Orlando Lasso, Franco-Flemish Wolemba: yonena, zilandiridwenso

Orlando Lasso - wotchuka Franco-Flemish Wolemba Kubadwa Kwatsopano. cholowa chake luso loimba ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti silinakwaniritsidwe ankafufuza mapeto. Impact kuti wakhala pa luso ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu onse, ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Choncho, kukumana - Lasso Orlando (Orlando Lasso).

ubwana

Malo wolemba luso 1532 mu mzinda Walloon wa Mons (Belgium), kumene chinenero osakhala ndi French anthu.

Ndi wokongola, mawu ophunzitsidwa bwino Orlando kuyambira ubwana umayamba kuyimba mu kwaya akukondwera khutu la anthu amisinkhu yonse ndi makalasi. Pamenepo, Cathedral wa St. Nicholas, pang'ono Orlando Di Lasso yodziwa ziphunzitso mapemphero, zinapatsira ndi mzimu wachipembedzo ndi kutenga lingaliro la zojambulajambula zoimbira za nthawi. Kudziwa zimenezi ndiye adzakhala ndi amadza chachikulu pa moyo ndi ntchito ya mwana wamphatso.

Zikomo mawu ake kodabwitsa kwa zokongola Lasso Orlando fateful analandira mwayi wapadera kuthawa tauni yaing'ono ndi kuzindikira luso lawo kulenga.

Izi zinachitika pamene iye anali usinkhu wa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Pa kukuwa wake sonorous wokongola ananena Ferrante Ine Gonzaga - Werengani ndi Viceroy wa Sicily, wotchuka asilikali mtsogoleri wa Woyera wa Chiroma. Iye anapereka kuika choristers luso kuimba m'tchalitchi chake.

Lasso, Orlando anatenga mphatso za zotsatira. Pamodzi ndi mbuye wake, anapita ku Italy, kuyendera wokongola mzinda wowoneka bwino ndi kuchita kudzipatsa maphunziro. Zinali nthawi imeneyi Lasso Orlando akuyamba kulemba nyimbo kalembedwe folklore Italiya, ndipo kupeza kutchuka m'nthawi.

achinyamata

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Orlando Lasso, mbiri ndi zinthu zimene ziri nkhani imeneyi, utumiki amapita ku wotchuka Neapolitan woyang'anira, ndi Marquis Della magawo ndipo akupitiriza kugwira ntchito ndi talente zipatso.

Lasso sanali zaka makumi awiri pamene iye anali ndi udindo ndi wotchuka malo Kapellmeister wa chachikulu cha pa tchalitchi Roma, dzina lake pambuyo St. Yohane M'batizi. chakuti wachinyamata wotero apatsidwa zoterezi malo ofunika utsogoleri akuti kwambiri: Lasso-Wolemba kunaganiziridwa a m'nthawi anayamikira.

Ntchito ya kondakitala sanali kokha Baton za gulu la oimba ndi kwayala, komanso kulemba nyimbo anadzipereka zochitika zapadera.

Patatha zaka zitatu, ndi luso Orlando masamba udindo wapamwamba udindo wake ndi kuchoka pakhomo. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, ichi ndi chifukwa matenda a mayi.

Ntchito yoyamba kusindikizidwa

Pambuyo pa imfa ya makolo ake anasamukira ku Orlando Lasso Flemish Antwerp mu chopereka chimodzi lofalitsidwa ntchito zake luso. Izi Wolemba wamng'ono ali ndi thandizo kwambiri ndi thandizo Tilman Suzato - amadziwika Wolemba ndi otchuka notoizdatel.

Zosonkhanitsira yaikulu zikuphatikizapo yaing'ono ntchito mwachikondi m'nyimbo kalembedwe Italiya (madrigals) ndi strophic ntchito amapilira (French chansons) ndi ntchito za polyphonic mawonekedwe (Latin motets).

Kupititsa

Pa zaka twente-foro, Orlando Lasso, amene nyimbo zinatchuka kunja kwa dziko lake, anali kuitana fateful ku bwalo la Bavarian Albrecht V. Albrecht a Bavaria ankadziwika kuti mtima wake wabwino ndi maganizo osokonekera kwa ojambula.

Poyamba wolemba anatumikira monga chorister mu kwayara. Iye anali ndi ndondomeko mmwamba, anatenga otchedwa zolemba achifumu. Koma zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kenako, woimba luso anadalira malo Kapellmeister.

Iye ndi nsanje kwambiri ndipo amayesetsa kugwira ntchito. Iwo amalenga gulu kofunika anthu amene ali ndi mawu okongola, komanso makutu nyimbo. Bwinobwino chinkhoswe kuphunzitsa iliyonse woimba kapena woyimba.

Posachedwapa, ndi ducal choral oketsra anakhala kwambiri akatswiri nyimbo gulu loyimba, kutchuka amene anapita kuzungulira dziko, ndi Munich - mzinda kumene adali - anakhala mmodzi wa malo ofunika kwambiri nyimbo ya Europe.

Orlando Lasso, amene ntchito nthawi zonse anachita mu nyumba yopemphereramo Bavarian, pang'onopang'ono kukhala m'madera ena a dziko, anachita chinkhoswe mu yophunzitsa. Choncho iye analimbitsa talente yake ndi mphamvu zake mwa anthu okonda zojambulajambula, komanso kuchuluka likulu lake.

kumwa Wolemba

Masiku amenewo, oyimba otchuka ndi luso zambiri kukhala atumiki a anthu mu nyumba kumene iwo anatumikira. Koma Lasso Orlando anakwanitsa kupeŵa kuganiza unenviable tsoka.

Okutidwa ndi maganizo wochangamuka ndiponso champhamvu ndi nthabwala, wolemba anacititsa kuti aulemu, ngakhale deferential maganizo ake pa mbali ya olemera ndi olemekezeka. Lasso anali conversationalist wabwino: kumva mosamala ndipo nthawi amaika mawu woyankhula mwanzeru kapena zoseketsa. Wodziwa za zosiyanasiyana luso, Orlando ankaona connoisseur kwambiri ndi katswiri wolemekezeka. Iye sakanakhoza kufika zokamba mtima woona kapena nthabwala zoseketsa, Womutsatira ena anali omasuka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti patatha zaka ziwiri zokha atafika ku khoti ducal wa Wolemba wokongola anakwatira mwana wa madona wina wotchuka ndi kumulondolera lotseguka cikhalidwe, kuitana udindo patokha Albrecht V.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Kukwaniritsa udindo wawo wa Kapellmeister, Orlando Lasso anapita ku Italy, France ndi England. Iye anagawana luso lake ndi oimba ena luso, wasonkhanitsa oyendayenda mumtima chatsopano ndi zidindo, anasolola kudzoza kwa iwo.

Kamodzi iye - kale wolemba wotchuka anapereka malo a ulemu mu Dresden ndi mfumu ya Saxony, koma iye anachikana icho, komanso zina zambiri oitanira namuyesa, chifukwa iwo samafuna kuononga njira okhazikika bwino za moyo ndi kusiya bwalo, anapeza bata ndi ubwino.

Akuti mapeto a moyo Lasso anali cokoma wopatsa kwambiri mokulira. Current Duke (ndi uyu anali mwana wa Albrecht - William achipembedzo) adawamasulira ku ntchito yake monga Kapellmeister thanzi, kuonetsetsa pantchito ubwino ndithu ndipo anapereka Villa wokongola.

Mapangidwe luso loimba

Pa ntchito wolemba a ankatsatira kwambiri ulendo wake kunja kwa Europe. Kulowerera mu chikhalidwe cha m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, izo kwambiri kuganizira makhalidwe ake wadziko ndi kuphunzira ntchito zawo zimene iye ankamuyesa kupambana yowala ndi bwino nthawi imeneyo.

Pa a anthu worldview Lasso anasonyeza ambiri zolemba zake mukopedwe kucheza ndi amenewa andakatulo French pleyadovtsami monga Ronsard ndi de A Baifa.

zilandiridwenso achipembedzo

Ambiri mwa zidutswa amapilira Lasso - mpingo music, munali Wolemba a ndakatulo kapena rhymes adasandulika, anabwereka amagwira.

Apa akamatchula ikhale oposa misa sikisite wolemba, Requiem wake (maliro kapena kulira oratorios yaikulu) ndi m'zinthu anayi chilakolako (amapilira mwamphamvu ntchito zoyenera zowawa za Khristu). Zogwirizana ndi zofunika nyimbo mpingo ndi ntchito za Orlando ali m'munsimu:

1. Officiorum Woyera Mlungu - msonkhano wapadera, chojambulidwa pa koloko.
2. Oposa zana Magnificat, zochokera pemphero (kapena chiyamiko) Mary - Mayi wa Khristu, anatengedwa kuchokera Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka, chaputala choyamba.
3. Oposa zana nyimbo - nyimbo zotamanda otchulidwa m'Baibulo.
4. Ntchito zambiri uzimu (mu kalembedwe chanson kapena madrigal). Komanso tisaiwale kwakukuru anaphedwa chanson za Myuda Susanna ndi akulu awiri oipa. A nkhani otchuka kwa mankhwala wachotsedwa magwero sanali ovomerezeka kapena owonjezera.
5. amalonda chipembedzo Malemba.
6. Mazana a madrigals wauzimu ndi motets, kuphatikizapo kayendedwe ka wotchuka ndi zofunika Nyimbo semigolosnyh yaing'ono "Misozi wa St. Peter" ndi kusonkhanitsa "Penitential Masalmo a Davide."

ntchito

Koma Orlando Lasso sananene luso lakeli ntchito achipembedzo okha. Music ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano sakanakhala ngati wokongola, kusinthidwa ndi otchuka, ngati osati chifukwa chapadera, kofunika kwambiri ntchito yake. Pakati pawo padzakhala ayenera kulabadira otsatirawa:

1. Koposa zana ndi makumi asanu Villanelle. Villanelle - okongoletsedwa nyimbo kalembedwe Neapolitan, yodziwika lyric ndakatulo ndi kafungo sewero lanthabwala ndi polyphonic nyimbo.
2. Za mazana awiri moresok. Moreschi - zikuchokera nyimbo ndi kuvina, whimsically chosonyeza Asilamu otchedwa a Moor.
3. Canzones anapereka. Canzone - m'nyimbo nyimbo troubadours lapansi.
4. Zoposa wani handiredi ndi forte German nyimbo zachikale.
5. Mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu yolembedwa madrigals, chansons ndi faburdonov.
6. Pafupifupi mazana asanu motets. Motet - amapilira polyphonic ntchito ndi polyphonic nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Lasso ntchito zimenezi ankafuna zinthu zakuthupi, zolinga didactic kapena miyambo.

ntchito zoseketsa

Lasso analembanso azithunzithunzi nyimbo. Mwachitsanzo, kumwa nyimbo yake ( "Inu mukhoza tsopano ndikondwera," kapena "Mulungu, inu anapanga vinyo") ndizodzazidwa ndi kuwala mitundu ya zoseketsa komanso zosavuta kuwerenga. Iwo adzaika omvera kwa anthu abwino asangalale ndi kusangalala kuti ndi kofunikira pa maphwando ndi mapwando.

Monyozera phokoso anamva wotchuka chikondi serenade analemba Orlando, kumene woonda zoseketsa kukhudza ndi mmene msilikali German asokoneza mawu Italy.

Nawonso ndi Wolemba kwambiri analenga angapo ntchito zosafunikira, kumene osasamala ankasewera mawonekedwe anafotokoza zosafunikira, kungochita mphepo mphindi otengedwa zinthu moyo.

M'pofunika osanenapo osasamala chanson wake zopusa za akazi mkulu anthu, amene amaona chikhalidwe nsangalabwi fano; kapena Villanelle za spindle chabwino, amene ankagulitsa pa chitsanzo. Komanso pansi spindle ali pano kutanthauza mkazi wa ukoma zosavuta, kugulitsa chikondi kwa ena.

Zina mwa ntchito zina zoseketsa zofunika Kudziwa, kulabadira mabuku a okhutira zokayikitsa, nalemekeza mowa ndi kuledzera. Komanso, iwo anali kukhazikitsa monga onyenga wotonza wa motets lalikulu.

mbali zapadera zilandiridwenso

Music ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano zingakhale yowala ndi osiyanasiyana, si monga chosiyana ndi mwapang'onopang'ono, ngati si chifukwa cha ntchito yolenga ya Orlando Lasso.

Kalembedwe Lasso - osakaniza amafunika wowerengeka nyimbo ndi zithunzi kuchokera tsiku ndi tsiku ndi lapamwamba ndi wauzimu nyimbo akatswiri zothandiza lathu.

Mu ntchito zake, wolemba kwambiri sanaleke yekha storyline chimodzi kapena mtundu wanyimbo wina. Ntchito Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana komanso nyimbo, Orlando analemba mabuku ake pa nkhani yolembedwa ndi wauzimu, ndipo nyimbo zake dziko anali Mipikisano faceted ndi osiyanasiyana. Iye akanakhoza mofanana ndi luso ndi zimathandizadi kutengerapo kubuma amajambulapo maluwa okongola ndi zoseketsa phokoso, zokumana wochenjera wauzimu ndi mokhudza zilakolako wosilira, mawunikidwe ndi akatswiri ndi Zopatsa chosayenera.

Ntchito wowerengeka nyimbo ndi folklore likumveka Lasso analenga nyimbo ndi zovuta nyimbo zokongola lalikulu lonse, katswiri kusintha kamvekedwe ndi kugwedera.

Mu nyimbo zawo, ndi luso loimba wagwiritsa ntchito liu lina - imalira msewu kapena cues banja, anawapatsa wapadera modabwitsa chikhalidwe kapena mzere kuvina kuti ena luso ndi luso loimba za nthawi.

moyo

Orlando Lasso, kukwatira zaka makumi awiri ndi anayi ku bwalo Bavarian wolemekezeka dona Regina Vekinger. Zinali ukwati ana ambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti awiri a ana a wolemba chachikulu - Rudolph ndi Ferdinand - anadzakhala oimba wabwino.

imfa

Orlando Lasso anafa Munich pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri. Iye anaikidwa pa mpingo Francis.

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa yake iye anakhazikidwa mwanaalirenji, wofiira nsangalabwi, chipilala. Mwalawapamutu ankafotokozedwa chithunzi cha m'manda a Khristu, ndi za ana a womwalirayo kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi wamasiye wake - ndi ana aakazi.

Lalembedwa pa chosemacho anali yaitali laudatory epitaph, komanso Crest banja Lasso.

Chifukwa cha zipolowe misa yomwe inayamba mu 1800s mu Bavaria, tsogolo la tombstones panthawi zosadziwika.