Chitoliro cha mbiri: miyeso. Zida zamapope zamapope

Pulogalamu yamakono , miyeso yake yomwe ikufanana ndi GOST, ndi mtundu wa chitoliro cholungidwa. Zogulitsa zoterezi zimasiyana mu mawonekedwe osakhala ofanana, ponena za gawo la mtanda. Ngati mukuziyerekezera ndi zinthu zozungulira, gawo la pipangizo yamakono lingakhale ndi mawonekedwe a oval, square, rectangle kapena makina osakanikirana ndi nkhope zopota.

Kukula kwa ntchito

Pulogalamu yamakono, miyeso yomwe ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri, siyimangidwe kuti ipange mapaipi, koma ndi zomangira zitsulo. Phukusi lakuya lili ndi kuumitsa komweko monga ndodo yonse yazitsulo, zomwe ziri zoona pazomwe ziwerengero za chipangidwe cha mbiriyo zikufanana ndi kukula kwa chitsulo cholimba. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kulemera kwa chipikacho kumakhala 40% poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zonse. Pulogalamu yamakono, miyeso yomwe imawathandiza kuti ipeze mitundu yonse ya mapulojekiti, imachepetsa mtengo ndi kulemera kwa nyumba zitsulo, kusiya ziyeso ndi mphamvu za chikhalidwecho chosasintha. Komabe, ndalama zoterezi zingangopangidwa ngati miyeso ikulamulidwa panthawi yopanga zinthu zamakono.

Kusadalira kwa miyeso ya pipangizo

Pulogalamu yamakono, miyeso yake yomwe yatsimikiziridwa ndi magawo atatu, pakati pawo omwe m'lifupi, kutalika ndi makulidwe a makoma, akhoza kupanga mwanjira inayake. Pogulitsa mafakitale, pali njira zitatu zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito makina omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito, pakati pawo: kutentha kosokoneza, kufotokozera ozizira, komanso kupanga mawonekedwe owonjezeretsa. Ndondomeko yamakono imakhudza njira yowalumikizira, kukula kwa khoma ndi miyeso ina.

Kukula kwazitsulo zotentha

Pulogalamu yamakono, chithunzi cha zomwe mungathe kuziganizira m'nkhaniyi, ikhoza kupangidwa ndi njira yomwe imakhudza zipangizo zamakono zotsekemera. Zinthuzi zimapsa mtima kuti ziwonjezere mapulasitiki, pamene zimatenga mawonekedwe a manja kapena galasi. Anapukuta mwa kupanga ma rollers kuti asinthe mankhwala ndi gawo lozungulira mu chitoliro ndi mbiri inayake. Chinthu chotsirizira cholowa chimalowa mu makina opangira, omwe amanyamula chubu lozungulira kupita kumatope ozungulira, oval kapena square. Pambuyo pa utoto wa workpiece, utakulungidwa pa odzigudubuza. Ngati chitoliro cha pulogalamu yamakono chinapangidwira panthawi yopanga, chithunzi chake chimafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, ndiye kuti kukula kwa gawoli sikukwanitsa kukhala mamitala 60. Ngati tiganiziranso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi GOST 8645-68, ndiye kukula kwakukulu kudzakhala pafupi 20. Nambala yomweyoyi ili ndi GOST 8639-82.

Chotsatira cha miyezo iyi ya boma chikuyesa kukula kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mbiri yapafupi. Pazochitika zonsezi, miyeso ya mtanda imasiyanasiyana kuyambira 60 x 60 mpaka 230 x 100 millimeters. Komabe, mapaipi otentha otentha omwe ali ndi mbiri yapafupi amapereka malire ena a mizere yozungulira. Pachifukwa ichi ndizitali ndi mbali ya 180 millimeters. Ngati chitoliro chopangidwa ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono timapangidwa ndi njira yotentha kwambiri, ndiye kuti potsatira njira yowonjezera yomwe ilipo ndi luso. Pachifukwa ichi, chitoliro chingakhale chala kapena chokhala ndi makina angapo, ndipo chiwerengerocho sichiyenera kukhala osachepera 4 millimita. Malinga ndi makulidwe akuluakulu malinga ndi GOST 8639-82, ndi 14 millimeters.

Kutalika kwa chitoliro cha pulogalamu

Chitoliro chokhala ndi timagulu ting'onoting'ono tingakhale ndi kutalika kwake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chiwerengerochi chikhoza kukhala chimodzimodzi, chomwe chimapereka kufanana kwa gawo lina, kapena kupitirira, zomwe zikutanthauza kupeza magawo mkati mwa gawolo. Ndipo ziribe kanthu mtundu wa chotsiriza chomwe chidzakhala nacho, kukula kwake kwa mankhwala kuchokera pa izi sikudzasintha. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi mamita 4, pamene mtengo wapatali ndi 12.5m.

Miyeso ya mapaipi ozizira ozizira

Chitoliro chojambula chitsulo chingathe kupangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ozizira. Chotsatira chake, n'zotheka kupeza nkhani yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zobisika kusiyana ndi mavesi otsekemera. Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimadziwika kuti katundu wa mankhwalawa ndi chiwerengero cha gawo ndi makulidwe a khoma. Miyeso ya gawolo molingana ndi GOST sangakhoze kukhala osachepera 10 millimita. Chithunzi chachikulu cha nkhope sichiposa 120 millimeters. Motero, chitoliro chazitsulo chosanjikizidwa chachitsulo sichitha kukhala ndi mbiri, zomwe zili zochepa kwambiri kuposa mamita 10x10. Chigawo chachikulu kwambiri cha chitoliro chotere ndi 120x120 millimeters. Pansi pa muyeso uwu, pali zazikulu 17 zofanana, zomwe ziri za GOST 8639-82 a, ndi 16 kukula, kutanthauza GOST 8645-68.

Pulasitiki yamakina otsekemera ozizira, ali ndi khoma lakuya kuchokera pa 1 millimita mpaka 8 millimita. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zoterezi ndizofunikira kuti pakhale chosowa cha mankhwala omwe alibe matabwa ndipo ali ndi makoma ochepa. Kutalika kwa mapaipi oterewa, omwe amapangidwira ngati mapangidwe, amasiyana ndi 4, 5 mpaka 11 cm.Ndipo kutalika kwa zinthu zozizira zozizira zopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe osakhala ndi magawo zimasiyana ndi 1.5 mpaka 9 mamita.

Miyeso ya mapaipi omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu

Chitoliro chothandizira chithunzi chikhoza kusungunuka. Pa gawo loyambalo, pepala loyerekeza losalemba limapangidwa, lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo. Kenaka zimapangidwa kuchokera ku billet, ndiyeno weld imadulidwa. Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa inert kapena kutsekemera. Chotsatira ndicho chitoliro cha mbiri, mtengo umene udzawonetse pansipa. Zomwe zimapangidwa zimakhala zofanana ndi zosaoneka bwino. Msoko wamtengo wapamwamba ukhoza kuchepetsa kukhwima kwa mankhwalawo ndi 10 peresenti yokha. Kuchepetsa kulimbika kumapangitsa kutulutsa nkhani yomwe makoma ake akhoza kukhala ndi makulidwe oposa 1 mpaka 5 millimeters. Miyeso mu nkhaniyi ingakhale yosiyana kuchokera 10x10 mpaka 100x100 millimeters.

Kutalika kwa pulojekiti yamakono

Pulogalamu ya 40 * 40, komanso mankhwala omwe ali ndi gawo losiyana, ingakhale ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwake. Pachiyambi choyamba, kutalika kuli pakati pa mamita 5 mpaka 9. Kachiwiri - chiwerengerocho chimatha kusiyana ndi mamita 1.5 mpaka 9.

Mavala ovala okhala ndi chiwindi

Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zazikulu ndi zamakona, pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi welded, n'zotheka kupanga mapaipi oyenda bwino. Miyeso yawo imatsimikiziridwa ndi GOST 8642-68. Malinga ndi bukhu ili, mapaipi angapezeke pamsika, kukula kwake komwe kumasiyana ndi 16x10 mpaka 90x32 mm. Kukula kwa khoma la mankhwala amenewa sikuposa 2.5 millimeters, ngati mtengo wochepa, ndi wofanana ndi mamita 1 millimita.

Mtengo wa chubu la mbiri yapafupi

Ngati mukufuna chidwi chitoliro, mtengo wa mankhwalawa uyenera kukuthandizani. Pakati pa mamita awiri a mapaipi, gawo lalikulu, ndi mbali ya mamita 15 ayenera kulipira ma ruble 94. Kuchuluka kwa mamita 1 othamanga pa nthawi yomweyo ndi 0.57 kg. Ngati tikukamba za gawo lochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu 20x20, chifukwa chake tiyenera kulipira ma ruble 147 / kuthamanga mita. Kutalika kwa khoma kudzakhala 1.5 millimeters, kulemera kwa mamita othamanga ndi ofanana ndi 0.95 kilogalamu. Pulogalamu ya 40 * 40 pamtunda wa 1.5 millimeters ndi 296 rubles pa mamita. Powonjezera pakhoma mpaka mamita awiri, mtengowo umakwera ku ruble 377. Mphindi imodzi yothamanga pa nthawi yomweyo imalemera 2, 6 kilograms. Izi zikhonza kukhala zofunika pakukonza zoyendetsa.

Mapulogalamu a mapangidwe a 60x40 amapanga 344 rubles pamtunda wa mamita, zomwe ziri zoona kwa mamita 1, 5 millimita. Kuwonjezeka kwa gawo lomalizira kwa mamita awiri kukukweza mtengo wa ruble 493. Zopangidwa kuchokera pamalo apakati gawo 100 x 100 zimapanga 1377 rubles pamtunda wa mamita. Kutalika kwa khoma ndi mamita atatu. Chitoliro chachigawo cha 100x50 kuchokera pamtunda wa mamita atatu chimapangitsa 1007 rubles pa mamita. Mungathe kusankha nokha mankhwala, kukula kwake kukugwirizana ndi zolinga. Mipope yambiri yamagulu omwe ali ndi kutalika kwake komanso ukulu wa khoma akugulitsidwa.

Kufunika koyendetsa kukula kwa mapaipi apamtima

Ogulitsa nthawi zambiri amadzifunsa chifukwa chake mbiriyi ikukula, zomwe zimapangidwa malinga ndi zikhalidwe za boma, ndizofunikira kwambiri. Yankho la funso ili ndi chitsanzo chogwiritsira ntchito - mapaipi amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafelemu olemedwa, kotero ngakhale kupotoka pang'ono muzitsulo za mtanda kungakhudze mphamvu yomaliza yazitsulo. Zamagulu omwe miyeso yawo satsatira malamulo a boma angatchedwe owopsa, monga momwe ntchito yawo ingabweretse ku zotsatira zoipa za mtundu wa kulephera kwa dongosolo lonselo.