AES: Data kubisa

Mosakayikira, owerenga ambiri kompyuta ntchito intaneti (osati) tamva mawu amenewa, ngati kubisa deta AES. Kodi mtundu wa dongosolo, zomwe ma aligorivimu lidalembedwa ndi zimene umagwiritsidwa, ali nalo lingaliro m'malo bwalo yochepa ya anthu. ogwiritsa ntchito wamba ndi zinthu zambiri sadziwa ndipo safuna. Komabe, taonani dongosolo cryptographic, makamaka popanda kulowerera mu kuwerengetsera zovuta masamu ndi kachitidwe izo zikanakhala timvetse munthu aliyense.

Kodi AES-kubisa?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti dongosolo palokha ndi mndandanda wa ma aligorivimu kubisa view koyamba ena opatsirana, analandira kapena kusungidwa ndi wosuta pa deta kompyuta. Nthawi zambiri izo ntchito njira zamakono Internet mogwirizana kuonetsetsa chinsinsi chathunthu mfundo, ndipo amatanthauza otchedwa ma aligorivimu ofananira kubisa.

AES kubisa mtundu zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo kutembenuka mu mawonekedwe kutetezedwa ndi decoding osiyanitsidwa pa fungulo yemweyo, amene amadziwika ndi kutumiza ndi kulandira mbali mosiyana kubisa ofananira, imene makiyi awiri anapereka kwa ntchito - poyera ndi kutsekedwa. Choncho, n'zosavuta kunena kuti ngati mbali zonse mukudziwa fungulo cholondola, kubisa ndi decryption ndondomeko ikuchitika chabe zokwanira.

A mbiri pang'ono

AES-kubisa kwa nthawi yoyamba otchulidwa mu 2000, pamene wolowa des mpikisano dongosolo kusankha, limene linali muyezo mu United States kuyambira 1977, wopambana ndi Rijndael aligorivimu.

Mu 2001, AES-dongosolo inali yololedwa nawonso latsopano Federal Data kubisa Standard, ndipo kuyambira kale ntchito kwambiri.

Mitundu AES kubisa

Evolution ma aligorivimu m'gulu magawo angapo wapakatikati, amene makamaka n'zogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kutalika kiyi. Lero pali mitundu itatu chachikulu: AES 128 kubisa, AES-192 ndi AES-256.

Dzinali odziwikiratu. Intaneti signage limafanana ndi kutalika kiyi ntchito, m'kukoma Akamva. Komanso, AES-kubisa lokhudza mtundu chipika ntchito mwachindunji ndi kuliika mayunitsi deta m'litali, kabisidwe aliyense wa iwo, mosiyana-mzere ma aligorivimu kuti ntchito pa zophiphiritsa umodzi uthenga lotseguka, kumasulira iwo mu mawonekedwe encrypted. Mu AES chipika kutalika ndi 128 Akamva.

Kulankhula chilankhulo cha sayansi, ndi aligorivimu yemweyo amene amagwiritsa AES-256 kubisa, zikutanthauza ntchito pa maziko a zithunzi polenomiyo ntchito ndi zizindikiro mu processing wa magulu awiri-azithunzi omwe tikunena (mawerengetsedwe).

Kodi ntchito?

The aligorivimu ntchito zovuta kwambiri, koma ikukhudza ntchito zinthu zofunika zochepa. Poyamba, awiri azithunzi omwe tikunena masanjidwewo ntchito, m'zinthu kutembenuka mtima (zipolopolo), makiyi kuzungulira ndi matebulo ndi chigamulocho permutation koyamba.

The kubisa deta imakhala ndi zinthu zingapo:

• mawerengedwe a fungulo chonse;
• mamvekedwe M'MALO ntchito S-Bokosi tebulo chachikulu;
• kuloza mawonekedwe ntchito zedi osiyana (Onani chithunzi pamwambapa.);
• Kusakaniza deta pakati pa ndime ya masanjidwewo (nkhungu);
• Kuwonjezera mawonekedwe ndi kiyi chonse.

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zichitike kuti n'zosiyana, koma m'malo tebulo S-Bokosi tebulo likukhudza chuma osiyanitsidwa, amene tamutchula pamwambapa.

Ngati chitsanzo, ngati kutalika kiyi wa 4 Akamva ayenera iterate mwa onse magawo 16 (zipolopolo), kuti m'pofunika kufufuza ma n'kotheka, kuyambira 0000 mpaka 1111. Inde, chitetezo choterocho akuswa mwamsanga mokwanira. Koma ngati inu kutenga mafungulo kwambiri kwa 16-bit muyenera masitepe 65.536, ndi 256-bit - 1.1 x 10 ^77. Ndipo pamene ananena akatswiri American, pa kusankha moyenera kuphatikiza (kiyi) adzatenga za thililiyoni 149 zaka.

Kuti ntchito pamene inu kukhazikitsa maukonde kuchita: AES kapena TKIP?

Ife tifike ku ntchito AES-256 chitetezo deta anatumiza ndipo analandira mwa Intaneti opanda zingwe.

Monga ulamuliro, rauta iliyonse (rauta), pali zingapo zimene mungachite kuti akasankhe: okha AES, TKIP, ndi kokha AES + TKIP. Iwo anagwiritsa ntchito malingana ndi protocol (WEP kapena WEP2). Koma! System TKIP ndi achikale chifukwa ali ndi digiri m'munsi chitetezo kapena thandizo 802.11n zamalumikizidwe pa mtengo deta choposa 54 Mbits / s. Motero, mapeto a ntchito yofunika AES ndi mode chitetezo WPA2-PSK ndi zoonekeratu, ngakhale mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu onse wophatikizidwa.

Mafunso wodalirika komanso chitetezo cha AES ma aligorivimu

Ngakhale mawu mokweza wa akatswiri AES ma aligorivimu adakali osatetezeka chiphunzitso, chifukwa chilengedwe cha kubisa ali kufotokoza yosavuta algebraic. Inafotokoza ndi Niels Ferguson. Ndipo mu 2002, Joseph ndi Nikolya Kurtua Pepshik lofalitsidwa nkhani tisachite angathe kuukira XSL. Komabe, mu dziko sayansi kwachititsa kwambiri pa mlanduwo, ndipo ena ankaona mawerengedwe awo cholakwika.

kopanda anapangidwa mu 2005 kuti tizilomboto angathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira lachitatu chipani, osati masamu. Pa nthawi yomweyo wina kuukira ali masamu kiyi pambuyo ntchito 800, pamene ena analandira 2 ³² ntchito (chitatu wozungulira).

Mosakayikira, lero dziko lino ndipo zikhoza kuganiziridwa mmodzi wa patsogolo kwambiri, ngati imodzi koma. Zaka zingapo zapitazo yoweyula Internet kuukira HIV, imene kachilombo coder (ndipo pamodzi komanso extortionist), ozama kompyuta kwathunthu encrypted deta zofuna decoding kwa ndalama aukhondo ndalama. Pankhaniyi, lipoti ananena kuti kubisa imagwiridwa ntchito AES1024 aligorivimu, omwe ankakhulupirira mpaka posachedwapa, kulibeko.

Ngati kapena ayi, koma ngakhale mapulogalamu odziwika bwino kwambiri a antivayirasi mapulogalamu, kuphatikizapo "Kaspersky labu", pamene akuyesa decrypt deta inali yopanda mphamvu. Akatswiri ambiri anavomereza kuti wathuwu HIV Ndimakukonda, kamodzi kachilombo mamiliyoni makompyuta padziko lonse mbaavunga zofunika poyerekeza ndi kuopseza kunapezeka kuti zachibwana prattle. Komanso, ine ndimakukondani inu More anali umalimbana TV, ndi kachilombo latsopano mwayi zachinsinsi mabungwe akuluakulu okha. Komabe, amanena momveka bwino kuti apa icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kubisa AES-1024, palibe.

Pomaliza

Ngati kumlingo n'cigwagwa, Mulimonsemo tikhoza kunena kuti AES-kubisa ndicho zotsogola ndi kuteteza, ziribe kanthu zomwe kutalika kiyi ntchito. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mfundo imeneyi ntchito cryptosystems kwambiri ndipo ali maganizo mokwanira yotakata pa chitukuko ndi bwino m'tsogolo, makamaka ngati n'kutheka angakhale ndi kaphatikizidwe mitundu yambiri ya kubisa mu wagawo limodzi (mwachitsanzo, pamlandu ntchito ofananira ndi asymmetric kapena chipika ndi mtsinje kubisa).