo wa maselo kumapangitsanso thupi kulimbana ndi kachilombo, ndi nucleosides kuti mmalo molekyulu zakuthupi tizilombo chibadwa.

Kodi pali katemera aliyense wa matendawa?

Panthawi mu Russia, m'mayiko ena Western, lodziwika amakonda chitetezo chokwanira ndondomeko zopewera. Mu mawu ena - katemera. Amatipatsa thupi asanazolowere matenda ngakhale anakumana ndi gwero la matenda. Anthu ambiri amakayikira ngati n'zotheka katemera motsutsana a chiwindi B? Chibwenzi, katemera yapangidwa ndi mtundu A. The mankhwala ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya dzuwa.

Katemera motsutsana a chiwindi A likuwonetsedwa ana ndi akulu amene kale ankadwala matenda, ndipo pafupifupi anthu onse amene asunga matenda osiyanasiyana chiwindi. Katemera Izi sayambitsa mavuto ndipo si pangozi. Katemera Izi kutumikiridwa kawiri pa imeneyi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka. Chitetezo kuonekera patatha mlingo woyamba mu 14 masiku. Chifukwa munthu uyu akhoza kutetezedwa matenda amenewa kwa zaka 10.

Chiwindi B katemera opangidwa ndi kukonza majini. Lili ndi mapuloteni immunogenic. Izi zachitika ndi mu mnofu inoculation wa makanda katatu ndi imeneyi kwa mwezi umodzi pambuyo katemera woyamba ikuchitika mu chipatala, ndi miyezi isanu pambuyo katemera chachiwiri. Pankhaniyi pali chitetezo zomwe ziletsa chitukuko cha matenda mu 99%. Katemera limapereka chitetezo chodalirika kwa zaka 8 ndipo pamwamba. Nthawi zina amateteza thupi moyo.

Katemera motsutsana a chiwindi B ayenera kwa anthu onse, makamaka amene ali pa chiopsezo. ntchito yawo chikugwirizana ndi magazi (madokotala, madokotala, zasayansi amaphunzitsidwa). Kumezetsanitsa Fomu A ndi B tikulimbikitsidwa ndi dokotala. Si anakonza. anthu ambiri konse ndi zinyalala ake. Ngakhale katemera ili kwa ana mwa dongosolo la Russian Ministry of Health wakhala kuvomerezedwa kuyambira 2002.

Kuchokera C chiwindi, mwatsoka, katemera sanayambebe anapanga. Asayansi sanathe kupeza mapuloteni khola HIV, amene akhoza anayamba neutralizing oteteza. Asayansi ambiri akufunafuna njira kulenga mankhwala amenewa, kafukufuku ogwira mderali. Ku Ulaya, zonse kugwira mayesero matenda.

Kodi ine anayesedwa kwa chiwindi?

Anthu ambiri amadabwa komwe amapereka magazi kwa chiwindi. kafukufuku The zingachitike mu malo aliwonse mzinda kapena Boma. Ngati mukukayikira pamaso pa matenda a dokotala wa amatsogolera munthu zasayansi. Matenda, kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito magazi. Kwa mitundu tizilombo matenda anatsimikiza chiwindi D Antigen kapena chitetezo kwa C. HIV komanso Mzimuyo zina chitetezo matendawa.

Likamanena kuti si a matenda etiology, Bungwe la onse ndi amuzolengedwa kusanthula zitsanzo magazi ndi chiwindi. Kwa odwala, kusanthula izi ikuchitika kwaulere ndipo analipira mfundo MHI. Zotsatira ndi dokotala amene anapereka malangizo zasayansi. Iye akuwauza iwo wodwalayo.

Childs, mayesero akutsatiridwa m'zipatala kapena a distilikiti chipatala chimene mgwirizanowo pa wozengereza mwai amenewa. Komanso, zasayansi mayesero kwa chiwindi B kapena C, mukhoza pochitika m'makalasi wapadera kuti kulibe m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Iwo kawirikawiri ntchito molumikizana ndi Center ndi AIDS. Kawirikawiri zimasonyeza mosamala kwa HIV. malo kugwira diagnostics pa maziko aufulu ndi anonymous.

Zimachitika kuti Khadili mwamsanga chofunika. Pankhaniyi, kafukufuku ikuchitika mu Laboratories wa zipatala payekha ndi malo matenda. kufufuza ankachiritsa kwa masiku 1-2, mapeto kuperekedwa kwa wodwala pa dzanja. Pamene yodalirika zabwino pamene kafukufuku ufulu kulongosolerana matenda angathe kuchitidwa ndi yachiwiri pa amalipiritsa maziko. Komanso, ndime ya mayesero kachulukidwe adzapelekedwa. zipatala okha kungakupatseni molondola, kudzibisa ndi liwiro la kafukufuku.

Kodi kuwunika?

kusanthula kuti anali olondola pazipita, magazi wachotsedwa mtsempha wa. Ndondomeko mmawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. The chakudya otsiriza sayenera pasanafike 8-10 maola pamaso kupereka magazi. Masana, ayenera kusiya kumwa zakudya mafuta, zakudya zokometsera, ndi mowa. kuwunika imagwiridwa ndi zasayansi. Pankhaniyi, mogwirizana ndi malamulo onse a ukhondo. Childs, 10 ml ya magazi amatengedwa. mudziwe akhoza kutchulidwa zasayansi kuti pamene kudzakhala kotheka kuti yankho.

Pomaliza

Chiwindi, ndi gulu limene m'nkhani ino, ndi aakulu chiwindi matenda. Zingayambitse mavuto ndi sizikutha ngati mankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Nthawi zina, ngakhale kupangitsa imfa.