Castle Palanok, Mukachevo: mbiri, nthano. zokopa Ukraine

Medieval nyumba - iyi ndi mbali ya nkhani, amene nthawi zonse amakopeka kuyang'anitsitsa chidwi kwa apaulendo. Mwina, ichi ndi chifukwa kampira wa chikondi ndi ulemu zizindikiro zimene anali chibadidwe olemekezeka Middle Ages. M'pake kutali mu njira ya mawu akuti "Knight woona," ntchito pamene akulankhula za munthu amene amakondadi.

Lero, za nthawi ndi zochita za anthu kupanga mbiri, monga akukumbutsa nyumba zazikulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Castle Palanok (Mukachevo) - mmodzi wa iwo.

Transcarpathia

Pakuti mapiri Carpathian kwa zaka anapanga anthu amene ali wapadera ndi choyambirira kuti mtima wake, wakutemwa ndi kudzipereka kwa chikhulupiriro chawo kunamveka ponseponse.

Mbiri ya Transcarpathia kalekale kugwirizana ndi Asilavo, amene anabwera kuno ndipo anayamba dziko mwamsanga 1 zikwi. N. e. Monga zafukulidwa ndi pofukula, iwo anali mbadwa za Volyn ndi Prykarpattya. kugwirizana majini wauzimu, anabzala m'nthawi ya mapangidwe Kievan Lazaro ndi mapangidwe ake monga boma lalikulu, akhoza kusunga mtundu kuchokera kuloŵerera kwa Transcarpathia ndi zikhalidwe ake mlendo, ukutitsogolera umene kalekale.

3 Only zaka - kuchokera 9 mpaka 11. - izo lolamulidwa ndi akalonga Asilavo ndipo analamulira Orthodoxy, koma ndi 11 ndi 13 m'ma, mayiko amenewa anakhala gawo la ufumu Great Chihangare. M'tsogolo, mpaka m'ma 20, Transcarpathia anali kusintha mu feuds ambiri ndi kusintha kwa mafumu wina ndi mzake. Kuchokera Chihangare ku wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu, ndiye Turkey ndi banja lolamulira la Habsburg, zotsatirazi makamu anali Austria-Hungary ndi Czechoslovakia, ndipo patapita Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World kumadela amenewa kachiwiri a Ukraine, amene akhala panapita zaka 10.

Today Nyumbayi wakale Palanok (Mukachevo) alendo amabwera kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko kupeza mbiri ya kukhulupirika kwa fuko limodzi kuti mizu yake, chikhalidwe ndi chikhulupiriro.

Mukachevo

Tsiku lenileni la mzindawo ndi osadziwika, koma kutchula koyamba zolembedwa za izo zimapezeka m'masiku a chaka 896. Location Mukachevo kwambiri moti Asilavo amene anayambitsa kumudzi, sanali woyamba amene anamvetsa ndiponso ntchito.

Pamudzi pa malo a mzinda pano chinapangidwa zaka 40,000 zapitazo m'nyengo Paleolithic. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mafuko ena osaonekanso, oyimitsira awo yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, koma pa malo omwewo, zotsatirazi. Mwachitsanzo, apa mungapeze umboni wa moyo wa anthu a malemu Paleolithic (zaka 3,000 zapitazo), Mkuwa (2000 BC. E.).

Zosiyanasiyana ndi chikhalidwe pano. Pa phiri Tupchiev anapeza Thracian linga (m'ma 10 BC ..), Ndipo pafupi - Acelt Oppidum, ndi akatswiriwa atha kuwutsata, pamene mafuko Acelt atichotsa carp, amene ulemu ndi dzina lake phiri.

Kaya tikafikitsa mafuko mzake BC, koma amadziwika kuti Transcarpathia anayamba nakulira limodzi ndi mafuko Asilavo, pa zaka 700 Zakachikwi woyamba anapanga mtundu waukulu Rusich, kulamulidwa ndi Prince wa Kiev. positi, ndi njira, anali kusankha, ndipo anthu monga Prince kuika ufumu, kotero iye sakanakhoza kuchotsa iye.

Woyamba matabwa mpanda anawonekera kuno pa phiri la Castle mu 1086. Izi mwala Mukachevo Nyumbayi anaonekera kokha m'zaka 14. yomanga ake nayamba pa behest a Charles Robert - Chihangare m'banja lachifumu, mu Yemwe chuma anali ndiye linga.

Lero, Mukachevo (Ukraine, Transcarpathian dera) - malo chigawo, pafupifupi makilomita makumi asanu ku Hungary ndi Slovakia ndi 100 Km from kumalire ndi Romania ndi Poland.

Mbiri ya m'linga

Monga mwachizolowezi, tsiku lenileni la yomanga kulinga kumeneko, koma kulembamo ananena kuti 1086, iye osati kumenya anasiya nkhondo, koma anakhalabe yekha asilikali wosagonjetsedwa Polovtsian Khan Kuteska citadel. Mu hayala cha 1321 ananena kuti anthu a commandant a linga la pamenepo dzina Tomás.

Deta zotsatirazi kwa 1352 amatchula commandant ena - Dej, amene anagonjetsa asilikali a Khan Atlamosha. Kwa zaka 13 ndi 14, mpanda wolimba a mafumu achifumu Arpadovichey Ugric ndi Anjou, koma heyday weniweni wa linga ndi kukonzanso mu chinyumba modziwika wokongola ndipo angaloŵe akuyamba ku nthawi pamene zikuoneka gulu loyamba.

Mukachevo Nyumbayi anapita kwa misonkhano Fedor Koryatovicha - mbadwa ya banja wakale Kalonga wa Chilituyaniya Gediminas. Iye Katundu wake nkhondo ndi 1 Sigismund mu 1396 anamupatsa iye m'nyengo moyo yogwila nchito zawo.

Ngakhale nyumbayi ndi linga lalikulu ndi nsanja ndi chemba patsogolo pawo. Fedor Koryatovych anamanga pamwamba pa phiri m'linga, omwe anakhala okhala banja lake. Pa mbali ya makoma akale anamanga nsanja wamphamvu 9 mamita awiri ndi khoma makulidwe a mamita 2.5.

Mu 1401 Nyumbayi adadzimanga kwambiri youma dzenje, imene towered khumi mita kumbuyo khoma. Mkati Nyumbayi bwino anali anakumba anthu ake anathandiza kuzinga aliyense, ndipo sadalole ludzu. Castle Palanok (Mukachevo), mwangwiro anasunga kuti masiku athu. Iwo sikungawononge ndi kusintha kwa banja wachifumu ndi mzake, woyamba kapena nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mu Soviet Union panali koleji ulimi, kotero kuti zipinda zake ndi makoma anali anakhalabe bwino, ndipo mu 1960 chinatseguka kowonera zakale.

Fedor Koryatovych

Izi wotchuka ndale nthawi yake ndi kuchokera m'banja zaka wolemekezeka wogwidwa ndi nzeru chidwi ndi khalidwe amphamvu, koma ena a mbiri yakale kuika kuli umunthu wake amakayikira ngati yoyambirira yeniyeni ya ndiyedi sanapezeke.

Mabaibulo angapo mapepala osungidwa akusonyeza kuti Nyumbayi Palanok (Mukachevo) kwenikweni umasamutsidwa ku moyo ulamuliro Fedor Koryatovicha pamodzi ndi mzinda ndi maiko pafupi kuti Justa. Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma icho chinali ndi dzanja lake kuwala pa Castle Hill anaonekera odzitukumula zomangamanga, umene anthu zikwizikwi tsopano Transcarpathia.

Kuwonjezera pa Nyumbayi ndi Fyodor Koryatovych anamanga laibulale namanga obisika, kumene anaikidwa m'manda atamwalira. Kumuyamikila mzinda wa Mukachevo anakhala pakati chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo derali. Lero fuko lomveka manda kupeza, koma amadziwika kuti m'zaka za m'ma 19, pamene, mmalo mwa mpingo matabwa anaika mwala, tombstone lake linali lathunthu. Kumene kupita patapita sakudziwika.

Tsopano za izo amatikumbutsa chipilala m'bwalo la Nyumbayi, yomwe kale nthano zake.

Kufotokozera za m'linga

Panthawi imene Fedor Koryatovych unachitikira ku Transcarpathia, Mukachevo Castle (adiresi :. Per Kurucz, 5) anapeza mawonekedwe kuti ife tsopano kusunga.

The olemekezeka, anamanga:

• chapamwamba loko;
• pakati komanso pansi maloko;
• kumbuyo khoma ndi mtsinje wa.

Pakuti pomanga French anabwera kudzatumikira wakale chitetezo ndi ganyu wake katswiri malinga Sébastien de A Vauban, amene anayambitsa dongosolo kudziteteza m'linga, kupanga izo angaloŵe. M'madera ena a makoma achitetezo anafika 18 mamita makulidwe, zomwe zikhale zosavuta kupirira kusinja alipo pa nthawi zipangizo.

Onse, iye anali 4 masitepe, amene anagawanika pa Predvorotnyuyu, wotsika, Middle ndi Upper Castle. Mulingo uliwose anali kuposa ena ndi gulu adziteteze, kotero ngati tiers m'munsi unagwa zokometsera chobisa pamwamba ndi kupulumuka anachoka.

M'zaka za m'ma 14, tsopano, kulowa mu chinyumba Palanok (Mukachevo, opareshoni - kuchokera 9,00 kuti 18,00, kutali -. BP) zinali Zimatheka pa mlatho matabwa pa mtsinje, koma pa nthawi anadzazidwa ndi madzi ndi palisade - Palanka, imene dzina lake.

M'nthawi ya bwalo lalikulu munali nyumba. Ndipo iwonso tiers - kuposa iwo ali apamwamba kwambiri, mphoto analandira asilikali, onyamula utumiki kumeneko. Imodzi mwa nyumba chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa Upper Castle ndi 75 mita bwino, amene anapha molunjika mu phiri Latorica Mtsinje. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa okhutira madzi a bwino zikusefukira, kenako umapita patali pansi ndipo ndi kukokera chinyezi kuchokera kuya invigorating. Koma anapulumutsa anthu pa kuzinga linga, mmodzi wa umene unatha zaka zoposa 3.

Ilona Zrinyi

Pa nthawi ina Nyumbayi a wokalamba Transylvanian Rakoczy akale, amachokera Vlad Dracula 3. mafumu awo analamulira kuno kwa zaka zoposa 100. Pa nthawi ina anapatsidwa chitetezo Transcarpathian Asilavo, amene sanafune kuvomereza chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo cha ankhondowo Turkey. Anthu amenewa amatchedwa karutsu, ndi nthumwi za mtundu wakale kutsogozedwa ndi iwo.

Ilona Zrinyi anakhala nthano moyo wake wonse. Mkazi wamasiye wa Ferenc Rakoczy walunjika chitetezo cha kulinga pa kuzinga asilikali ake a banja lolamulira la Habsburg inatenga zaka 3. Iye anali wotchuka ndi okongola kwambiri. Pali ngakhale nthano kuti madzulo a akanthe mdani ali pa dona analowa makoma kuyang'ana mphamvu ya ankhondo pa makoma ake. Pa nthawi imeneyi, zinaoneka ndi ambiri Austria, anali asilikali kuukira kukonzekera. Anadzidzimuka zikuwoneka akazi okongola, iye anatumiza asilikali n'kunena kuti ntchito kulimbana ndi asilikali, ndi kukongola osamenyana.

Ngati si kuti tikumupachikaso chilengedwe mkati mwa Ilona, poizoni madzi mu chitsime, linga izi kotero kuti sindigonja. Lero, mkazi wamkulu uyu akufanana ndi chipilala anamangidwa mu nyumbayi. Iye waima ndi mwana wake pa makoma, ndi mutu achinyamata mafumu magwiridwe ndi lupanga mu dzanja lake.

Ndi chizindikiro kuti iye safuna yoweramitsidwa kubwera banja lolamulira la Habsburg ndipo anapitiriza ntchito ya atate ake ndi amake. Apa ndipo pali Palanok Nyumbayi ndi mwiniwake. Mu Mukachevo ndipo kotero m'ma 19 chipilala kuti mkazi amene analenga nkhani mbaenda ulimi. Iye anamwalira mu 1703 ndipo phulusa mpumulo wake mu Kosice (Slovakia).

Nyumbayi Nthano

Zokopa Ukraine akhoza kudzitama kukongola ndi Kale, koma nthano mwina paliponse ambiri pamene Nyumbayi Palanok.

Apa zamatsenga ano ofanana ndi amene kwa zaka zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kukumba bwino mu sing'anga thanthwe ali spawned nthabwala mukachevtsev nkhani imeneyi.

Amuna kukumba bwino, tsiku la kukumba, ziwiri, khumi, ndipo panalibe madzi. Prince tsiku lililonse mokwiya anafunsa kuti: "Kodi madzi?!" Ndipo nthawi iliyonse iwo kumuyankha: "Ayi" atamva zimenezi ndipo anaganiza kupeza makhalidwe. Iye anadza kalonga ndipo anati kwa thumba la golide adzachitire zimenezi bwino anali nthawi zonse madzi. Kodi kuchita? Prince anavomera, conjured mdierekezi, anthu anakumba, ndi madzi anaonekera.

Wodetsedwa kubwera kwa mphotho, ndipo apatsa mkulu kathumba ka golidi, ndipo anati kuti ndi kukula, iwo sudalingane. Zikuonekeratu kuti yaitali kukumba ndi wanthabwala ndipo m'dera anthu analenga nthano mibadwo.

Chabwino, lero Nyumbayi Palanok mu Mukachevo - nthano, umene anthu kuno ndi maloto akwaniritsidwa. Amene oyambirira anasankha chipilala Fedoru Koryatovichu makamaka mfundo chala mu nthaka, titero, kukangana zomwe cholinga apa - kuti tilibe amadziwa, koma lero zikwi za anthu okhulupirika kwa iye ngati mapesi a.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ambiri a iwo amati kukhumba kwawo kwenikweni anazindikira pa chaka. Mwinamwake ntchito kukhulupirira chozizwitsa, kapena patapita munthu amagwiritsidwa ntchito velmozhny chala ndipo anatseka maso ake, adatambasula kufunika, koma kenako anayamba ena masitepe kukhazikitsa ake.

Chirichonse chimene icho chinali, koma chozizwitsa ntchito. Iwo amaganiziridwa kuti nthano anayamba mu moyo wa ophunzira aulesi kamodzi inali mkati mwa makoma awa selhoztehnikum. Ntchito chala anakoka yekha tikiti akudziwa, ndipo tsopano mamiliyoni alendo kwa iye ndi adzagwira chinachake wapamtima kunong'oneza.

Castle m'zaka za m'ma 20

Kuyambira m'ma 20 Transcarpathia a Czech Republic, kenako Hungary (thupi mpaka kutha kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World), unakhalabe bwinobwino, ngakhale kuyang'aniridwa ndi winawake. Mu 50s kuno anakakhala College ndi ophunzira ake tinkakhala m'misasa zakale.

Only kuyambira 1989 anakonza kowonera zakale mwa makoma ake. Lero ndi ngale wina mu mkanda zokopa mu Western Ukraine ndi Transcarpathia. N'zosadabwitsa kuti alendo ambiri kudera, makamaka chidwi linga, amene ali kunyadira Mukachevo (Nyumbayi Palanok). pakhomo mtengo pang'ono kuposa 35 rubles. Ulendowu ndalama rubles 300. munthu.

Ngati kuli kofunikira, kubwezeretsa ntchito kunachitika, kotero chipilala waukulu wa mbiri ndi zomangamanga awoneka mofanana monga masiku a Fedor Koryatovicha. Iwo ali nawo mu mndandanda wa "zokopa kwambiri anapita kwa Ukraine", ndipo bwino choyenerera. Apa, chirichonse amapuma mbiri, kotero kulinga palibe nyengo yopuma.

Komabe ndi ambiri ankakonda malo honeymooners, loyenera ukwati chithunzi mphukira. Kumachitika makamaka panthawi ku kasupe October.

Osungirako zinthu zakale & Zosangalatsa

Masiku ano, pali lotseguka zipinda ndi chionetsero cha zojambula ndi ziboliboli, kumapeto kwa sabata oimba kusewera, magulu ambiri okhala moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu Transcarpathia panthawi ku 12 m'ma 20. Mu chimodzi mwa zipinda amapereka zithunzi za zaka 16-19. Nthawi zambiri makamu zoimbaimba ndipo madyerero, zomwe ophunzira kukhala okha alendo a mnyumba ya m'linga.

Ngati munthu wotopa Inunso mutha kumasuka ndi kukhala pogulitsira zakudya mu cafe, ndi mitundu tsiku ankaimba kukuwalirawalirabe, mukhoza ukutsika mu kosungira mdima wa m'linga, amene ankakhala kulawa zipinda, ndi kulawa vinyo mtundu "Chizay".

Nyumbayi Palanok angathe kuchitidwa popanda kalozera, koma adzakhala chabe kuyenda m'zipinda zake chete ndi makonde. Ndi anthu amene ali m'chikondi ndi makoma awa enliven nkhani zawo za anthu amene anakhala pano ndipo analemba nthano odabwitsa.

The view ku makoma achitetezo - izi ndi mwayi wina kuti asangalale ndi kukongola m'deralo kuti anaphonya. Castle usiku amayang'ana chidwi kwambiri.

Tours ya m'linga

Ulendo ku Transcarpathia - ndi wotchuka kwambiri njira, chifukwa zonse:

• mapiri;
• mtsinje;
• zokopa angapo;
• mpweya wabwino;
• kuchereza anthu;
• chokoma ndi wathanzi m'dera zakudya;
• zosiyanasiyana zinthu zimene mungathe kuchita m'kupita;
• chachikulu ndi wokongola, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - nyumba yachifumu weniweni.

Mitengo maulendo awa ndi abwino kwambiri, mwina, choncho pali maulendo chaka chonse ndi kuyenda kudzipereka zinsinsi ndi nthano mzinda wa Mukachevo ndi linga lake. Aliyense mlendo mzinda onetsetsani kuti kuponya ndalama kukhumudwa mzere mu bwino ndipo nenani cholakalaka kubwerera kuno. Pa nthawiyi, pali ngakhale anecdote m'deralo, ndipo amakondwera nazo kwa nthawi miliyoni adzatiuza, tiyenera kupempha.