Old Russian mbale: dzina

Old Russian mbale ndi osiyanasiyana, ngakhale kuti analengedwa makamaka nkhuni. chikoka chake kwa anthu masiku ano ali ndi yokongola, nebychna ndi kupanga ware anali weniweni kulenga ndondomeko ndinu woona, zomwe zikuonetsa malingaliro Russian amisiri.

NKHANI ware wakale

Monga tanenera kale, mu Russia ziwiya zonse kusema nkhuni, ndi kudya ndi kumwa. N'chifukwa chake tinafika zitsanzo zochepa kwambiri luso ndi wowerengeka. Old Russian mbale ndi osiyanasiyana - izo mbale ndi zidebe jugs, ndi spoons chosema. Tidawalenga makhalidwe amenewa malo osiyanasiyana maukulu Russian, ndipo aliyense mbuye chosiyana ndi wapadera cholembedwa zawo. Painting ndiponso kusema - ichi ndi ulemerero ambiri mbiya wakale. Lero, mankhwala amenewa amapezeka kupatula mu zakale koma zopereka patokha mafani wa mpesa knick-knacks.

Kodi ndi zinthu anamugwiritsa

Kuti alenge mbale sanabwere mitundu yonse ya nkhuni. Nthawi zambiri ntchito birch, Aspen ndi conifers. laimu zofewa anamugwiritsa ntchito kulenga spoons, ladles, nalivaek. Komanso, zolembedwa likumanenso wakale Russian mbale, dzina la anthu amakopeka ndi wapadera ake. Mwachitsanzo, supuni kuwongoka, chidebe mbadwa - mayina usanene chilichonse kwa ife, anthu amakono, amene anazolowera kalilole, tableware zadothi. Ndipotu kuwongoka - thunthu nkhuni ndi muzu chotengera - chotengera unapangidwa pomwepo kenaka amphamvu. Alimi ambiri ntchito polenga mbale aliyense mtengo - ndi mabwinja, ndi makungwa, ndi mizu kusintha kuti n'zosavuta kuti yokhotakhota. Ndipo mtengo kwambiri ankaona kamwa ya mbale - ndi kumanga-pa mtengo.

Chidebe

Izi wakale Russian mbale anabwera kwa ife mu mawonekedwe kusinthidwa, monga zitsanzo panopa, sikuti nkhuni. zidebe zitsulo mu Russia lero kaŵirikaŵiri limagwiritsa ntchito m'midzi akuphunzitsa osambira. Mu Ancient Lazaro ndowa izo ankaona mtundu ambiri mbale chikondwerero akumwa - anatumikira uchi, kvass, mowa. The gulu loyimba zidebe yaikuluikulu anatumikira monga kukongoletsa kwenikweni pa tebulo.

Izi wakale Russian mbale vinyo nthawizonse wakhala kaso ndi chidwi, mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a ngalawa, akuyandama mbalame. Pa kumpoto Dvina analenga mbale ndi amangomvera ziwiri, zomwe zinkafanana mutu pa bakha ndi mchira. Iye anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndi chithunzi yowala kuti akakometsere zizitha yosavuta m'mphawi moyo. M'chigawo lina la Tver, m'misili kulenga Mitsempha mu mawonekedwe mutu wa akavalo, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli ndi zojambula Rosette pakati, lomwe ndi chizindikiro wakale wa dzuwa. Ndipo mu 1558, mu ulamuliro Ivana Groznogo, pa malangizo ake ndowa lisanalengedwe, chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala ya safiro zitatu zazikulu. Lero, ndi mogometsa awasungira mu umodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi ku Germany, kumene adali pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Zidebe m'madera osiyana

Moscow ambuye analenga zidebe wa kapu, amene amalola kuti apulumutse wokongola tirigu chitsanzo. mankhwala amenewa Anali ndi maonekedwe a ngalawa, lathyathyathya pansi ndi mphuno zisonga ndi lalifupi yopingasa khasu. Ziwiya anali wandiweyani ndi cholimba khoma ndipo ntchito ngati zina siliva inlay felemu. Kozmodemyansk zidebe analenga linden ndi zooneka ngati Moscow, koma nthawi zambiri kwambiri ndi lalikulu mu Volume. Anapanga Tver zidebe ambuye hollowed mizu mtengo kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe a ngalawa elongated. Koma mu kumpoto zinalengedwa, skopkari ndowa - ziwiya mu boti ndi amangomvera awiri, mmodzi amene kwenikweni ikuchitika mu mawonekedwe a mbalame kapena mutu wa akavalo.

Breadbox ndi solonitsa

Izi wakale Russian mbale analinso lingaliro kuvomerezedwa tebulo iliyonse, chifukwa mkate ndi mchere ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika za chakudya. Breadbox ntchito kusungiramo mankhwala ufa, ndi anali kupanga izo kuchokera bast - mtengo thunthu wosanjikiza limene lili pakati pa kutumphuka ndi pakati. mbale Zimenezi zingathandize mkate muchikombole ndi chinyezi.

Salt mu Russia anali wokwera mtengo choncho kulenga mbale kusunga anafika mosamala kwambiri. Solonitsa chopangidwa m'njira ziwiri zofunika - mu mawonekedwe a chopondapo, lomwe likutuluka mpando-chivundikiro kapena ngati mbalame akuyandama. wokongola kwambiri ndi zachilendo kuyang'ana wakale Russian mbale - zithunzi kudzasonyeza mmene chidwi linaperekedwa kwa miyambo ya kupenta ndiponso kusema.

Bratina, mbale ndi chivindikiro

Ngati dzina "ndowa" ndi "solonitsa" (ngakhale ife zambiri icho "mchere shaker") bwino kwa aliyense, ndiye mawu "Bratina" ndi zovuta. Ambiri mwina, dzina la mbale amachokera mawu "Bratchina", chomwe chinkatanthauza chakudya chikondwerero. Childs, izo imagwiridwa mu mawonekedwe a mpira, amene ali pamwamba khosi intercepted korona m'mbali yokhota kumapeto. Old Russian chokongoletsera pa mbale wa mtundu uwu unali wosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, lidakalipobe anapangidwa mu XVIII atumwi Bratina, chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula mu mawonekedwe a flakes lolembedwa ndi. Mwa njira, Bokosili lilinso unachita zikuluzikulu kamangidwe ka mbiya wakale. Iwo akhoza kulankhula za zinthu zambiri za malo ndi tsiku chilengedwe cha khalidwe la khamu ake, ndi zina zotero.

Ife takhala mu ntchito mu masiku akale, mbale zolowa, amene ziwaya lonse m'mbali otsika. Iwo ankawapatsa mbale yokazinga ndi kuphika, ndi mchitidwe umenewu ngakhale mikate yakeyi. Chikope munamutcha oblong mbale, lomwe linali ndi chivundikiro pamwamba ndipo Komanso okonzeka ndi amangomvera. Izo ntchito zolinga zosiyana; pakuti mikate kuphika, yosungirako, kvass, kuphika nyama mbale. Kenako, mbale wakhala kudziwika kwa ife musunthe.

Flagon ndi zikho

Ngati chirichonse chiri bwino zikho, chigwa - wakale Russian mbale, omwe mayina anali osiyana: ndi chikho, ndipo yandova ndi Bratina. tableware ndiye chotengera zozungulira za mkuwa kapena bast, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito kumwa mowa, uchi phala. nsupa amenewa stylized kanjedza ngati bakha, tsekwe, tambala Makwangwala Olimbana ndi dera lililonse ndi zojambula zawo. Kufikira tsopano, ziwiya ngati anasunga mu Karelia - kulenga m'chigwa cha linden nkhuni, thundu, mapulo kapena birch.

Tver ambuye analenga chigwa zabwino kapu (kumanga-pa mtengo). Zakudya anachita mu mawonekedwe a chikho pa mphasa wapadera (chowulungika kapena lalikulu) wodzilemekeza ndiponso spout-kumaliseche. Nkhwangwa kukonzedwa ziwiya, ndiye equalized scraper.

Stavtsev ndi spoons

Zachilendo ndi zokongola kwambiri wakale Russian mbale mtengo, ndipo mayina zina lake zosayembekezereka ndithu. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa stavets chakudya ntchito, amene analengedwa vytachivaniem pa makina wapadera. ziwiya za kukhitchini ichi chinali awiri kwambiri mbale - wina anatumikira monga chivindikiro, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mbale. Chabwino, ndi chikondwerero tebulo spoons angachite popanda? Mwina mchitidwe ziwiya alipo ambiri - wokongola wakuda matabwa supuni, molemera chokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula. Mu Stavtsev mu Russia ndi zipatso amadya ndi masamba. Koma panalinso mbale mtundu yeniyeni ya zipatso - lemongrass, masamba Man, borage.

mitundu yambiri ya spoons matabwa anali mu Veliky Novgorod. Anayang'ana makamaka mankhwala wokongola amene ali monga munaukitsidwa phesi. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ngati kuluka yokongola, amene amachita njira mizere ulusi. Koma mu kumpoto zinalengedwa Shadrova spoons kuzikongoletsa ndi mafupa kapena mano. Komanso, dera lililonse anali supuni mawonekedwe yake yapadera. Mwachitsanzo, m'munda analenga Gorkovskaya ladles, saladi, nsomba, woonda spoons amene ankasiyana anamaliza ndi kusamalira-faceted khasu. Kirov supuni ankasiyana mafosholo ovoid ndi lathyathyathya khasu.

ziwiya kumwa

Mu Ancient Lazaro ziwiya zonse, ntchito kumwa, wotchedwa mowa kapena nyumba za alendo. Pankhaniyi, dzina pafupifupi aliyense chidwi ndi choyambirira mawu a chiyambi. Mwina chotengera ambiri kumodzi ndi zomveka ndi mtsuko - anapitirizabe zakumwa ndi kutumikira. Mtundu wa mtsuko anali kumgan Anabwereka anansi kum'mawa, kugwira khosi yopapatiza, spout yaitali ndi kusamalira. madzi kusungidwa kumgans zambiri, kotero iwo anali wambirimbiri. Olovyanniki - kumakhalanso ngati mtsuko. Izo zimasunga ndi kutumikira zakumwa zosiyanasiyana. Koma ndi mankhwala galasi mu Russia zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri. Kotero, anali kale mawu "steklyantsy" m'zaka za m'ma XII, koma iwo zinkachokera ku mayiko ena.

chidwi kwambiri tione ndi galasi ziwiya, ziwiya za kukhitchini ndipo Old Wood. Zithunzi kuchokera m'masiku ndi mbiri wakale amasonyeza kuti ambiri sachita zimenezi kukhale kwapafupi, kumva, ndipo amasiyana yekha mu zithunzi ndi zodzikongoletsera. Cookware otchedwa maonekedwe kapena zipangizo ntchito kulenga izo.