Chidacho, nyimbo chida: chithunzi, ikulongosola za

Ngati zida zina nthetemya Banda, chidacho - chida choimbira ndi kulira wapadera ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi. Iye ndi membala zonse za nthetemya oketsra ndi jazi zomangirazo, koma cholinga ngati yotakata sizinkachitika - izo yoyamba zaka ntchito yopapatiza ndi patsogolo luso.

magwero

Kumasulira kwa Italy ndi French «chidacho» - chubu chachikulu kapena chitoliro lalikulu. Dzina "chidacho" akuyamba ntchito mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano m'zaka XV. Iwo akuyimira mkuwa ndi zithunzi, amene amalola kuti chida cha mawu otsika kwambiri ndi dzenje.

Wotsogolera wa choimbira chidacho mu otchula Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Baroque anali sakbut. Onse mawu akhala ntchito ngati ofanana, koma atathana ndi limalubza ena onse pambuyo m'ma XVII, mawu akuti "chidacho".

Timbre ndi kufotokozera

Kodi chidacho? Nyimbo zoimbira, ikulongosola amene angapezeke kale m'zaka za m'ma XV, izo zasintha kuyambira nthawi imeneyo si kwambiri. Ndi awiri wopindidwa chubu ndi gawo makina. Kutsiriza icho akulowa phirilo. chubu kutalika - mamita atatu, awiri -. 1.5 masentimita lamulo kwa zonse zidzathera cholankhulira - chidacho ndiyayikulu, mbale anamaliza.

Mu chithunzi nyimbo chida chidacho chionekera. Mosiyana ndi zida zina mkuwa, chidacho zambiri luso, amalola kusintha yosalala ku cholemba dziwani kuchita chromatic ndi glissando.

Kusiyanitsa ndi woimba Alto, ndondomeko, yoimba, contrabass zosiyanasiyana zipangizo. The zambiri ntchito ndondomeko chidacho.

Chida manambala - G (mchere) kontroktavy kuti F (F) wa octave chachiwiri.

mawu ake - otsika, mokweza ndi yaitali, osiyana ovuta mkulu ndi lowercase. Pamwamba ndi chonyezimira ndi kowala timbre, pansi - ndi wachisoni ndi akuopsa. Chifukwa makhalidwe ake timbral wa chidacho unakhala choimbira, ndi solos anadalira ntchito lonse.

Limagwirira kupanga phokoso

Bright, nakodola mkokomo wa chidacho ndi mphamvu zake luso chifukwa matabwa ake. Mosiyana ndi mkuwa zina, chidacho ali ndi kulumikiza kugwirizana - ndi elongated U-zooneka chidutswa kuti ali mbali ya choimbira. Chidacho mu izo amapeza zina mphamvu luso - timapitiriza osiyanasiyana phokoso zikhale zosavuta Wopanda ku cholemba kuona (glissando).

Masana anayi ndi asanu pogwiritsa ntchito kvartventilya ndi kvintventilya ngati njira zotheka zinakambidwa mu chidacho mbiri.

Mofanana ndi zida zina mkuwa, osalankhula (muting) angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu ntchito ya chidacho lapansi.

kumatikumbutsabe m'Baibulo

Kutchulidwa kwa mipope lalikulu ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo amapezeka m'malemba akale. Yoopsa lipenga limodzi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi angelo lofalitsidwa ndi akerubi. Akatswiri a m'Baibulo ndiponso nyimbo za nthawi ankakhulupirira kuti chida ichi - hatsotsra - mphepo wakale, zingaoneke amatikumbutsa lipenga zamakono chidacho, koma alibe mapiko. Komabe, ndi phokoso chidacho mu ntchito zambiri mawu a Mulungu, chiyambi cha Chiweruzo chizindikiro.

antecedents mbiri

Zopelekedwa maumboni rocker choimbira anapezeka kale mu masiku amakedzana. Isidor ndi Virgil amasonyeza wapadera kutsetsereka chubu (tuba ductills), mmene phokoso imasiyana malingana ndi malo a mbali makina. , Imatchedwanso kuti pa zofukulidwa wa Roma Pompeii mu XVIII atumwi, trombones awiri, koma kuda anapezazo awa amakhala ngati nthano kuposa fait accompli anapezeka.

Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti trombones wakale sanali zopeka, koma za maonekedwe awo Phokoso zitha ndikulingalira.

Woyamba kutchulidwa boma la chidacho ndi zithunzi akufotokoza za m'ma XV. Panthawi imeneyi palibe umodzi chida dzina: sakbut (FR «sacquer» - kuukoka ndi «bouter» - Kankhani.), Posaunen (Eng.), Tuba ductili otchulidwa pamodzi ndi chidacho ndi (Italy.). iwo onse mofanana ayenera kuti anapeza magwero osiyanasiyana. Popularity chidacho m'zaka XV, mkulu zokwanira - imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu misonkhano ya mpingo kukhala mbali ya ensembles yolembedwa ndi payekha chida. Iwo amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito pa miyambo wapadera boma ndi nkhondo.

Kuphatikiza mu chikhalidwe nyimbo

Malo amene choimbira chidacho ndi ankaona kuti Germany kapena Italy. Apa anakhala ambuye choyamba, manufactures trombones siliva zachifumu.

Mu zaka XVII-XVIII. chidacho anayamba kugwirizana ndi nyimbo zakale. Kukhala gulu loyimba ndi payekha chida, iye waima yekha ndipo sanali m'gulu la nyimbo yana. Izi samaletsa Oimba ambiri kulenga ntchito chida cha.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito yaikulu ya mawu chidacho anali nyimbo mpingo iye ikutchedwa limodzi kapena kuyimba mawu ntchito m'kaundula limeneli.

Chakale Symphony Orchestra, analengedwa mu XVIII atumwi ndi J. Haydn, sanalembe chidacho. Zikuoneka kuti chida ichi ankaona kuti zachikale kwambiri ndi diso kugwira mu amgwirizano phokoso tutti. Komanso, nthawi si kucha patsogolo wake luso.

Mu zochitika zapadera chidacho, koma ntchito zisudzo nyimbo. mkokomo wake chapeza hue kwambiri pa masewero a za Glück, ndi V. A. Motsart zimamuthandiza movutika ndi lowopsya ntchito mu sewero la "Don Giovanni" ndi "Requiem".

Chidacho mu nthetemya oketsra

Chiyambi chidacho monga choimbira mu nthetemya oketsra anali kokha kumayambiriro kwa XVIII-XIX zaka. kuchokera L. V. Bethovena. Berlioz nthawi yoyamba anam'patsa zambiri payekha gawo mu nyimbo symphonic, kusonyeza ngati kamvekedwe wolemekezeka ndiponso mwaulemu. Mu gawo la makono a oketsra ntchito, kawirikawiri trombones awiri kapena atatu (awiri ndondomeko ndi yoimba). Oimba Wagner, P. I. Chaykovskogo, Mahler, Brahms zodabwitsa popanda sonorous kamvekedwe chidacho ndi asilikali, kumene mawu ake amagwirizana ndi magulu koopsya ndi akuopsa.

The symphonic nyimbo P. I. Chaykovskogo phokoso chidacho limaimira zithunzi za Rock, Providence. Mu Wagner chidacho, pamodzi ndi mkuwa zina imaimira mphamvu ndi mphamvu yosatsutsika, Rock zithunzi. Zazikulu R. Wagner ntchito posonyeza chikondi mawu ( "Tristan ndi Isolde"). Lodabwitsa zamalankhulidwe Inde Anapitiriza mu nyimbo zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Ndi bwino chidwi chidacho m'zaka za m'ma XIX, pafupifupi yoletsedwa anali kugwiritsa ntchito glissando, omwe okhawo zapamwamba zaka mazana makumi awiri - A. Schoenberg ndi Glazunov.

Chidacho mu jazi

Jazz chidacho - udindo watsopano ndi choimbira. Imayamba ndi nyengo Dixieland - wina kayendedwe woyamba wa jazi nyimbo. Apa, chida kwa nthawi yoyamba kutchulidwa kupeza payekha, kulenga countermelody ndi mwaluso kumumenya. Wotchuka jazi trombonists - Glen Miller, Bodza Mole, Edward Mwana Ory, analenga kalembedwe awo sewero. Imodzi mwa njira yakuti - accented kuphatikiza zolemba munthu ndi khalidwe glissando chidacho. Iwo amalenga phokoso wapadera Dixieland 20s. mzaka zana makumi awiri. Ndiyamika jazi trombonist, jazi kalembedwe kugwirizana ndi zida mphepo.

phokoso chidacho ndi Latin American nyimbo - izo analimbikitsa malo jazi ensembles, amene anali chidacho payekha chida.

mwayi yamakono ya mosalekeza chidacho - kuchita nyimbo zachikhalidwe cha phokoso la jazi, thanthwe ndipo masitayilo ena ndi malangizo. Kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi wayamba kulenga ndi chidwi, ndi trombonist malo oimba ena kapena gulu loyimba - onse chapadera.